DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN

Currently, the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis as an independent nosological form in children is being improved. This direction provides for the differentiation of chronic bronchitis from other bronchopulmonary diseases occurring with bronchitis syndrome. It is known that chronic bronchitis is a constant companion of bronchiectasis, primary ciliary dyskinesia and its main form - Kartagener's syndrome, and is also one of the manifestations of cystic fibrosis. The viciousness of the development of the bronchopulmonary system (aplasia, hypoplasia of the lungs, Mounier-Kuhn syndrome, Williams-Campbell syndrome, polycystic lung disease, bronchial branching anomalies), as a rule, predisposes to the formation of chronic bronchitis.

Kartagener’s Syndrome: A Rare Case

Kartagener’s syndrome, an autosomal recessively inherited disorder, is a subgroup of primary ciliary dyskinesias. This genetic disorder manifests from early life which distinguishes it from acquired mucociliary disorders. Kartagener’s syndrome presents as a classical triad of situs inversus, sinusitis and bronchiectasis occurring majorly due to impaired ciliary motility. Here we report a case of a four year old female child who presented to us with repeated episodes of cough and intermittent breathlessness for the past three years. Clinical examination revealed bilateral coarse basal crepitations and apex beat on right fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line. A thorough investigation revealed situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bilateral bronchiectasis. The patient underwent a high-speed video microscopy analysis which was suggestive of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Considering these findings, the patient was diagnosed as a case of Kartagener’s syndrome.

Renal Carcinoma and Kartagener Syndrome: An Unusual Association

Background. The association of renal cell carcinoma and Kartagener’s syndrome is unusual, and only eleven cases have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this work is to analyze this unusual association of Kartagener’s syndrome and renal cell tumor and to study the main diagnostic and therapeutic aspects through our observation and review of the literature. Case Presentation. We report the case of a 50-year-old patient, with a history of recurrent respiratory infections, in whom a renal tumor was simultaneously diagnosed with Kartagener’s syndrome, represented by situs inversus, bronchiectasia, and chronic sinusitis. The patient was treated by partial nephrectomy, and the histological examination showed a clear cell carcinoma. Through this observation and a review of the literature, we try to analyze this association as well as the main diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Conclusion. The association of situs inversus and renal cell carcinoma is very rare—preoperative assessment and anatomy knowledge are crucial for a better adaptation of the surgical technique.