Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. ACI.S5948b
Author(s):  
Sabah Shiri ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Ali Haeri ◽  
Abdolhossein Poornajaf ◽  
Babak Golzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Alizarin Yellow ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Almost All

The present study describes a simple and highly selective method for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of lead. It is based on flotation of a complex of Pb2+ ions and Alizarin yellow between aqueous and n-hexane interface at pH = 6. The proposed procedure is also applied for determination of lead in both tap water and prepared sea water samples. Beer's Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 3.86 × 10-8 To 8.20 × 10-7 molL-1 (8-170 ngmL-1) with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.33 × 106 molL-1 cm-1 for a 100 mL aliquot of the water sample. The detection limit (n = 10) was 8.7 × 10-9 molL-1 (1.0 ngmL-1) and the Relative standard deviation (R.S.D), (n = 10) for 7.2 × 10-7 molL-1 (150 ngmL-1) of Pb (II) was 4.36%. A notable advantage of the method is that the determination of Pb (II) is free from the interference of almost all cations and ions found in the environment and waste water samples. The determination of Pb (II) in tap and synthetic seawater samples was also carried out by the present method. The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed to the real samples.

scholarly journals Determination of Trace Amounts of Lead Using the Flotation-spectrophotometric method

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. ACI.S5948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Shiri ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Ali Haeri ◽  
Abdolhossein Poornajaf ◽  
Babak Golzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Alizarin Yellow ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Almost All

The present study describes a simple and highly selective method for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of extremely low concentrations of lead. It is based on flotation of a complex of Pb2+ ions and Alizarin yellow between aqueous and n-hexane interface at pH = 6. The proposed procedure is also applied for determination of lead in both tap water and prepared sea water samples. Beer's Law was obeyed over the concentration range of 3.86 × 10−8 To 8.20 × 10−7 molL−1 (8-170 ngmL−1) with an apparent molar absorptivity of 1.33 × 106 molL−1 cm−1 for a 100 mL aliquot of the water sample. The detection limit (n = 10) was 8.7 × 10−9 molL−1 (1.0 ngmL−1) and the Relative standard deviation (R.S.D), (n = 10) for 7.2 × 10−7 molL−1 (150 ngmL−1) of Pb (II) was 4.36%. A notable advantage of the method is that the determination of Pb (II) is free from the interference of almost all cations and ions found in the environment and waste water samples. The determination of Pb (II) in tap and synthetic seawater samples was also carried out by the present method. The results were satisfactorily comparable so that the applicability of the proposed method was confirmed to the real samples.

Synthesis and Application of p-Carboxyarsenazo for Spectrophotometric Determination of Cu(II) in Environment Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Gao ◽  
Yan Hua Li ◽  
Sheng Jie Chen ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Yuan Fang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Color Reagent

p-Carboxyarsenazo (CASA) color reagent was synthesized by simple diazotization reaction, and the chromomeric reaction between CASA with Cu(Ⅱ) has been studied by spectrophotometry. In pH=4.6 NaAc-HAc buffer solution, Cu(Ⅱ) reacted with CASA to form a red complex and exhibits an absorption maximum at 614 nm, Beer’s law is obeyed for 0-160 μg/L of copper in solution, the apparent molar absorptivity obtained is 1.57×104 L/(mol.cm), and the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) is 1.6%. The proposed method exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for Cu(Ⅱ). The results obtained by this method in the determination of environment water samples were accurate, sensitive and repeatable

scholarly journals A New Spectrophotometric Method for Hydrogen Sulphide Through Electrolytically Generated Mn(III) WithO-Tolidine

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Suresha ◽  
Mansour S. Abdul Galil ◽  
Mahadevaiah ◽  
M. A. Sathish ◽  
M. S. Yogendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Orange Yellow ◽  
Relative Standard

A simple, sensitive and economical spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydrogen sulphide is developed. The method is based on a redox reaction in that Mn(III) generated electrolytically is taken in excess, which is oxidizing a known but a less quantity of hydrogen sulphide and the unreacted oxidant will oxidize furthero-tolidine to produce an orange yellow quinonediimine absorbing cation (λ max. 455 nm). Therefore, in principle, the decrease in color intensity of the absorbing system is proportional to the concentration of hydrogen sulphide. The stoichiometry between Mn(III) ando-tolidine and stability constant of the complex were determined by Job's continuous method, the corresponding values were found to be 2:1 and 1.42X105Lmol-1. The system was obeying Lambert-Beer's law in the range 0.2-1.4 μg mL-1of hydrogen sulphide. Molar absorptivity, correlation coefficient and Sandell's sensitivity values were also calculated and found to be 4.2062X103L mol-1cm-1, 0.999 and 0.0012 μg cm-2respectively. The method was employed for the determination of hydrogen sulphide in water samples. The results obtained were reproducible with acceptable standard deviation 0.01-0.068 and relative standard deviation, less than 3.21%. For a comparison, hydrogen sulphide present in water samples were also determined separately following the methylene blue official method. The results of the proposed method compare well with the official method.

scholarly journals Determination of the fenvalerate insecticide in natural waters by a photochemically-induced fluorescence method

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diène Diégane Thiaré ◽  
Atanasse Coly ◽  
Diégane Sarr ◽  
Abdourakhmane Khonté ◽  
Amadou Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Photochemically Induced Fluorescence ◽  
Relative Standard

