Whether Superficial Abdominal Reflex is Affected by Subcostal Transverse Abdominal Incisions? A Prospective, Observational Early Experience

ABSTRACT Introduction: Superficial abdominal reflex (SAR) is an important part of the neurologic assessment. It is normally present and may be present or absent in various physiological as well as pathological conditions. The presence of an abdominal incision creates a dilemma in the mind of the clinician for it affecting this reflex. As there is no literature on this, we decided to study the effect of abdominal incisions on SAR. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, observational study. We evaluated the patients requiring transverse subcostal incision (range 3–12 cm) both preoperatively and postoperatively, for their abdominal reflexes. Patients with preoperative normal and symmetrical abdominal reflexes were included in the study. Postoperatively, we compared the change of SAR with the preoperative status and analyzed the data. Results: A total of 94 patients underwent surgeries, out of which 54 patients came under inclusion criteria, comprising 36 males and 18 females. Subcostal transverse abdominal incisions were made for surgeries including both gastrointestinal and ventriculoperitoneal shunts. SAR was found unaffected by the incisions in all patients. Conclusions: Although the study was small, subcostal transverse abdominal incisions were not found to affect SAR.

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Comparison of the Contamination Rate and Risk Factor Profile of Blood Culture Done in Emergency Department and MHDU/MICUs

Global Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.34257/mrcvol21is2pg1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dr. Pankaj Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Observational Study ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Contamination Rate ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Factors Associated

Aims and objectives: To determine the risk factors of blood culture contamination done in ED and those done in the MHDU/MICU among patients admitted with medical illness. Material and Methods: This is a two months’ prospective observational study comparing blood culture contamination rate and risk factors associated with contamination between ED and MICU/MHDU. A total of 998 patients were included in the study who underwent blood culture in ED and MICU/MHDU. 570 in ED and 428 in MICU/MHDU were included after meeting exclusion and inclusion criteria. Results: Blood culture growths were higher in ED (19%). Most common growth was CoNS (4%). The overall contamination rate in this study was (4.8%) The contamination rate was lower in ED (4.4%) when compared to MICU/MHDU (5.4%).

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Effect of Delay In Starting Adequate Treatment On Recovery Time Of Head And Neck Space Infections

Update Dental College Journal ◽

10.3329/updcj.v8i1.38411 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Sajid Hasan ◽

Saeed Hossain Khan ◽

Raihan Ul Arefin ◽

Mohammad Kamruzzaman

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Treatment Timing ◽

Space Infection ◽

Treat Ment

Aim: This prospective observational study was conducted to find out “delay of starting adequate treat- ment” as a prognosis predictor of head and neck space infections.Material and method:50 patients were selected purposively with inclusion criteria of presence of head and neck space infections. The exclusion criteria was presence of any other co-morbid diseases. After proper evaluation and diagnosis, adequate treatment was provided. Structured questioner method was used to collect data related to delay of starting of treatment and outcome of disease.Result: In this prospective observational study, caries was the most frequent cause of space infection. Time elapsed in between starting of symptoms and initiation of adequate treatment (timing of starting treatment) was 8.52(±6.689) days. This delay of starting treatment causing increased recovery time significantly (P= < 0.001 level). However, there was no correlation in between delay of starting treat- ment and number of involved space infection but later has impact on recovery time.Conclusion: Information about delay of starting treatment and number of involved spaces can be used as a prognosis predictor in HNSI.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2018; 8 (1): 41-44

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Clinical Outcomes of Pneumonia and Other Comorbidities in Children Aged 2-59 Months in Lilongwe, Malawi: Protocol for the Prospective Observational Study “Innovative Treatments in Pneumonia”

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/13377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e13377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amy Sarah Ginsburg ◽

Susanne May ◽

Evangelyn Nkwopara ◽

Gwen Ambler ◽

Eric D McCollum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Observational Study ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Standard Care ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

World Health ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Childhood Pneumonia ◽

District Hospitals

Background Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide among children below 5 years of age. Clinical trials are conducted to determine optimal treatment; however, these trials often exclude children with comorbidities and severe illness. Conclusions Given the paucity of data from Africa, African-based research is necessary to establish optimal management of childhood pneumonia in malaria-endemic settings in the region. An expanded evidence base that includes children with pneumonia and other comorbidities, who are at high risk for mortality or have other complications and are therefore typically excluded from childhood pneumonia clinical trials, can contribute to future iterations of the World Health Organization Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines. Methods The study enrolled 1000 children with pneumonia presenting to the outpatient departments of Kamuzu Central or Bwaila District Hospitals in Lilongwe, Malawi, who were excluded from concurrent randomized controlled clinical trials investigating fast breathing and chest indrawing pneumonia and who met the inclusion criteria for this prospective observational study. Each child received standard care for their illnesses per Malawian guidelines and hospital protocol and was prospectively followed up with scheduled study visits on days 1, 2 (if hospitalized), 6, 14 (in person), and 30 (by phone). Our primary objectives are to describe the clinical outcomes of children who meet the inclusion criteria for this study and to investigate whether the percentages of children cured at day 14 among those with either fast breathing or chest indrawing pneumonia and comorbidities such as severe malaria, anemia, severe acute malnutrition, or HIV are lower than those in children without these comorbidities in the standard care groups in concurrent clinical trials. This study was approved by the Western Institutional Review Board, Malawi College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee, and the Malawi Pharmacy, Medicines and Poisons Board. Objective This prospective observational study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes of children aged 2-59 months with both pneumonia and other comorbidities in a malaria-endemic region of Malawi. Results The Innovative Treatments in Pneumonia project was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1105080) in April 2014. Enrollment in this study began in 2016, and the primary results are expected in 2019. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/13377

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