CD4 Count, Magnetic Resonance-white Matter Signals, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients

Background: Age- and sex-related changes of metabolites in healthy adult brains have been examined with different 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods in varying populations, and with differing results. A long repetition time and short echo time technique reduces quantification errors due to T1 and T2 relaxation effects and makes it possible to measure metabolites with short T2 relaxation times. Purpose: To examine the effect of age on the metabolite concentrations measured by 1H MRS in normal supraventricular white matter using a long repetition time (TR) and a short echo time (TE). Material and Methods: Supraventricular white matter of 57 healthy subjects (25 women, 32 men), aged 13 to 72 years, was examined with a single-voxel MRS at 1.5T using a TR of 6000 ms and a TE of 22 ms. Tissue water was used as a reference in quantification. Results: Myoinositol increased slightly and total N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) decreased slightly with increasing age. Glutamine/glutamate complex (Glx) showed U-shaped age dependence, with highest concentrations in the youngest and oldest subjects. No significant age dependence was found in total choline and total creatine. No gender differences were found. Macromolecule/ lipid (ML) fractions were reliably measurable only in 36/57 or even fewer subjects and showed very large deviations. Conclusion: The concentrations of several metabolites in cerebral supraventricular white matter are age dependent on 1H MRS, even in young and middle-aged people, and age dependency can be nonlinear. Each 1H MRS study of the brain should therefore take age into account, whereas sex does not appear to be so important. The use of macromolecule and lipid evaluations is compromised by less successful quantification and large variations in healthy people.

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Axonal Injury and Disability in Multiple Sclerosis: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Measure of Dynamic Pathological Change in White Matter

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis ◽

10.1007/978-88-470-2109-9_6 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 61-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. L. Arnold ◽

N. De Stefano ◽

S. Narayanan ◽

P. M. Matthews

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

White Matter ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Pathological Change ◽

Axonal Injury ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy

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Myocardial Steatosis Among Antiretroviral Therapy–Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Participating in the REPRIEVE Trial

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 222 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S63-S69

Author(s):

Tomas G Neilan ◽

Kim-Lien Nguyen ◽

Vlad G Zaha ◽

Kara W Chew ◽

Leavitt Morrison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

History Of ◽

Myocardial Steatosis

Abstract Background People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) face increased risks for heart failure and adverse heart failure outcomes. Myocardial steatosis predisposes to diastolic dysfunction, a heart failure precursor. We aimed to characterize myocardial steatosis and associated potential risk factors among a subset of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) participants. Methods Eighty-two PWH without known heart failure successfully underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance spectroscopy, yielding data on intramyocardial triglyceride (IMTG) content (a continuous marker for myocardial steatosis extent). Logistic regression models were applied to investigate associations between select clinical characteristics and odds of increased or markedly increased IMTG content. Results Median (Q1, Q3) IMTG content was 0.59% (0.28%, 1.15%). IMTG content was increased (> 0.5%) among 52% and markedly increased (> 1.5%) among 22% of participants. Parameters associated with increased IMTG content included age (P = .013), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 (P = .055), history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) (P = .033), and nadir CD4 count < 350 cells/mm³ (P = .055). Age and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 were additionally associated with increased odds of markedly increased IMTG content (P = .049 and P = .046, respectively). Conclusions A substantial proportion of antiretroviral therapy–treated PWH exhibited myocardial steatosis. Age, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, low nadir CD4 count, and history of IVDU emerged as possible risk factors for myocardial steatosis in this group. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02344290; NCT03238755.

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