Effects of La2O3 contents on microstructure and properties of laser-cladded 5wt%CaB6/HA bioceramic coating

In the present work, 5wt%CaB6/HA bioceramic coatings with different La2O3contents (0-0.6wt%) have been fabricated by a laser cladding technique on Ti-6Al-4V. The effects of La2O3 contents on microstructure and properties of the laser-cladded 5wt%CaB6/HA coatings have been carefully investigated. The results show that the microstructure is obviously refined, and the structure is relatively uniform after doping 0.2-0.4 wt% La2O3. As the La2O3 content increases, the corrosion resistance are found to increase firstly and then gradually decrease. The XRD analysis confirms that the amount of HA and TCP in the coating reaches maximum after doping 0.2wt% La2O3. The La2O3-doped coatings show a significantly higher bone-like apatite precipitation after immersion in SBF compared with La2O3-free coating. In vitro experiment also shows that 5wt%CaB6/HA bioceramic coatings with 0.2-0.4wt% La2O3 are more suitable for the attachment and proliferation of MG63 cells, exhibiting superior bioactivity and biocompatibility.

The Contrasting Effects between Caffeine and Theobromine on Crystallization: How the Non-fluoride Dentifrice Was Developed

Caffeine and theobromine are members of the xanthine family. Coffee and soft drinks contain caffeine, whereas, in cacao, theobromine is the main ingredient. The mineral contents of the tooth which sucked the caffeine-containing dam’s milk were decreased. To determine if caffeine would affect enamel, dams were fed with a caffeine and pups were killed and first and second molars were extracted. Enamel was exposed to the acid solution and dissolved minerals from the enamel were measured. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from the first molars of the caffeine group were significantly dissolved. To determine why minerals were released, enamel was separated. The crystallite size of the enamel from the caffeine group showed decreased. If the pups with the same dietary regimen, but given a cariogenic diet, the caffeine group should show a higher incidence of dental caries. The caffeine group revealed higher caries scores. An in vitro experiment to grow apatite crystals was conducted, adding the various members of the xanthine. Theobromine produced larger crystal sizes than caffeine. Theobromine was added to the maternal diet. Dissolution experiments revealed that these minerals were far less dissolved. Comparative studies of the various parameters between theobromine and fluoride were conducted. Theobromine was superior to fluoride in every aspect.

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF A MEANS FOR ENZYME EXCAVATION (BRIX 3000) AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN CARIOUS LESIONS OF PRIMARY TEETH – IN VITRO EXPERIMENT

The selective removal of the caries dentin via enzyme methods for excavation appears to be an alternative to the conventional treatment of carious lesions in childhood. Photodynamic therapy is an effective alternative for the reduction of cariesogenic microorganisms. Brix 3000 is an enzyme-based material for excavation of carious dentin. Aim: To study the antimicrobial effect of means for enzyme excavation (Brix 3000) and photodynamic therapy with FotoSan 630 Intro Kit to the two main cariesogenic microorganisms – S. mutans and L. acidophilus, in vitro experiment; Materials and Methods: Eighty plates were prepared: group 1- 20 plates only with Brix 3000; group2 – 20 plates only with FotoSan; group 3 – 20 plates with a combination of Brix 3000 and FotoSan; group 4 – 20 plates without an active agent. In the agar of each plate, three 7 mm wells in diameter were made, where the Brix 3000 gel was placed, as well as discs soaked with the dye and irradiated with FotoSan and a combination of them. After 24 hours, the zone of inhibition was measured. Results: Compared to the control group, Brix 3000 and FotoSan have a defined antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. By combining the two materials, their antimicrobial activity significantly increases. S. mutans shows greater resistance compared to Lactobacillus spp. Conclusion: A combination of enzyme-based excavation and photodynamic therapy could be used successfully in the treatment of carious lesions in primary teeth.

“EFFECT OF HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINE TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS Q, 6C, 12C, 30C, 200C, 1M AS AN INHIBITOR OF CALCIUM OXALATE AND CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CRYSTALLIZATION IN VITRO STUDY”

Background: Urolithiasis is one of the common conditions in the society and it needs medical attention due to its increase in prevalence. The use of the homeopathic medicines has found to be,of great importance in the treatment of urolithiasis and certainly homoeopathy is a promising eld in this condition. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanism of urolithiasis and the inhibitory action of homeopathic drug Tribulus terrestris by in vitro experiment. Materials and Method: Homoeopathic preparation of Tribulus terrestris Q, 6C, 12C, 30C, 200C, 1M was planned to evaluate in vitro calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystallization using spectro-photometric and colorimetric assay respectively. Considering the role of reactive oxygen species as one of the etiological factors in stone formation, effective antioxidant activity of Tribulus terrestris was also performed by 2,2- diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Result: Tribulus terrestris Q, 200C and 1M exerted maximum inhibition as 33.62%, 23.89% and 23.00% respectively to calcium oxalate nucleation assay whereas, Tribulus terrestris Q, 6C, 12C, 30C, 200C, 1M exerted maximum inhibition to calcium oxalate aggregation assay up to 76.19%. Tribulus terrestris 12C and 30C showed maximum inhibition as 82.28% and 16. 21% to calcium and phosphate ions respectively. Presence of antioxidant activity by DPPH radical assay for Tribulus terrestris Q and 12C which showed percentage inhibition as 33.11% and 0.95% respectively. Conclusions:Homoeopathic preparation Tribulus terrestris has potential effect on inhibition of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate crystallization and also homoeopathic preparation of Tribulus terrestris is capable of showing presence of phytochemicals; anti-oxidant activity when performed by in vitro experiment.