IN-VITRO FERMENTATION OF ALDITOLS BY RUMEN CONTENTS AND ABSORPTION OF ALDITOLS IN THE OVINE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
C. J. LISTER ◽  
R. R. SMITHARD
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

In-vitro incubations with rumen fluid from four wethers showed that glucose, glucitol and mannitol were fermented more rapidly than arabinitol and xylitol and that arabinitol was fermented more rapidly than xylitol (P < 0.05) when the alditols or sugar were added singly. When arabinitol and xylitol or mannitol and xylitol were added as mixtures there was no effect on rates of individual alditol fermentation. Measurement of alditols reaching the duodenum and subsequently the terminal ileum of three sheep given an alditol mixture via the rumen showed that less than half the pentitols entering the small intestine were absorbed there. When higher levels of alditols entered the small intestine by infusion into the duodenum, absorption of pentitols was less efficient than that of the hexitols, mannitol and glucitol. Key words: Alditols, fermentation, rumen fluid, absorption

In vitro fermentation of key dietary compounds with rumen fluid: A genome-centric perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 584-585 ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Campanaro ◽  
Laura Treu ◽  
Mirko Cattani ◽  
Panagiotis G Kougias ◽  
Veronica Vendramin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
A Genome

scholarly journals Nutritional availability of amino acids from protein cross-linked to protect against degradation in the rumen

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Ashes ◽  
Jim L. Mangan ◽  
Gurcharn S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Total Milk

1. Casein was labelled with pairs of radioactive amino acids, lysine, tyrosine and leucine, one with I4C and the other with 3H, by jugular infusion into lactating goats followed by isolation of the double-labelled casein from the milk. Total milk protein was similarly labelled by jugular infusion of [35S]cystine. U-14C-labelled fraction- 1 leaf protein was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa) grown in an atmosphere of 14C022. The proteins were treated withdifferent levels(333 and667 mmol/kgprotein) offormaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal.3. Absorption from the small intestine was measured in sheep with fistulas in the abomasum and terminal ileum, using Cr-EDTA as the digesta flow marker, by introducing radioactive casein into the abomasum.4. Lysine, tyrosine and cystine became increasingly unavailable for absorption from the small intestine of sheep with increasing levels of aldehyde. At the lower level (333 mmol/kg) the proportions of the amino acids that were unavailable were 0.192, 0.051 and 0.123 respectively. At the higher level of formaldehyde (667 mmol/kg) the corresponding values were 0.335, 0.201 and 0.432 respectively. Leucine was not made unavailable with formaldehyde.5. The proportions of lysine, tyrosine and leucine that were unavailable were higher, on a molar basis, after treatment of the proteins with the dialdehydes glutaraldehyde and glyoxal than after treatment with formaldehyde. However, the extent of protein protection provided by the dialdehydes in the rumen, measured using an in vitro procedure, was lower.

DUODENAL FLOW AND SOLUBLE PROPORTIONS OF ZINC, MANGANESE, COPPER AND IRON IN THE RUMEN FLUID AND DUODENAL DIGESTA OF FAUNATED AND DEFAUNATED SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
D. M. VEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Metal Metabolism ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa ◽  
Manganese Copper

Measurements of soluble proportions in the rumen fluid and duodenal digesta and flow into the small intestine of zinc, manganese, copper and iron were carried out in defaunated and faunated sheep. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of the defaunation on any measurements. It was concluded that ciliate protozoa do not have a critical role in trace metal metabolism in the rumen of sheep. Key words: Defaunation, sheep, trace elements, solubility

scholarly journals Method for Modeling the Small Intestine and Resident Microbiome Through in Vitro Fermentation (P20-001-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Doherty ◽  
Jordan Whitman ◽  
Steven Arcidiacono ◽  
Karen Conca ◽  
Jason Soares
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Model Design ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Fermentation Model

Abstract Objectives The human small intestine is a complex and dynamic organ tasked with enzymatic digestion and absorption of nutrients. Design of a small intestine model can provide detailed systematic knowledge of these processes; model design challenges include differential pH and oxygen availability along the length of the small intestine, food-dependent host secretion of digestive compounds, complex nutrient absorption processes, and microbiome interactions with both food and host. Numerous in vitro models have been developed to simulate the small intestine, but physiological relevance is limited. Here, we present an in vitro fermentation model of the small intestine to include microbiota and enhance physiological relevance. Methods A stepwise biofidelic model design approach was implemented with initial stages consisting of simulating ileum conditions, including pH and residence time, utilizing an automated bioreactor system for real-time monitoring and control of fermentation parameters, with incorporation of digestive enzymes and bile acids for breakdown of food inputs. Nutrient absorption, simulated using hollow-fiber columns to emulate passive diffusion, was initially optimized using small molecules to mimic dietary digestion byproducts; validation with food components, such as starch or whey powder, is planned. A mock microbial community, with organisms selected to represent major phyla and functions of the small intestine microbiota, was designed, implemented, and characterized in fermentations representing “fed-state” ileum conditions. Results Design and validation of the model with mock food components will be presented, along with steps taken to integrate in situ nutrient absorption and mock microbial community. Initial characterization of the microbial community indicates synergistic growth dynamics and nutrient utilization under “fed-state” conditions. Conclusions These efforts will be the foundation for our long-term goal of simulating the small intestine to complement our large intestine fermentation model, jA2COB, creating a complete in vitro fermentation model of the lower GI tract. Insight gleaned from this model, alone or in concert with in vivo studies, can inform nutritional strategies to restore and maintain host gut homeostasis. Funding Sources Funded by U.S. Army NSRDEC core applied research funds.

