Study on the Effects of Sorbitol on Water Holding Capacity of Meat by NMR

The distribution and changes of constitutional water, immobilized water and free water and the effects of the sorbitol on three kinds of water during the curing of fresh meat were studied in this paper. The low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance were used to measure water and its distribution in meat. The test parameters are as follows: magnetic field strength of the NMR spectrometer is 0.5Tesla, corresponding resonance frequency for protons is 22MHz, sampling points is 160128, repeated scanning number is 16, repetition time is 1.6s, echo time is 1.6s. The results showed that: the relaxation time T2 can be divided into three parts: T21 (0∼10ms), T22 (10∼100ms), T23 (100∼1000ms). And the area of T21, T22, T23 represents the contents of constitutional water, immobilized water and free water. The addition of sorbitol can keep water during curing. The sorbitol can reduce the activity of the immobilized water and free water during curing of the fresh meat.

PENGARUH VARIASI LATIHAN METODE DRILL TERHADAP JUMP SERVE PADA ATLET PUTRA KLUB BOLA VOLI NUSANTARA DELI SERDANG TAHUN 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of training variations on the drill method on jump serve in male athletes of the Nusantara Volleyball Club in 2021. The drill method is an exercise that can help improve good movement towards jump serve in volleyball and in practice playing at the repetition time. serve jump movement, which is measured in an assessment of the jump serve movement. This research method is an experiment with a research time of 6 weeks, with training for 3 times a week. The number of samples is by random sampling of 12 athletes. All samples of athletes did the form of training that had been arranged in the training program and did a pre-test before training in the initial week and post-test after the end of training in the last week. Analysis of the hypothesis that is, the effect of variations in drill training methods on jump serve on male athletes of the Nusantara Deli Serdang volleyball club in 2021, obtained t-count 28.32 and t-table 1.796 at a significant level = 0.05 then t-count > t - table. Based on the test criteria, namely HO is rejected and Ha is accepted, this study states that there is a significant effect of variations in training methods on volleyball jumping athletes from the Deli Serdang archipelago in 2021.

Stability of MRI radiomic features according to various imaging parameters in fast scanned T2-FLAIR for acute ischemic stroke patients

From May 2015 to June 2016, data on 296 patients undergoing 1.5-Tesla MRI for symptoms of acute ischemic stroke were retrospectively collected. Conventional, echo-planar imaging (EPI) and echo train length (ETL)-T2-FLAIR were simultaneously obtained in 118 patients (first group), and conventional, ETL-, and repetition time (TR)-T2-FLAIR were simultaneously obtained in 178 patients (second group). A total of 595 radiomics features were extracted from one region-of-interest (ROI) reflecting the acute and chronic ischemic hyperintensity, and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of the radiomics features were calculated between the fast scanned and conventional T2-FLAIR for paired patients (1st group and 2nd group). Stabilities of the radiomics features were compared with the proportions of features with a CCC higher than 0.85, which were considered to be stable in the fast scanned T2-FLAIR. EPI-T2-FLAIR showed higher proportions of stable features than ETL-T2-FLAIR, and TR-T2-FLAIR also showed higher proportions of stable features than ETL-T2-FLAIR, both in acute and chronic ischemic hyperintensities of whole- and intersection masks (p < .002). Radiomics features in fast scanned T2-FLAIR showed variable stabilities according to the sequences compared with conventional T2-FLAIR. Therefore, radiomics features may be used cautiously in applications for feature analysis as their stability and robustness can be variable.

Evaluation of single bolus, dual-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI protocols in brain tumor patients

Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) obtained from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is adversely impacted by contrast agent leakage in brain tumors. Using simulations, we previously demonstrated that multi-echo DSC-MRI protocols provide improvements in contrast agent dosing, pulse sequence flexibility, and rCBV accuracy. The purpose of this study is to assess the in-vivo performance of dual-echo acquisitions in patients with brain tumors (n = 59). To verify pulse sequence flexibility, four single-dose dual-echo acquisitions were tested with variations in contrast agent dose, flip angle, and repetition time, and the resulting dual-echo rCBV was compared to standard single-echo rCBV obtained with preload (double-dose). Dual-echo rCBV was comparable to standard double-dose single-echo protocols (mean (standard deviation) tumor rCBV 2.17 (1.28) vs. 2.06 (1.20), respectively). High rCBV similarity was observed (CCC = 0.96), which was maintained across both flip angle (CCC = 0.98) and repetition time (CCC = 0.96) permutations, demonstrating that dual-echo acquisitions provide flexibility in acquisition parameters. Furthermore, a single dual-echo acquisition was shown to enable quantification of both perfusion and permeability metrics. In conclusion, single-dose dual-echo acquisitions provide similar rCBV to standard double-dose single-echo acquisitions, suggesting contrast agent dose can be reduced while providing significant pulse sequence flexibility and complementary tumor perfusion and permeability metrics.