<p>The fenvalerate pyrethroid insecticide was determined in various types of natural waters of Senegal by means of a newly-developed, simple, rapid and very sensitive photochemically-induced fluorescence (PIF) method. The PIF method was optimized with respect to the irradiation time, solvent and pH. The obtained calibration curves yielded correlation coefficients very close to unity. The limit of detection (LOD) and of quantification (LOQ) values were very low (LOD = 0.01–0.66 ng/ml and LOQ = 0.04–2.20 ng/ml, according to the solvent), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values were small, ranging between 0.1 and 1.5 %, which indicated a very good analytical sensitivity and a great repeatability of PIF. Recovery studies were performed on spiked distilled water, tap water, sea water, well water, river water and draining water samples of Senegal, using the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and standard addition procedures. Satisfactory recovery results (about 85–121%) were obtained for the determination of fenvalerate in an aquatic environment.</p>

scholarly journals A Fluorimetric Method Based on an Imidazole Compound for Cu2+ Determination in Tap Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zafer Ocak
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
External Calibration ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Sensor Properties ◽  
Detection And Quantification ◽  
Imidazole Compound

Ion sensor properties of 4-(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (L) in acetonitrile-water (1 : 1) were evaluated by fluorescence spectrometry. Pronounced quenching in the fluorescence spectra of the ligand was only observed for the Cu2+ ion among many metal ions. Linear fluorescence responses of the ligand at 360 nm as the function of the Cu2+ concentration were used for the determination of the Cu2+ ion in spiked tap water samples. Recovery values (R%) were satisfactory, and relative standard deviation (RSD%) was below 5.00 in intraday and interday measurements. Detection and quantification limits were 0.28 and 0.84 μg/L, respectively. The assay based on external calibration only took a few minutes.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Multiresidue Determination of Priority Herbicides when Using Solid-Phase Microextraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra A Lambropoulou ◽  
Ioannis K Konstantinou ◽  
Triantafyllos A Albanis
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Relative Standard

Abstract A solid-phase microextracton (SPME) procedure was developed for the determination of 10 selected organonitrogen herbicides (s-ethyl dibropylthiocarbamate [EPTC], molinate, propachlor, trifluralin, simazine, atrazine, propazine, terbuthylazine, alachlor, and prometryn) and was tested with various natural waters. Gas chromatography coupled with flame thermionic and mass spectrometric detection was used for quantitation. For this purpose, polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate fibers were used and the factors affecting the SPME process such as pH, ionic strength, methanol content, memory effect, stirring rate, and adsorption-time profile were investigated and optimized. By using spiked liquid chromatography water, optimal factors were determined to be 25% salt, &lt;0.5% methanol, stirring rate of 960 rpm, pH 4, and an equilibrium time of 30 min. These conditions were used in further studies of the fibers and in analysis of natural water samples. The method was applied to spiked natural waters such as ground water, sea water, lake water, and river water at a concentration range of 0.5–10 μg/L. Limits of detection ranged from 5 to 90 ng/L, and precision ranged from 5 to 15% (as relative standard deviation), depending on the pesticide, fiber, and detector used. The recoveries of herbicides were 70.2–118.4%, and the average r2 values of the calibration curves were &gt;0.99 for all analytes. The results demonstrate the suitability of the SPME method to determine these organonitrogen herbicides in various natural waters. River water samples originating from the Epirus region (Northwestern Greece) were analyzed to verify the performance of the optimized method by comparing the results obtained by SPME with those obtained by using conventional solid-phase extraction of the selected herbicides.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Bismuth(III) with Arsenazo(III) Reagent in Water samples and Veterinary Preparation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 986-996
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Arsenazo Iii ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Composite Mixture

A simple , sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method for the trace determination of bismuth (III) has been developed .This method is based on the reaction of bismuth (III) with arsenazo(III) in acid solution (pH=1.9) to form a blue water soluble complex which exhibits maximum absorption at 612nm .Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range of 2-85 ?g bismuth (III) in a final volume of 20 mL( i.e. 0.1 – 4.25?g.mL-1) with a correlation coefficient of (0.9981) and molar absorptivity 1.9×104 L.mol-1.cm-1 . The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.0633 and 0.0847 ?g.mL-1 , respectively . Under optimum conditions,the stoichiometry of the reaction between bismuth (III) and arsenazo(III) reagent was found to be 1:2. The recoveries were obtained in the range of 98.9 - 100.0% and a relative standard deviation of ±0.59 to ±2.73% depending on the concentration level of bismuth. The effect of interferences by a number of common cations and anions in the presence of composite mixture has been studied .The proposed method has been applied successfully for determination of bismuth in water samples and veterinary preparation .

scholarly journals Determination of OCPs and PCBs in environmental water samples by GC-DLLME optimized by Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (46) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Dekun Hou ◽  
Otgonbayar Khureldavaa ◽  
Fujin Zhang ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
Badgaa Amarsanaa
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Relative Standard

A new sample preparation procedure to determine seven organochlorine pesticides and seven polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental water samples by using a combination of ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction was established, and the extracted analytes were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector. Some parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized utilizing response surface methodology. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the method showed wide linear ranges with r2 > 0.9989 and low limits of detection and quantification between 0.16 ~ 2.17 μg/L and 0.53 ~ 7.16 μg/L, respectively. Enrichment factors (EF) were high and ranged from 63 to 116. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the extraction of 25 μg/L of each selected OCPs and PCBs were less than 10.2 %. The proposed method was successfully used for targets contaminations determination in different water samples. α-HCH, β-HCH and p,p’-DDE were found in lake water closed to farmland with concentrations of 2.56 μg/L, 4.44 μg/L and 4.74 μg/L, respectively, and other OCPs and PCBs were not found in the corresponding water samples. The relative recoveries of OCPs and PCBs from tap water, river water and lake water at spiking levels of 10 μg/L were in the range of 81.9 ~ 109.7 %, within a relative standard deviation of 1.7 ~ 11.8 %. The results revealed that the proposed method was well suited for the determination of trace amounts of target contaminations in liquid samples.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

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