Influence of ionophores on in vitro fermentation by rumen fluid from sheep receiving yeast culture (Yeasacc; YC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
I.M. Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of compounds has been described which have the potential to improve animal production by manipulating the rumen fermentation. Prominent among these rumen modifiers are the ionophores. Ionophores, such as monensin and tetronasin, improve feed efficiency, partly by increasing the flow of amino-N from the rumen and partly by stimulating the production of propionate in the rumen with an associated reduction in the production of methane (Russell and Strobel, 1988). Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of yeast culture (YC) and other fungal preparation to modify the rumen fermentation. These products have been shown to increase bacterial numbers within the rumen with an associated increase in the breakdown of fibre and supply of microbial protein (Williams and Newbold, 1990). YC has also been reported to increase the production of propionate in the rumen. Little appears to be known about the effect a combination YC and an ionophore would have on the rumen fermentation. This study describes the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the fermentation of hay by rumen fluid from sheep fed a basal diet with or without YC.

Effects of adaptation to lasalocid, monensin or a daily rotation of lasalocid and monensin on in vitro fermentation of a 90% concentrate diet

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Duff ◽  
M. L. Galyean ◽  
M. E. Branine
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Incubation

Effects of adaptation to L, M or a daily rotation of L and M (R) on in vitro fermentation were measured in a replicated in vitro experiment with a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were adaptation of ruminal fluid donor steers (0 or 200 mg steer−1 d−1 of L, M or R) and culture ionophore treatment (0 or 4 μg mL−1 of L, M or a 50:50 mixture of L and M). At 12 and 24 h, IVDMD was increased (P < 0.05) by adaptation to L compared with M, and decreased at 12 h (P < 0.05) by adaptation to R compared with the average of L and M adaptation. At 6 and 12 h, culture ionophore treatments increased (P < 0.10) IVDMD, compared with control. After 24 and 48 h of in vitro incubation, L adaptation increased (P < 0.01) acetate, decreased (P < 0.01) propionate, increased the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.01), and increased total VF A (P < 0.05), compared with M adaptation. Total VFA was increased (P < 0.10) for ionophore adaptation treatments compared with control at 48 h of incubation. Culture ionophore treatments decreased (P < 0.10) acetate and increased (P < 0.05) propionate at 24 and 48 h and decreased the acetate/propionate ratio (P < 0.10) at 24 h of incubation versus control cultures, with no measurable effects on total VFA. Adaptation treatments did not interact with culture treatments, suggesting that animals used as inoculum donors for in vitro experiments involving ionophores need not be adapted to an ionophore. Key words: In vitro, fermentation, ionophores, monensin, lasalocid

In vitro fermentation of browse species using goat rumen fluid in relation to browse polyphenol content and composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mengistu ◽  
M. Karonen ◽  
J.-P. Salminen ◽  
W.H. Hendriks ◽  
W.F. Pellikaan
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Goat Rumen

EFFECTS OF MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR ON MINERALS IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF STEERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. GOLFMAN ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Design Effects

Four Holstein steers with cannulae in the rumen, proximal duodenum (PD) and terminal ileum (TI) were fed diets containing: (1) no added Mo or S; (2) Mo added at 10 mg kg−1; (3) S added at 3.0 g kg−1; and (4) Mo and S added at 10 mg and 3.0 g kg−1, respectively, in a Latin square design. Effects of Mo and S on minerals in the digestive tract of steers were evaluated. The solubility of Cu was lower with Mo (P < 0.01) and S (P < 0.01) at the PD and TI, and with Mo plus S (P < 0.05) at the TI. With Mo more (P = 0.07) Cu tended to be excreted in feces. Effects of Mo: Mn, reduced (P < 0.05) input to stomach region and higher (P < 0.01) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.01) solubility at TI with less (P < 0.05) absorbed from large intestine (LI); Fe, more (P = 0.06) absorbed from LI with lower (P < 0.01) fecal excretion; P, lower (P < 0.05) input to stomach region with a tendency for less (P = 0.08) absorbed from small intestine (SI); Na, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from LI; K, lower (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility. Effects of S: Mn, slight tendency for higher (P = 0.10) absorption distal to PD; Zn, lower (P < 0.05) solubility at PD; P, less (P < 0.05) absorbed from SI and LI; Mg, tendency for less (P = 0.07) absorbed from stomach region and trend for more (P = 0.08) absorbed distal to PD. Minerals other than Cu were influenced by Mo and S in the digestive tract of cattle. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, digestion, minerals

scholarly journals Tea saponins affect in vitro fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid

2005 ◽  
Vol 6B (8) ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-lian Hu ◽  
Yue-ming Wu ◽  
Jian-xin Liu ◽  
Yan-qiu Guo ◽  
Jun-an Ye
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

A comparison between equine faeces and caecal digesta as sources of inoculum for in vitro fermentation studies using the pressure transducer technique

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 225-225
Author(s):  
R.S. Lowman ◽  
M.K. Theodorou ◽  
A.C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Micro Organisms

Several studies have shown high correlations between in vtvo and in vitro degradation of fibrous feeds when preparations from either rumen fluid or ruminant faeces have been used as the inocula for the in vitro studies (El Shaer et al., 1987; Akhter et al., 1994 & 1995; Harris et al., 1995). Use of an inoculum prepared from faecal material is attractive, for unlike that obtained from rumen fluid, it precludes the need to prepare and maintain fistulated donor animals. This study investigated the use of pony faeces, as an alternative to pony caecal digesta, as a source of micro-organisms for in vitro feed degradability studies.

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