Chapter 8. Cities During World War II and in the Postwar Period, 1941–1952

2014 ◽  
pp. 485-553
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War

scholarly journals Postwar Canadian Academic Libraries, 1945–60

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Lorne D. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
World War ◽  
National Review ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Academic Librarianship ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
College Library

This article undertakes a historical survey of university and college library developments in Canada between 1945 and 1960. It examines contemporary accounts in relation to library architecture, the acquisition and organization of collections, administrative library structures and staffing, services for faculty and students, and efforts by librarians to realize professional standing. A national review of academic libraries and librarianship expands our knowledge beyond the typical themes applied to this era: "growth" and "progress." The architectural redefinition of libraries, the impetus to establish research collections, the maturation of academic librarianship, and the increasing complexity of library operations were prominent features in the postwar period. The gradual evolution of academic libraries towards more-uniform organizational purposes and structures on a national basis following World War II can be considered a period of “midcentury modernization” that preceded the more memorable and better documented decades of the 1960s and later.

Who Was “Hitler” Before Hitler? Historical Analogies and the Struggle to Understand Nazism, 1930–1945

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-281
Author(s):  
Gavriel D. Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
World War ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Analogy ◽  
Nazi Era

AbstractSince the turn of the millennium, major political figures around the world have been routinely compared to Adolf Hitler. These comparisons have increasingly been investigated by scholars, who have sought to explain their origins and assess their legitimacy. This article sheds light on this ongoing debate by examining an earlier, but strikingly similar, discussion that transpired during the Nazi era itself. Whereas commentators today argue about whether Hitler should be used as a historical analogy, observers in the 1930s and 1940s debated which historical analogies should be used to explain Hitler. During this period, Anglophone and German writers identified a diverse group of historical villains who, they believed, explained the Nazi threat. The figures spanned a wide range of tyrants, revolutionaries, and conquerors. But, by the end of World War II, the revelation of the Nazis' unprecedented crimes exposed these analogies as insufficient and led many commentators to flee from secular history to religious mythology. In the process, they identified Hitler as Western civilization's new archetype of evil and turned him into a hegemonic analogy for the postwar period. By explaining how earlier analogies struggled to make sense of Hitler, we can better understand whether Hitler analogies today are helping or hindering our effort to understand contemporary political challenges.

The Nation as Family

2021 ◽  
pp. 622-636
Author(s):  
Nobuko Anan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Normal Family ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
World War ◽  
Critical Relation ◽  
Pre World War Ii

This chapter examines mother-child love linked to love for the nation within two Japanese plays. In Rio Kishida’s Thread Hell (1984), a pre–World War II silk factory represents the Japanese Empire, where a mother and her daughter are manipulated by the nation. However, they eventually challenge this symbolic realm that forces women to sustain the national lineage through their reproductive function. In Hideki Noda’s MIWA (2015), a homosexual transvestite’s relationship with his mother in the postwar period is depicted. As resistance to heteronormative ideas about family, and the nation as its extension, he commits matricide, but this leads to his melancholia as he cannot fully give up his desire to belong to a “normal” family and nation. These plays explore the ways individuals develop a critical relation to the nation by reconfiguring their love for their mother.

Literary Sidelights on Wartime Brisbane

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Patricia Clarke
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
General Information ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

There have been several anecdotal accounts of the literary scene in Brisbane during World War II and numerous references in more general works. In 2000,Queensland Reviewpublished some reminiscences of writers Estelle Runcie Pinney, Don Munro, Val Vallis and David Rowbotham, under the title ‘Writing in Brisbane during the Second World War’. Some of the more important general works include Judith Wright's ‘Brisbane in Wartime’, Lynne Strahan's history ofMeanjinand Judith Armstrong's biographical work on the Christesens,The Christesen Romance. My interest in this subject arose from editing Judith Wright's autobiography,Half a Lifetime, published in 1999, and recently in editing, with her daughter, letters between Judith Wright and Jack McKinney which were mainly written in Brisbane in the later years of the war and the immediate postwar period. Initially my purpose was to gather information to elucidate people or events mentioned in these writings, but my interest widened to embrace more general information about the period. My research led me to the conclusion thatMeanjinand its editor Clem Christesen were catalysts for many of the literary activities in Brisbane during World War II, not just among resident Australians, but among troops temporarily stationed in Brisbane — particularly Americans, whom Christesen cultivated and published. This article records a few glimpses of literary life in Brisbane, and incidentally in the rest of the country, during a period described by Patrick Buckridge as never having been researched ‘in enough detail’.

