Steer performance grazing hybrid bromegrass pastures

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Thompson ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
B. E. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Producers in Saskatchewan require grazing information on new grass cultivars to improve production and quality of existing forage stands. Animal data are ultimately needed to validate the performance of these new varieties under grazed conditions. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted (2000–2001) to determine steer performance and species utilization when grazing crested wheatgrass (Agropyron pectiniforme R. & S.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) compared to hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis) pasture on an Orthic Black soil in east central Saskatchewan. Weight gain (kg d-1) was greater (P < 0.05) for steers grazing hybrid bromegrass pasture than crested wheatgrass pasture in the first year. However, in 2001, steers grazing crested wheatgrass pastures had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than those grazing other pasture types. Total beef production (TBF) was greatest in both years (160 and 185 kg ha-1) from the hybrid bromegrass pastures. The greatest (P < 0.05) animal grazing days (AGD) were observed on hybrid bromegrass pastures. These results suggest that AC Knowles hybrid bromegrass is a suitable species for pasture use in Saskatchewan. Key words: Grazing, utilization, steer, grass pasture

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF WILD-GROWING FORMS OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS WHEN USING IN BREEDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
M.V. Derevyannikova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Chumakova ◽  
V.F. Chumakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Selection Of

The practice of using wild-growing material in the breeding of forage crops has long been recognized as a relevant and effective method for creating new varieties. The purpose of the research was to assess wild-growing samples of the crested wheatgrass and isolate genetic sources of economically valuable traits for breeding in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2017–2020. The material of the study – 22 wild specimens of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron pectiniforme Roem. et Shult.) of various ecological and geographical origin. The crested wheatgrass variety ‘Vikrav’ served as the standard. During the years of study, meteorological conditions were extremely dry. The assessment of the samples was carried out according to the guidelines for the selection of perennial cereal grasses. The experiment was laid on bare fallow, plot area – 3 m2. Sowing and maintenance work were carried out manually. On average, for three years (2018–2020), the yield of green mass of the studied samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.94 kg/m2; dry – from 0.07 to 0.38 kg/m2; seeds – from 0.015 to 0.070 kg/m2. Samples from Ukraine (d.d. 28, 30), Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were more productive in terms of fodder weight. In terms of seed productivity, in the first year, wild samples from Aktobe (d. 5) and Chelyabinsk regions (d. 31), from Ukraine (d. 25) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 34 and 37) were distinguished. In the second year of herbage use – from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d.d. 35 and 37). In the third year of use, no significant excess over the standard was found. On average, over three years of use, wild specimens d. 31, d. 34, and d. 37 exceeded the standard in seed yield by 0.020-0.033 kg/m2. Wild specimens from the Chelyabinsk region (d. 31) and Kazakhstan (d. 34) were isolated according to the complex of valuable characteristics for use in breeding in the Stavropol Territory.

scholarly journals The influence of harvest management and fertilizers on herbage yields of cool-season grasses grown in the Aspen Parkland of northeastern Saskatchewan

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bittman ◽  
D. H. McCartney ◽  
P. R. Horton ◽  
M. Hiltz ◽  
W. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Aspen Parkland ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
The Impact

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of harvest and fertilizer management on the herbage yield of various grass cultivars grown in the Aspen Parkland region of northeastern Saskatchewan. A series of three experiments were set out: site 1 at Pathlow, Gray Luvisolic soil, 1980; site 2 at Melfort, Deep Black Chernozemic soil, 1979; and site 3 at Pathlow, 1986. At site 1, the design was a split-split plot with fertilizer treatments as mainplots (unfertilized and fertilized, initially with 11N-22P kg ha−1 incorporated 5 cm into soil and thereafter, 50N-13P kg ha−1 broadcast each year). Ten grass cultivars were seeded as subplots and harvest systems as subsubplots (two-cut and four-cut). At site 2 Melfort, the experimental design was similar to site 1, but without the fertilizer treatments. Fertilizer was applied to all plots at the same rates as site 1. At site 3, Pathlow, 14 grass cultivars were seeded with the same experimental design as site 2, but 10 kg S ha−1 was applied each year with the N and P fertilizer. At site 1 Pathlow, the only experiment with the unfertilized control, fertilizer increased the average herbage yield to 2.47 t ha−1 from 1.42 t ha−1 for unfertilized control plots. Frequent cutting (four-cut system) showed reduced annual yields of 1.70, 5.28 and 1.93 t ha−1 compared with 2.19, 7.08, and 2.87 t ha−1 (two-cut system), respectively, for sites 1, 2 (5-yr period) and 3 (7-yr period). A greater response to fertilizer was observed with the 2-cut system, 1.19 t ha−1, than with the four-cut system, 0.91 t ha−1, which resulted in a fertilizer × cutting management interaction at site 1. With some exceptions, most of the species were not significantly different in ranking based on herbage yield over the three test sites, but meadow bromegrass [Bromus biebersteinii (Roem & Schult.)] ranked higher in yield on the less fertile Pathlow Gray Wooded soil sites than on the more fertile Melfort Deep Black soil site. Crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) ranked high in herbage yield at all three sites. Crested wheatgrass, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass, the most commonly grown species in Saskatchewan, yielded well under the simulated hay and pasture conditions. Other cultivars such as Clarke intermediate wheatgrass [(Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski], Elbee northern wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatur (Scribn. and Smith)] and Lodorm green needlegrass (Stripa viridula Trin.) should be considered for pasture and hay by farmers and ranchers in northern Saskatchewan. Key words: Grass, harvest management, pasture, hay, fertilizer

