Success hybrid bromegrass

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Forage Yields ◽  
Prairie Provinces

Success hybrid bromegrass was selected from populations produced by backcrossing smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) with hybrid populations resulting from crosses between meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth bromegrass. Success has a unique array of plant characteristics, some similar to meadow bromegrass, and others more similar to smooth bromegrass; overall, it more closely resembles smooth brome. In regional trials in the prairie provinces of western Canada, Success produced forage yields greater than meadow brome, but lower than smooth bromegrass. In the drier brown soil zone of the prairie provinces, Success was superior to both meadow and smooth bromegrass in forage yield. It was superior to smooth bromegrass in regrowth after cutting and had lower concentrations of acid-detergent fiber than meadow bromegrass. Key words: Hybrid bromegrass, Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis, cultivar description

Knowles hybrid bromegrass

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Knowles was selected from hybrid populations resulting from crosses between meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.). It has a unique array of plant characteristics, some similar to meadow bromegrass, and others more similar to smooth bromegrass. In regional trials, Knowles produced hay yields greater than meadow brome, but lower than smooth bromegrass. It was superior to smooth bromegrass in regrowth after cutting. For steer grazing performance, Knowles was equal or superior to its parental species, perhaps due to its lower fiber concentrations at vegetative growth stages. Key words: Hybrid bromegrass, Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis, cultivar description

Productivity and sustainability of four grazed grass – alfalfa mixtures

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Holt ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Forage Yields

Forage grasses need to be evaluated in pasture trials in the Great Plains region of North America. The objective of this study was to compare four grass–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures for productivity and persistence when grazed during spring and summer. The grasses were Altai wildrye (Leymus angustus [Trin.] Pilger), intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia [Host] Nevski), meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm. syn. B. biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys junceus [Fisch.] Nevski), with grass rows seeded perpendicular to the alfalfa rows. Two sites, 4 km apart, were grazed with yearling beef cattle from 1987 to 1993. Forage yield differed among grass treatments in 4 of 5 years, but differences were inconsistent over time. Five-year mean forage yields and total livestock production were not significantly different among the four grasses. Mean annual forage yields ranged from 800 to 8170 kg ha−1 and were related to the amount of growing season (April–August) precipitation. Carrying capacity ranged from 35 steer grazing days per hectare in 1992 to 176 in 1991. Grasses in the mixtures did have a significant effect on the grass–alfalfa ratio and on ground cover. Alfalfa content was highest when grown with Altai wildrye and lowest when grown with Russian wildrye. Percentage of ground cover by the grass plus alfalfa increased from an average of 3.8% in 1987 to 16.1% at one site and 31.9% at the second site by 1993. Russian wildrye contained the least alfalfa and weeds after 7 yr. Intermediate wheatgrass and Altai wildrye did not compete with invading weeds at one site, or with alfalfa at the other, and should not be recommended for spring–summer pastures in semiarid regions. Meadow bromegrass maintained a balance of grass and alfalfa and further research should confirm its persistence in semiarid climates. Key words: Leymus angustus, Elytrigia intermedia, Bromus riparius, Psathyrostachys junceus, Medicago sativa, grazing with cattle

Productivity, and composition of smooth and meadow bromegrass mixtures with alfalfa under frequent cutting management

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pearen ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Tiller Density

The value of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures for pastures in central Alberta is limited by poor seasonal distribution of yield and low alfalfa persistence. Regrowth of meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) exceeds that of smooth bromegrass. The effect of these grasses on yield, seasonal distribution and sward composition when grown in mixtures with alfalfa was evaluated. The DM yield of binary mixtures of Carlton or Manchar smooth bromegrass, or Regar meadow bromegrass with Peace or Beaver alfalfa was examined under a four-cut system at three sites in central Alberta for 3 yr. Annual yield was similar at all sites. Alfalfa cultivar did not consistently affect yield, but annual yield of meadow bromegrass-mixtures was 9 to 19% higher than mixture containing smooth bromegrass at Lacombe. Summer and fall production of meadow bromegrass mixtures was 18 to 53% and 40 to 69% greater (P ≤ 0.0001) than smooth bromegrass mixtures. Tiller weight of smooth bromegrass equalled or exceeded that of meadow bromegrass, so superior regrowth of meadow bromegrass mixtures was due to higher tiller density. Over 3 yr, annual yield of the alfalfa component was similar in smooth bromegrass- and meadow bromegrass mixtures, but alfalfa yield decreased (P ≤ 0.0001) 43 to 70% due to dramatic declines in alfalfa stem density. Competition from the associated grass and frequent defoliation reduced alfalfa longevity. Key words: Smooth bromegrass, Bromus inermis Leyss., alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., mixtures, pasture, sward structure

