Sex Predictability by Using Mandibular Canine Index

Background: Canines are known for their higher resistance to trauma and pathological alterations when compared to other teeth. Among all the teeth, canines show highest sexual dimorphism.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was commenced from January 2019 to April 2019 after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. The maximum mesio-distal widths of right and left mandibular canines and mandibular inter-canine arch width were measured on the cast with the help of a divider and digital vernier callipers. Mandibular canine index was calculated by dividing the mesio-distal width of each mandibular canine with inter-canine arch width. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Sex predictability by using mandibular canine index in the present study showed poor sex predictability (57.5% - 62.5%).Conclusions: Sex determination should be done by other methods and mandibular canine index should be used cautiously in Nepalese population.Keywords: Canine dimorphism; forensic anthropology; forensic dentistry; forensic identification, sex determination.

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Differences in Correlation Values in Sex Determination based on Ridge Density of Hypothenar, External Ear Anthropometric and Canine Index

Trends in Sciences ◽

10.48048/tis.2022.1444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1444

Author(s):

Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Forensic Identification ◽

P Value ◽

External Ear ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Central Java ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mandibular Canine

Hypothenar region is an area that is often contacts with surfaces during activities, and the ear is proven to be more consistent than face identification in passive biometrics. While, the teeth are hardest part in the human body which covered inside the oral cavity. These 3 parts of the body have a great role forensic identification especially in determining sex. The aim of this study is to know differences in correlation values in sex determination based on ridge density of hypothenar region of the palm, external ear anthropometric and canine index. This was a cross sectional study with observational analytic design, include 500 medical students in Kariadi Hospital Semarang Central Java Indonesia, age 21 - 26 years old, who are included in inclusion criteria, male (n = 250), female (n = 250). Ridge density is measured by calculating the average number of hypothenar palm ridge on the side of the top, middle and bottom; each area is 5×5 mm2 in measurement. External ear anthrophometric consists ear length, ear breadth, base auricular, lobe length and lobe width. Canine index is calculated by dividing mesiodistal width and intercanine distance in 4 regions. Spearman correlation test between ridge density of hypothenar region palm prints, external ear anthropometric, mandibular canine index and sex shows significant correlation with p-value = 0.000. There is no significant difference between maxillary canine index and sex (right maxillary p-value = 0.112 and left maxillary p-value = 0.082). There are differences in correlation values in sex determination based on ridge density of hypothenar region palm prints, external ear anthropometric and mandibular canine index. Ridge density of hypothenar region palm prints and ear length are show strong correlation in sex determination.

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Penentuan Jenis Kelamin berdasarkan Indeks Kaninus (Sex Determination Based on Canine Index)

MEDULA ◽

10.46496/medula.v7i2.11971 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Forensic Identification ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Jaw ◽

Spearman Correlation Test ◽

The Right

Background: Identification is an effort made to determine a person's identity. One of the important things in identification is sex determination. Teeth are the hardest part of the human body and are protected in the oral cavity so they have a major role in forensic identification. Canine is the longest teeth and oftentimes used in identification. Purpose: To determine the sex based on the canine index. Methods: An observational analytic cross-sectional study design with 250 research subjects of Halu Oleo University Medical Faculty students from October to December 2018, ages 18-25 years, who met the inclusion criteria, male (n = 125) and female (n = 125). Canine index by calculating the ratio of mesiodistal width (a measure of the width of canines measured from the two widest ends) divided by the distance between canines in four regions namely upper right jaw, upper left jaw, lower right jaw and upper left jaw. Result: Spearman correlation test results of canine index to sex, namely the upper right jaw value of p = 0.124, the upper left jaw value of p = 0.117, the right and right lower jaw with the p value = 0,000. Conclusion: The lower jaw canine index can be used in sex determination, where male have greater lower jaw canine index than female.Keywords: identification, canine index, sex ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Identifikasi merupakan upaya yang dilakukan untuk menentukan identitas seseorang. Salah satu hal penting dalam identifikasi adalah penentuan jenis kelamin. Gigi merupakan bagian paling keras dari tubuh manusia dan terlindung di dalam rongga mulut sehingga mempunyai peran besar dalam identifikasi forensik. Kaninus/gigi taring merupakan gigi yang paling panjang diantara semua gigi dan sering digunakan dalam identifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penentuan jenis kelamin berdasarkan indeks kaninus. Metode: Penelitian analitik observasional rancangan cross sectional dengan 250 subyek penelitian mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Halu Oleo Periode Oktober-Desember 2018, usia 18-25 tahun, yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, laki-laki (n=125) dan perempuan (n=125). Indeks kaninus dengan menghitung rasio lebar mesiodistal (ukuran lebar dari gigi taring yang diukur daripada kedua ujung yang terlebar) dibagi jarak antar kaninus pada empat regio yaitu rahang atas kanan, rahang atas kiri, rahang bawah kanan dan rahang bawah kiri. Hasil: Hasil uji korelasi Spearman indeks kaninus terhadap jenis kelamin yaitu pada rahang kanan atas nilai p=0,124, rahang kiri atas nilai p=0,117, rahang kanan dan kiri bawah dengan nilai p=0,000. Simpulan: Indeks kaninus rahang bawah dapat digunakan dalam penentuan jenis kelamin, laki-laki mempunyai indeks kaninus rahang bawah lebih besar dibanding perempuan.Kata kunci: identifikasi, indeks kaninus, jenis kelamin

