scholarly journals Sex determination in forensic identification, a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
RohanShrinivas Chaudhari ◽  
SagarP Nagare ◽  
RajendraS Birangane ◽  
PratikC Parkarwar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Forensic Identification

scholarly journals Penentuan Jenis Kelamin berdasarkan Indeks Kaninus (Sex Determination Based on Canine Index)

MEDULA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
The Right

Background: Identification is an effort made to determine a person's identity. One of the important things in identification is sex determination. Teeth are the hardest part of the human body and are protected in the oral cavity so they have a major role in forensic identification. Canine is the longest teeth and oftentimes used in identification. Purpose: To  determine the sex based on the canine index. Methods: An observational analytic cross-sectional study design with 250 research subjects of Halu Oleo University Medical Faculty students from October to December 2018, ages 18-25 years, who met the inclusion criteria, male (n = 125) and female (n = 125). Canine index by calculating the ratio of mesiodistal width (a measure of the width of canines measured from the two widest ends) divided by the distance between canines in four regions namely upper right jaw, upper left jaw, lower right jaw and upper left jaw. Result: Spearman correlation test results of canine index to sex, namely the upper right jaw value of p = 0.124, the upper left jaw value of p = 0.117, the right and right lower jaw with the p value = 0,000. Conclusion: The lower jaw canine index can be used in sex determination, where male have greater lower jaw canine index than female.Keywords: identification, canine index, sex ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Identifikasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk menentukan identitas seseorang. Salah satu hal penting dalam identifikasi adalah penentuan jenis kelamin. Gigi merupakan bagian paling keras dari tubuh manusia dan terlindung di dalam rongga mulut sehingga mempunyai peran besar dalam identifikasi forensik. Kaninus/gigi taring merupakan gigi yang paling panjang diantara semua gigi dan sering digunakan dalam identifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penentuan jenis kelamin berdasarkan indeks kaninus. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dengan 250 subyek penelitian mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Halu Oleo Periode Oktober-Desember 2018, usia 18-25 tahun, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, laki-laki (n=125) dan perempuan (n=125). Indeks kaninus dengan menghitung rasio lebar mesiodistal (ukuran lebar dari gigi taring yang diukur daripada kedua ujung yang terlebar) dibagi jarak antar kaninus pada empat regio yaitu rahang atas kanan, rahang atas kiri, rahang bawah kanan dan rahang bawah kiri. Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi Spearman indeks kaninus terhadap jenis kelamin yaitu pada rahang kanan atas nilai p=0,124, rahang kiri atas nilai p=0,117, rahang kanan dan kiri bawah dengan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan:  Indeks kaninus rahang bawah dapat digunakan dalam penentuan jenis kelamin, laki-laki mempunyai indeks kaninus rahang bawah lebih besar dibanding perempuan.Kata kunci: identifikasi, indeks kaninus, jenis kelamin

Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Sudhakara Reddy ◽  
Divya Teja Dalli ◽  
Sahithi Dathar ◽  
Rajesh Nallakunta ◽  
Preethi Madugula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Maximum Accuracy ◽  
Bacterial Decomposition ◽  
Permanent Molars

ABSTRACT Introduction Identification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. Sex determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Tooth being strongest component can resist bacterial decomposition and fire when rest of the body is damaged beyond recognition. Sexual dimorphism refers to the systemic difference in the form between individuals of different sexes within the same species. Teeth of various species are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The present study aims to evaluate the linear dimensions of permanent molars and canines for sex determination and to estimate their level of accuracy. Materials and methods Sixty subjects were included in the study. Study casts were prepared and the dimensions of permanent canines and first permanent molars were measured as the greatest distance between the buccal and lingual surface as well as mesial and distal aspects of the crown by using digital vernier callipers. Results Discriminant function analysis had shown that males have greater mean mesio-distal (MD) and bucco lingual (BL)/ labio-lingual (LL) dimensions for each tooth in comparison to females. Right upper canine showed the maximum accuracy followed by right lower and left upper canines. Out of four molars, right lower molar showed maximum accuracy of 86.7%. Conclusion The present study showed the importance of linear dimensions of canines and molars in the assessment of sex and molars can be used as an alternative to canines when their evidence is missing in forensic investigations. How to cite this article Dalli DT, Reddy S, Dathar S, Nallakunta R, Madugula P, Darna G. Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination. World J Dent 2016;7(3):150-154.