EFFECT OF MEFLUIDIDE APPLICATION DATE ON YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF Bromus SPECIES

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. VAN ESBROECK ◽  
V. S. BARON
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Quality Enhancement ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

The plant growth regulator mefluidide (N- [2,4-dimethyl 5 [[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] amino] phenyl] acetamide) has been used to enhance forage quality in several temperate grass species, but results have been inconsistent. This study was carried out to determine if stage of apical development at time of mefluidide application influenced subsequent forage yield and quality. Mefluidide was applied at 0.3 kg ha−1 to smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii Roem and Schult.) at six weekly intervals beginning 27 April during 1984 and 1985 at Lacombe, Alberta. Stage of apical development at mefluidide application time was monitored closely in smooth bromegrass. Dry matter (DM) yield and quality parameters were measured at the hard dough stage. Maximum yield reductions and quality enhancement occurred consistently following an application during the first week in May. This application time (2–4 May) corresponded to a developmental stage just prior to jointing and after double ridge formation in smooth bromegrass. The 2–4 May application resulted in a 26 and 43% reduction in DM yield, a 7.8 and 6.2% increase in in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) and a 41 and 50% increase in crude protein for smooth and meadow bromegrass, respectively. Fiber fractions, except hemicellulose, both on a DM and cell-wall basis, were also lowest at this application date for both species. IVDOM was negatively correlated to plant height and lignin content both on a cell-wall and DM basis. This indicated that improved quality was associated with a reduction in stem material. A negative correlation between plant height and yield was also observed. It is recommended that, for quality enhancement in smooth and meadow bromegrass, mefluidide be applied after growth has resumed in spring, but prior to jointing.Key words: Bromus species, mefluidide, application date, forage yield and quality

Steer performance grazing hybrid bromegrass pastures

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Thompson ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
B. E. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Producers in Saskatchewan require grazing information on new grass cultivars to improve production and quality of existing forage stands. Animal data are ultimately needed to validate the performance of these new varieties under grazed conditions. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted (2000–2001) to determine steer performance and species utilization when grazing crested wheatgrass (Agropyron pectiniforme R. & S.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) compared to hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius × Bromus inermis) pasture on an Orthic Black soil in east central Saskatchewan. Weight gain (kg d-1) was greater (P < 0.05) for steers grazing hybrid bromegrass pasture than crested wheatgrass pasture in the first year. However, in 2001, steers grazing crested wheatgrass pastures had greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) than those grazing other pasture types. Total beef production (TBF) was greatest in both years (160 and 185 kg ha-1) from the hybrid bromegrass pastures. The greatest (P < 0.05) animal grazing days (AGD) were observed on hybrid bromegrass pastures. These results suggest that AC Knowles hybrid bromegrass is a suitable species for pasture use in Saskatchewan. Key words: Grazing, utilization, steer, grass pasture

Characterization of meadow × smooth bromegrass hybrid populations using morphological characteristics