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Practice of Breastfeeding and its Barriers among Women Working in Tertiary Level Hospitals

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (215) ◽

Author(s):

Mukta Singh Bhandari ◽

Pratibha Manandhar ◽

Dipesh Tamrakar

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Data Entry ◽

Recurrent Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Breastfeeding Practice

Introduction: Breastfeeding provides ideal food for newborns and prevents recurrent infection and malnutrition in infants. In Nepal, breastfeeding is a universal practice but exclusive breastfeeding is low. As there is increased involvement of women in workforce, practice of breastfeeding may have been compromised. The main objective of the study was to examine the practice and barriers of breastfeeding among women working in tertiary level hospitals of Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Study participants were wom- en working in Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital and was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of both institutions. Total of 208 women were included in the study and face to face interview was conducted. Data entry and analysis was done using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS).Results: Breastfeeding practice was universal and colostrum was fed by 195 (94%) women. Pre- lacteal feeding was given by 14 (7%) women and 119 (57%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Total of 93 (45%) children were exclusively breastfed for any duration while 10 (11%) were exclusively breastfed for six months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 14.57 months and 90 (43%) started complementary feeding before six months. Total of 97 (51%) women and 42 (47%) women stated work as barrier for not exclusively breastfeeding and early complementary feeding respectively. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding was very low and children were breastfed for less than two years. Complementary feeding was also started earlier and work was stated as the main barrier for poor breastfeeding practice. Keywords: breastfeeding; complementary feeding; working women.

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Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.6483 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (240) ◽

Author(s):

Sanzida Khatun ◽

Diwakar Kumar Shah

Keyword(s):

Surgical Procedures ◽

Brachial Artery ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Reference Number ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Usual Site

Introduction: The main blood supply for arm is provided by the brachial artery. It shows variation in branching and termination patterns in some individuals. Variation in brachial artery may cause difficulties during various clinical and surgical procedures. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers in the department of anatomy of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 10th January 2020 to 20th April 2021 after the ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: IRC-NMCTH 280/2020). The study was done in 58 upper limbs of 29 properly embalmed cadavers. Convenient sampling was done. They were carefully dissected. The level of termination of brachial artery was noted. The length of the brachial artery and the distance between its termination and the intercondylar line of humerus was recorded. Results: Higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 3 (5.17%) extremities; one (1.72%) at middle third of arm and two (3.45%) at lower third of arm. In 52 (89.66%) extremities, the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius. The brachial artery terminated a few centimeters below its usual site at the level of upper part of shaft of the radius in 3 (5.17%) extremities. Conclusions: The prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers is slightly lower than the studies performed in similar settings. It is not an uncommon finding. It may have impact on clinical and surgical procedures.