Success hybrid bromegrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Forage Yields ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Success hybrid bromegrass was selected from populations produced by backcrossing smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with hybrid populations resulting from crosses between meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth bromegrass. Success has a unique array of plant characteristics, some similar to meadow bromegrass, and others more similar to smooth bromegrass; overall, it more closely resembles smooth brome. In regional trials in the prairie provinces of western Canada, Success produced forage yields greater than meadow brome, but lower than smooth bromegrass. In the drier brown soil zone of the prairie provinces, Success was superior to both meadow and smooth bromegrass in forage yield. It was superior to smooth bromegrass in regrowth after cutting and had lower concentrations of acid-detergent fiber than meadow bromegrass. Key words: Hybrid bromegrass, Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis, cultivar description

Productivity, and composition of smooth and meadow bromegrass mixtures with alfalfa under frequent cutting management

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pearen ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Tiller Density

The value of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures for pastures in central Alberta is limited by poor seasonal distribution of yield and low alfalfa persistence. Regrowth of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) exceeds that of smooth bromegrass. The effect of these grasses on yield, seasonal distribution and sward composition when grown in mixtures with alfalfa was evaluated. The DM yield of binary mixtures of Carlton or Manchar smooth bromegrass, or Regar meadow bromegrass with Peace or Beaver alfalfa was examined under a four-cut system at three sites in central Alberta for 3 yr. Annual yield was similar at all sites. Alfalfa cultivar did not consistently affect yield, but annual yield of meadow bromegrass-mixtures was 9 to 19% higher than mixture containing smooth bromegrass at Lacombe. Summer and fall production of meadow bromegrass mixtures was 18 to 53% and 40 to 69% greater (P ≤ 0.0001) than smooth bromegrass mixtures. Tiller weight of smooth bromegrass equalled or exceeded that of meadow bromegrass, so superior regrowth of meadow bromegrass mixtures was due to higher tiller density. Over 3 yr, annual yield of the alfalfa component was similar in smooth bromegrass- and meadow bromegrass mixtures, but alfalfa yield decreased (P ≤ 0.0001) 43 to 70% due to dramatic declines in alfalfa stem density. Competition from the associated grass and frequent defoliation reduced alfalfa longevity. Key words: Smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., mixtures, pasture, sward structure

Short Communication: Etiolated growth of hybrid bromegrass (Bromus inermis×B. riparius) compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under grazed or nongrazed conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
C. I. Ward ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Ward, C. I., Lardner, H. A. and Jefferson, P. G. 2012. Short Communication: Etiolated growth of hybrid bromegrass ( Bromus inermis × B. riparius ) compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under grazed or nongrazed conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 441–445. Etiolated spring regrowth of hybrid bromegrass was compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under beef steer (Bos taurus) grazed or nongrazed conditions in the previous season over 2 yr in 2006 and 2007. Hybrid bromegrass seeded in 2003 had greater energy reserves than old crested wheatgrass (control) and similar reserves to tall fescue and crested wheatgrass. Hybrid bromegrass can be grazed in similar systems as meadow bromegrass and be expected to maintain sufficient energy reserves for spring growth.