Simultaneous Recording of the Uptake and Conversion of Glucose and Choline in Tumors by Deuterium Metabolic Imaging

Increased glucose and choline uptake are hallmarks of cancer. We investigated whether the uptake and conversion of [2H9]choline alone and together with that of [6,6′-2H2]glucose can be assessed in tumors via deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) after administering these compounds. Therefore, tumors with human renal carcinoma cells were grown subcutaneously in mice. Isoflurane anesthetized mice were IV infused in the MR magnet for ~20 s with ~0.2 mL solutions containing either [2H9]choline (0.05 g/kg) alone or together with [6,6′-2H2]glucose (1.3 g/kg). 2H MR was performed on a 11.7T MR system with a home-built 2H/1H coil using a 90° excitation pulse and 400 ms repetition time. 3D DMI was recorded at high resolution (2 × 2 × 2 mm) in 37 min or at low resolution (3.7 × 3.7 × 3.7 mm) in 2:24 min. Absolute tissue concentrations were calculated assuming natural deuterated water [HOD] = 13.7 mM. Within 5 min after [2H9]choline infusion, its signal appeared in tumor spectra representing a concentration increase to 0.3–1.2 mM, which then slowly decreased or remained constant over 100 min. In plasma, [2H9]choline disappeared within 15 min post-infusion, implying that its signal arises from tumor tissue and not from blood. After infusing a mixture of [2H9]choline and [6,6′-2H2]glucose, their signals were observed separately in tumor 2H spectra. Over time, the [2H9]choline signal broadened, possibly due to conversion to other choline compounds, [[6,6′-2H2]glucose] declined, [HOD] increased and a lactate signal appeared, reflecting glycolysis. Metabolic maps of 2H compounds, reconstructed from high resolution DMIs, showed their spatial tumor accumulation. As choline infusion and glucose DMI is feasible in patients, their simultaneous detection has clinical potential for tumor characterization.

Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Image Synthesis with Contrast-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks

A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam typically consists of the acquisition of multiple MR pulse sequences, which are required for a reliable diagnosis. With the rise of generative deep learning models, approaches for the synthesis of MR images are developed to either synthesize additional MR contrasts, generate synthetic data, or augment existing data for AI training. While current generative approaches allow only the synthesis of specific sets of MR contrasts, we developed a method to generate synthetic MR images with adjustable image contrast. Therefore, we trained a generative adversarial network (GAN) with a separate auxiliary classifier (AC) network to generate synthetic MR knee images conditioned on various acquisition parameters (repetition time, echo time, and image orientation). The AC determined the repetition time with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 239.6 ms, the echo time with an MAE of 1.6 ms, and the image orientation with an accuracy of 100%. Therefore, it can properly condition the generator network during training. Moreover, in a visual Turing test, two experts mislabeled 40.5% of real and synthetic MR images, demonstrating that the image quality of the generated synthetic and real MR images is comparable. This work can support radiologists and technologists during the parameterization of MR sequences by previewing the yielded MR contrast, can serve as a valuable tool for radiology training, and can be used for customized data generation to support AI training.

Reducing SAR in 7T brain fMRI by circumventing fat suppression while removing the lipid signal through a parallel acquisition approach

Ultra-high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers a way to new insights while increasing the spatial and temporal resolution. However, a crucial concern in 7T human MRI is the increase in power deposition, supervised through the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR limitation can restrict the brain coverage or the minimal repetition time of fMRI experiments. In the majority of today’s studies fMRI relies on the well-known gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (GRE-EPI) sequence, which offers ultrafast acquisition. Commonly, the GRE-EPI sequence comprises two pulses: fat suppression and excitation. This work provides the means for a significant reduction in the SAR by circumventing the fat-suppression pulse. Without this fat-suppression, however, lipid signal can result in artifacts due to the chemical shift between the lipid and water signals. Our approach exploits a reconstruction similar to the simultaneous-multi-slice method to separate the lipid and water images, thus avoiding undesired lipid artifacts in brain images. The lipid-water separation is based on the known spatial shift of the lipid signal, which can be detected by the multi-channel coils sensitivity profiles. Our study shows robust human imaging, offering greater flexibility to reduce the SAR, shorten the repetition time or increase the volume coverage with substantial benefit for brain functional studies.

Medical Application of Ultra-Wideband Technology

This chapter deals with the applications of ultra-wideband technology, especially for medical scope, and the most features and advantages that made it useful in this scope. Also, the chapter has been included with the most important medical applications of UWB technology. Ultra-wideband radar for angiography and UWB glucometer are the main applications which will be explained in this chapter. The exposure for safety aspects, the dielectric properties of human tissues, blood dielectric properties measurement using open-ended coaxial probe experiment to improve the blood image, and the ideal ultra-wideband pulses’ shape, width, and repetition time that are used for medical applications have been illustrated. Finally, the results (figures, tables, and experiment results), conclusions, and discussions have been mentioned.