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Prevalence of Selected Non-Metric Dental Traits in Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese Ethnic Groups of Western Hilly Region

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (219) ◽

Author(s):

Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽

Santosh Kandel ◽

Raju Shrestha ◽

Alok Atreya

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Review Committee ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Hilly Region ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Dental Traits

Introduction: Additional anatomic features present on teeth are called non-metric dental traits. Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling are such traits which are mostly evaluated for identification of ethnicity. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling among Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese ethnic group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from March 22 to June 22 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. The study was conducted among 274 patients and convenient sampling method was applied. Data were analyzed by the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among 274 cases, 153 (55.84%) cases were Indo-Nepalese and 121 (44.16%) were TibetoNepalese. Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was noticed in 87 (56.86%) of Indo-Nepalese and 45 (37.19%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Shovelling (11, 12, 21, 22) was present in 47 (30.71%) Indo-Nepalese and 79 (65.28%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Further, Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was found in 77 (53.10%) females and 55 (55.12%) males. Shovelling was present in 75 (51.72%) females and 51 (39.53%) males. Bilateralism with respect to Carabelli’s cusp was present in 82 (62.2%) cases. Presence of bilateral shovelling on upper central incisors and lateral central incisors were among 117 (94.35%) and 56 (91.80%) respectively. Conclusions: Carabelli’s cusps are frequently found in Indo-Nepalese ethnic group and shovelling of teeth most commonly present in Tibeto-Nepalese population. Further, bilaterism for shovelling of teeth is more common than bilaterism for cusp of Carabelli.

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Understanding Constraints and Enablers of Turnaround Time for Ethics Review: The Case of Institutional Review Boards in Tanzania

Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics ◽

10.1177/15562646211026855 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 155626462110268

Author(s):

Mwifadhi Mrisho ◽

Zaynab Essack

Keyword(s):

Turnaround Time ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Institutional Review Boards ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Electronic Submission ◽

Ethics Review ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Human Participants ◽

Review Boards

Background. Independent ethics review of research is required prior to the implementation of all health research involving human participants. However, ethics review processes are challenged by protracted turnaround times, which may negatively impact the implementation of socially valuable research. Previous research has documented delays in ethics review in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the extent of variability in turnaround times for protocol review among different institutional review boards (IRBs) within Tanzania. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a mixed-method approach, with qualitative and quantitative components. Seven IRBs were purposively sampled from the 15 accredited IRBs operational in Tanzania during the study period, April 2017–April 2018. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA software and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results. The median time for review across all IRBs was 32 days, with a range of 1–396 days. Qualitative results identified five key themes related to turnaround time from interviews with participants. These included: (1) procedures for receiving and distribution of protocols, (2) number of reviewers assigned to protocols, (3) duration of reviewing protocols, (4) reasons for delayed feedback, and (5) training of research ethics committee members. Conclusion. The study showed that the median days for ethical approval in Tanzania was 32 days. We observed from this study that electronic submission systems facilitated faster turnaround times. Failure to adhere to the submission checklists and guidelines was a major obstacle to the turnaround time.

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Adaptation Of Oral Hygiene Habits In Dental Professionals: A Kap Study

Esculapio ◽

10.51273/esc20.2516323 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽

Author(s):

Hanan William ◽

Deema Munir ◽

Rabia Arshad ◽

Shazel William

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hard Copy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Candidates ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Mouth Wash ◽

Dental Professionals

Objective: The present survey was carried out to assess the practice and perception of dental professionals towards their own dental care. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried from May 2019 to April 2020, in Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional review board. A self- administered questionnaire was developed comprising of 20 questions among the dental personnel (Staff and BDS students) of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine Karachi, Pakistan, to assess their practice and care, regarding their own oral hygiene. Responses were collected through both, the hard copy and an online google form link. Data was evaluated for 176 complete forms. For all the asked questions, a comparison was also made between male and female candidates, and between their academic levels. For all the variable as categorical values, percentages were tabulated using SPSS 21. Results: The results indicated that not all the dental professionals had their same practice to maintain oral hygiene. Not all of them were following the proper theoretical knowledge. From their choices of toothpastes to their habits of flossing and using additional aids for maintaining oral hygiene, majority factors varied individually in spite of the fact that there is well-awareness of consequences of negligence. Conclusion: It was found that not all the dental practitioners follow the proper guidelines to maintain oral hygiene, and not all of them follow the instructions they give to their patients. Key Words: Oral Hygiene, Dental Professionals, Tooth Paste, Mouth Wash, Dentistry, Oral Hygiene Maintenance, Dental practitioners.