scholarly journals An Unforgettable Ordeal: Chinese ‘Comfort Women’ in World War II

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Xie ◽  
Emily Kraeck
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Women Survivors ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Comfort Women ◽  
World War ◽  
International Support ◽  
Shame Culture ◽  
Redress Movement

Using methods including analyzing firsthand testimonies, images, and secondary sources, this paper explores the multiple factors that resulted in the silence of Chinese comfort women survivors in both wartime and the postwar period: shame culture, patrichy, and lack of political and cultural support for comfort women. Due to both patriarchy and related shame culture and a lack of political, cultural, and international support for survivors, few Chinese women spoke up about their experience within the comfort women system prior to the redress movement beginning in 1991; in the 1990s, societal and government support for comfort women increased, leading many comfort women to not only share their experiences but seek justice in the process. To begin, this paper provides an overview of essential historical context, including Japanese colonialism, the establishment of “comfort women” systems, Chinese comfort womens’ suffering, and the post-war struggles and ongoing plight of victims and survivors. Next, this paper argues that due to shame, culture and patriarchy; the lack of political, cultural, and international support for comfort women; and the mental and physical trauma that they experienced, comfort women survivors refused to speak up or seek justice for decades during and after World War II. Finally, this paper investigates key differences between the Cultural Revolution and redress movement, analyzing why comfort women spoke out during the latter period but largely remained silent during the postwar period from 1945 to 1990. 

Dimensions of the American Art Market

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Ekelund ◽  
John D. Jackson ◽  
Robert D. Tollison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Art Education ◽  
Abstract Expressionism ◽  
American Art ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
Alfred Stieglitz

Chapter 2 discusses the long evolution of the market for American art in a brief synopsis of key developments along the way. It explains the early marketing of American art, the romance of collectors with Old Masters, the shift in art education of Americans to Europe (especially Paris and Munich) and the ultimate development of a “unique” American art at the turn of the nineteenth century—involving the mix of European modernism with American influences of the “ashcan” artists and the American modernism sponsored by Alfred Stieglitz. Finally, the shift from pre–World War II art to abstract expressionism and contemporary styles is explained as the result of politics in the postwar period. The chapter includes dichotomized lists of eighty prominent American artists—those born prior to 1900 and those born 1900 through 1960.

American Children’s Cookbooks as Scenes of Instruction

Table Lands ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Kara K. Keeling ◽  
Scott T. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Food Technology ◽  
World War ◽  
Frozen Foods ◽  
Young Girls

This chapter tracks US children’s cookbooks over 150 years, showing how adults’ expectations change based on shifting ideologies of child capability. The essay analyzes cookbooks from three periods: 19th century, mid-20th century, and late 20th to the 21st century. The nineteenth-century housebooks deploy literary tropes (story) to foster agency, focusing on preparing young girls for taking on kitchen and household duties. In the period after World War II, children’s cookbooks transform cooking into an extension of play, reducing childhood agency significantly, a development that mirrors the disempowerment of women in the kitchen through advances in food technology (frozen foods, boxed foods) in the postwar period. Contemporary children’s cookbooks match what Warren Belasco calls the “countercuisine” and the resultant foodie culture: these texts re-empower child cooks with agency in a world that is much more aware of organic, sustainable practices and the downsides of industrial foods.

Victory, Roosevelt’s Synthesis, and the Postwar World, 1944–1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-238
Author(s):  
David F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
United Nations ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
World War ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The success of the D-Day landing on June 6, 1944 began the last stage of World War II that culminated in victory in Europe in May 1945 and Asia in August 1945. While Roosevelt did not live to see the final victories, his actions in 1944 and early 1945 shaped much of the postwar period. The month after the landings at Normandy beach, forty-four nations met at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire where they established the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In August, delegates from around the world gathered at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington to begin the establishment of the United Nations. In February, 1945, the Big Three met again at Yalta to plan for the end of the war, occupation of Germany, and postwar peace.

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