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasas S. N. Ferdinandez ◽  
Bruce E. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Three hybrid populations between meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) and smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) have been developed using recurrent selection for vigor, uniformity of growth and floret fertility. The objective of this study was to use morphological characters to characterize the three hybrid populations (S-9197, S-9073, and S-9183) and the two parental species. Tiller heights did not differ among the hybrids and the parental species. Leaf-to-stem ratio of the hybrids was intermediate to that of the parents. Tiller density, panicle density and dry matter yield of the hybrids were more similar to those of smooth bromegrass. Leaf pubescence densities of the hybrids were higher than the parental species, but pubescence lengths closely resembled meadow bromegrass. Leaf area index (LAI) of the hybrids was lower than smooth bromegrass, and resembled meadow bromegrass. Lowest brown leaf spot ratings were observed in meadow bromegrass, while the hybrids were similar to smooth bromegrass. In general, the hybrid populations showed some individual characteristics similar to each of the parental species and, thus, can be characterized as being intermediate to the parental species. Furthermore, several of the differences among the hybrid populations can be attributed to the selection criteria that were used to develop these populations. Key words: Bromus, smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, hybrid bromegrass, morphological characteristics

Short Communication: Etiolated growth of hybrid bromegrass (Bromus inermis×B. riparius) compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under grazed or nongrazed conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
C. I. Ward ◽  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
P. G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass

Ward, C. I., Lardner, H. A. and Jefferson, P. G. 2012. Short Communication: Etiolated growth of hybrid bromegrass ( Bromus inermis × B. riparius ) compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under grazed or nongrazed conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 441–445. Etiolated spring regrowth of hybrid bromegrass was compared with smooth bromegrass, meadow bromegrass, crested wheatgrass and tall fescue under beef steer (Bos taurus) grazed or nongrazed conditions in the previous season over 2 yr in 2006 and 2007. Hybrid bromegrass seeded in 2003 had greater energy reserves than old crested wheatgrass (control) and similar reserves to tall fescue and crested wheatgrass. Hybrid bromegrass can be grazed in similar systems as meadow bromegrass and be expected to maintain sufficient energy reserves for spring growth.

scholarly journals Productivity and composition of bromegrass alfalfa mixtures for hay in the Aspen Parklands of western Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Pearen ◽  
V. S. Baron ◽  
I. W. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Bromus Riparius ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Tiller Density

Dry matter yield of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) - alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixtures is restricted by short growing seasons and poor legume persistence in the Aspen Parklands of western Canada. Meadow bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm.) has recently gained acceptance, but comparative information on smooth and meadow bromegrass in grass-alfalfa mixtures is unavailable. We examined DM yield of binary grass-legume mixtures containing either Carlton or Manchar smooth bromegrass or Regar meadow bromegrass with Peace or Beaver alfalfa under a two-cut hay-management system at four sites in central Alberta for 3 yr. Annual DM yield was 40% greater (P ≤ 0.0001) at sites near Lacombe (7570 kg ha−1) than at Bluffton and Vegreville (5420 kg ha−1). Dry matter yield of smooth bromegrass mixtures (8020 kg ha−1) was 20% higher (P ≤ 0.01) than that of meadow bromegrass mixtures (6690 kg ha−1) near Lacombe. Alfalfa DM yield was 2.1 times higher at Bluffton and Vegreville (2770 kg ha−1) than near Lacombe (1300 kg ha−1). Near Lacombe, alfalfa regrowth was suppressed (P ≤ 0.0001) by smooth bromegrass, which had 2.3 times larger (P < 0.001) tillers than meadow bromegrass at first cut. At Bluffton and Vegreville, DM yield of meadow bromegrass mixtures equalled or exceeded (P ≤ 0.05) that of smooth bromegrass mixtures. Although first-cut tiller weight of smooth bromegrass was 73% more (P ≤ 0.0001) than that of meadow bromegrass at Bluffton and Vegreville, tiller density of meadow bromegrass was 1.7 times greater (P ≤ 0.0001) than that of smooth bromegrass. Results indicate that smooth bromegrass mixtures were superior to meadow bromegrass mixtures for hay production at moist fertile locations, despite reduced alfalfa persistence. At drier or less fertile sites, however, DM yield of meadow bromegrass mixtures was higher than that of smooth bromegrass mixtures when weather conditions for regrowth were favourable. Key words: Bromegrass-alfalfa mixtures, hay, parklands

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