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Prevalence of Self Medication Practice among Dental Undergraduates in a Dental college

Journal of Nepal Medical Association ◽

10.31729/jnma.4740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (221) ◽

Author(s):

Aastha Shrestha ◽

Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Dose ◽

Dental Students ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medication Practice ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

The Social

Introduction: Self-medication practice among future prescribers can cause a serious threat to thehealth care profession. There has been an increasing trend among medical and dental students forself-medication. The objective of our study was to find the prevalence and practice of self-medicationamong dental undergraduates in Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among all the dental undergraduatestudents of Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, from July to September 2018. Ethical clearancewas obtained from the institutional review board. A convenience sampling method was used. A prevalidated questionnaire was handed to the students in their classroom to collect the data. The datawere analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 and Microsoft Excel 2010and presented as frequency and percentage. Results: The prevalence of self-medication among dental undergraduates was found to be in 150(83.3%) out of a total of 180 students who participated in the study. Conclusions: Self-medication was commonly practiced by dental students. Self-medication shouldbe considered as a serious threat, especially among the students with inadequate knowledge of drug,dose, and duration of treatment.

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Comparison of gingival biotype in smokeless tobacco users (Gutka and Paan) and non-tobacco users

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.1197 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Prena Moorpani ◽

Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi ◽

Shahbaz Ahmed Jat ◽

Hira Akhtar ◽

Munazza Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smokeless Tobacco ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

User Groups ◽

Gingival Biotype

Abstract Objective: To assess the gingival biotypes in smokeless tobacco (Gutka and Paan) users and compare it with non-tobacco users in Karachi sub-population using trans-gingival probing method (TRAN). Methods: This in-vivo, cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Operative Dentistry from 20th February 2019 to 25th June 2019 Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional review board of DUHS (Ref: IRB-1207/DUHS/Approval/2019/21). A total of 70 participants, 35 subjects currently using smokeless tobacco (Gutka and Paan) and 35 non-tobacco users from both genders were included in the study after taking informed consent. Gingival biotype was recorded using probe transparency method. Probing of the gingival sulcus was performed at the mid-buccal aspect of both maxillary incisors. Depending on the visibility of the underlying probe gingiva was categorized as thin or thick. Results: Statistically significant differences in gingival biotype was observed of both groups (p=0.005). Males were recorded with a higher percentage of thick gingiva in both groups (81% in smokeless tobacco and 65% in non-tobacco) while in females thick gingiva was more prevalent in smokeless tobacco group (85.7%) whereas thin gingiva was noted in non-tobacco group (66.7%); although the results between genders was statistically insignificant. The comparison between different age groups, genders and both groups was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Significant difference was observed between gingival biotype of smokeless tobacco and non-tobacco user groups. No statistically significant results were observed between genders and age groups. Keywords: Gingival biotype, smokeless tobacco, Continuous...

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Association between sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status, and self-reported academic performance among dental students

Journal of Kathmandu Medical College ◽

10.3126/jkmc.v10i1.38967 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27

Author(s):

Sunita Khanal ◽

Sujita Shrestha ◽

Rosina Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Institutional Review ◽

Ethical Approval ◽

Methods Analytical

Background: Sleep is very important for normal functioning and overall development of the body for all. Information on association between sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status, and self-reported academic performance among dental students is not available in Nepal. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the association between sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status, and selfreported academic performance among dental students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among second year to final year students of Kantipur Dental College for a period of four months. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review committee of Kantipur Dental College before collecting the data. Convenience sampling was used. Data collection was done by using self administered, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire for assessing sleep quality. For assessing oral hygiene status, Greene and Vermillion OHI-S index was used. Academic performance was measured by the performance of the students in their previous university exam. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 and p <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Altogether 138 students participated in the study. Self-reported sleep quality was fairly good among 82 (59.4%) students but the actual sleep quality determined by PSQI was good among 92 (67 %) students. Mean hours of actual sleep of participants was 7 ± 1.52 hours. The association between sleeping patterns, academic performance, and oral hygiene status was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status and academic performance had no significant association.

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