Knowles hybrid bromegrass

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Knowles was selected from hybrid populations resulting from crosses between meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.). It has a unique array of plant characteristics, some similar to meadow bromegrass, and others more similar to smooth bromegrass. In regional trials, Knowles produced hay yields greater than meadow brome, but lower than smooth bromegrass. It was superior to smooth bromegrass in regrowth after cutting. For steer grazing performance, Knowles was equal or superior to its parental species, perhaps due to its lower fiber concentrations at vegetative growth stages. Key words: Hybrid bromegrass, Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis, cultivar description

scholarly journals PSIV-B-28 Late-Breaking: Performance and carcass quality of Nelore bull’s progenies with contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
Taiane S Martins ◽  
Juliana Silva ◽  
Lenise Mueller ◽  
Tamyres Amorim ◽  
Annelise Aila G Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Nelore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance and the carcass traits of Nelore cattle progenies from bulls selected by contrasting traits for precocity, growth and muscularity, through the Expected Progeny Difference (EPD). One hundred and five Nelore bulls (initial weight of 350kg±15kg) and 20 months of age were confined and fed with same diet (73% of concentrate). Thirty-two animals were selected to create the contrasting groups for precocity, growth and muscularity (16 animals assigned as a low EPD group - LEPD and 16 animals assigned as a high EPD group - HEPD), based on the EPD of their parents. The ribeye area and backfat thickness were performed by ultrasonography of 12–13th rib fat thickness and longissimus muscle area (LMA), as well as rump fat thickness (RF) measurements. Animals were harvested after 100 days and during the deboning, meat cuts were weight for cutting yield. The animals selected for the HEPD group had greater average daily gain (P = 0.006), which can be explained by the higher feed intake (P = 0.006). However, there are no difference between groups for the final body weight (P = 0.254) and feed efficiency (P = 0.715). The LEPD group presented higher dressing percentage (P = 0.028). Although the groups evaluated did not presented difference in LMA (P = 0.329) and weight of longissimus muscle (P = 0.480), the weight of rump displayed heaviest in the HEPD (P = 0.037). There was no difference between groups for RF (P = 0.086). Nevertheless, backfat thickness was higher in HEPD group (P = 0.006). The present study indicates that Nelore cattle progenies, with parents displaying higher potential for precocity, growth, and muscularity, show greater backfat thickness and weightiest of rump than the other genetic backgrounds. Thanks to FAPESP for the scholarship (Grant # 2017/02349–1).

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community, and Meat Quality of Holstein-Friesians Bulls Slaughtered at Different Ages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Xinjun Qiu ◽  
Zhantao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Slaughter Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesians bulls (17 months of age) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three energy levels (LE, ME and HE; metabolizable energy is 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg, respectively) of diets, and three slaughter ages (20, 23 and 26 months). Results indicated that bulls fed with ME and HE diets had higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and dressing percentage at 23 or 26 months of age. The ME and HE diets also reduced bacterial diversity, altered relative abundances of bacteria and produced lower concentrations of acetate, but higher butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid. Increasing in dietary energy and slaughter age increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) and water holding capacity. In summary, Holstein-Friesians bulls fed with ME and HE diets, slaughtered at 23 and 26 months of age could be a good choice to produce beef with high IMF. Slaughter age may have less influence than dietary energy in altering fermentation by increasing amylolytic bacteria and decreasing cellulolytic bacteria, and thus, further affecting meat quality.

Parent-offspring regression in meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.): Evaluation of two methodologies on heritability estimates

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-127
Author(s):  
Marcelo R. A. de Araujo ◽  
B. E. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Covariance Analysis ◽  
Regression Estimate ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Analysis Error ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

To determine the nature and extent of inflation of estimates of heritabilities by parent-offspring regression methods, 40 clones of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and their half-sib progenies were studied in completely randomized block design trials, with six replications in Saskatoon and Melfort, Canada. Clones and progenies were evaluated for dry matter yield, seed yield, plant height, fertility index and harvest index. The results of the analysis showed a consistent inflation of heritability estimates derived from the simple parent-offspring regression, when compared to the regression estimate by variance-covariance analysis. The two methods successfully removed the environmental covariances from the estimates. However, in the simple regression analysis, error covariance was not removed from the numerat or; therefore, heritabilities estimated by this methodology were higher than those estimated by the variance-covariance method. It was concluded that estimates derived from variance-covariance analysis provide less biased estimates of heritability. Key words: Regression analysis, heritability, meadow bromegrass

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