scholarly journals Sex Predictability by Using Mandibular Canine Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Alok Atreya ◽  
Rijen Shrestha ◽  
Lujaw Ratna Tuladhar ◽  
Samata Nepal ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Canine Dimorphism

Background: Canines are known for their higher resistance to trauma and pathological alterations when compared to other teeth. Among all the teeth, canines show highest sexual dimorphism.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was commenced from January 2019 to April 2019 after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. The maximum mesio-distal widths of right and left mandibular canines and mandibular inter-canine arch width were measured on the cast with the help of a divider and digital vernier callipers. Mandibular canine index was calculated by dividing the mesio-distal width of each mandibular canine with inter-canine arch width. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Sex predictability by using mandibular canine index in the present study showed poor sex predictability (57.5% - 62.5%).Conclusions: Sex determination should be done by other methods and mandibular canine index should be used cautiously in Nepalese population.Keywords: Canine dimorphism; forensic anthropology; forensic dentistry; forensic identification, sex determination.

scholarly journals Sex Determination from the Morphometry of the Foramen Magnum in Benin: Potential Forensic Identification Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Yekpe Ahouansou Patricia ◽  
Savi de Tove Kofi-Mensa ◽  
Bigot Cep ◽  
Adjadohoun Sbmg ◽  
Savi de Tove Jean-Louis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Identification Tool

scholarly journals Differences in Correlation Values in Sex Determination based on Ridge Density of Hypothenar, External Ear Anthropometric and Canine Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
P Value ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Canine

Hypothenar region is an area that is often contacts with surfaces during activities, and the ear is proven to be more consistent than face identification in passive biometrics. While, the teeth are hardest part in the human body which covered inside the oral cavity. These 3 parts of the body have a great role forensic identification especially in determining sex. The aim of this study is to know differences in correlation values in sex determination based on ridge density of hypothenar region of the palm, external ear anthropometric and canine index. This was a cross sectional study with observational analytic design, include 500 medical students in Kariadi Hospital Semarang Central Java Indonesia, age 21 - 26 years old, who are included in inclusion criteria, male (n = 250), female (n = 250). Ridge density is measured by calculating the average number of hypothenar palm ridge on the side of the top, middle and bottom; each area is 5×5 mm2 in measurement. External ear anthrophometric consists ear length, ear breadth, base auricular, lobe length and lobe width. Canine index is calculated by dividing mesiodistal width and intercanine distance in 4 regions. Spearman correlation test between ridge density of hypothenar region palm prints, external ear anthropometric, mandibular canine index and sex shows significant correlation with p-value = 0.000. There is no significant difference between maxillary canine index and sex (right maxillary p-value = 0.112 and left maxillary p-value = 0.082). There are differences in correlation values in sex determination based on ridge density of hypothenar region palm prints, external ear anthropometric and mandibular canine index. Ridge density of hypothenar region palm prints and ear length are show strong correlation in sex determination.

Sex determination banned in India

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 379 (6562) ◽  
pp. 201-201
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination

Sex determination and Y chromosome constitutive heterochromatin

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Abyt Ibraimov
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Biological Meaning ◽  
Heterochromatin Block ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Efficient Elimination

In many animals, including us, the genetic sex is determined at fertilization by sex chromosomes. Seemingly, the sex determination (SD) in human and animals is determined by the amount of constitutive heterochromatin on Y chromosome via cell thermoregulation. It is assumed the medulla and cortex tissue cells in the undifferentiated embryonic gonads (UEG) differ in vulnerability to the increase of the intracellular temperature. If the amount of the Y chromosome constitutive heterochromatin is enough for efficient elimination of heat difference between the nucleus and cytoplasm in rapidly growing UEG cells the medulla tissue survives. Otherwise it doomed to degeneration and a cortex tissue will remain in the UEG. Regardless of whether our assumption is true or not, it remains an open question why on Y chromosome there is a large constitutive heterochromatin block? What is its biological meaning? Does it relate to sex determination, sex differentiation and development of secondary sexual characteristics? If so, what is its mechanism: chemical or physical? There is no scientifically sound answer to these questions.

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