AIR-BORNE POLLEN SURVEYS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Bassett ◽  
C. W. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Results from 17 pollen collecting stations in British Columbia indicate that air-borne pollen of ragweeds and their relatives, the principal causative agents of hay fever in North America, is practically absent throughout the province. Coniferous trees and shrubs such as pines, spruces, firs, cedars, Douglas fir, hemlocks and junipers produce the greater part of the air-borne pollen from March to early July. Pollen from alders, poplars, willows and birches is also prevalent in some areas in the early spring. The peak periods of grass pollen near the United States–Canadian border occur mainly in June and the early part of July, while further north they are about a month later. Of the four types of plantain pollen identified from the different collecting stations, English plantain was the most common, especially in the southwesterly part of the province. Pollen from the lambs’-quarters and amaranth families and wormwoods occurs mainly in the late summer and early fall and is more abundant in the dry interior than along the coast.

scholarly journals A biodiversity hotspot for Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in North America: annotated species checklist for Ottawa, Canada

ZooKeys ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 1-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Fernandez-Triana ◽  
Caroline Boudreault ◽  
Joel Buffam ◽  
Ronald Maclean
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time

Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the city of Ottawa and its surroundings (a 50-km radius circle, ~7,800 km2) were studied based on 1,928 specimens collected between 1894 and 2010, and housed in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. A total of 158 species from 21 genera were identified, which is by far the highest number of species ever recorded for a locality in North America. An annotated checklist of species is provided.Choerasparasitellae(Bouché, 1834) andPholetesornanus(Reinhard, 1880) are recorded for the first time in the Nearctic (previously only known from the Palearctic region),Cotesiadepressa(Viereck, 1912) is recorded for the first time in Canada (previously only known from the United States), andCotesiahemileucae(Riley, 1881) andProtapantelesphlyctaeniae(Muesebeck, 1929) are recorded for the first time in the province of Ontario. In Ottawa the most diverse genera areCotesia,Apanteles,Microplitis,Pholetesor,Microgaster, andDolichogenidea, altogether comprising 77% of the species found in the area. A total of 73 species (46%) were represented by only one or two specimens, suggesting that the inventory for Ottawa is still relatively incomplete. Seasonal distribution showed several peaks of activity, in spring, summer, and early fall. That general pattern varied for individual species, with some showing a single peak of abundance either in the summer or towards the end of the season, others species attaining two peaks, in late spring and late summer, or in early summer and early fall, and yet others attaining up to three different peaks, in spring, summer and fall. At least 72 of the Microgastrinae species from Ottawa have been previously associated with 554 species of Lepidoptera as hosts – but those historical literature records are not always reliable and in many cases are based on data from areas beyond Ottawa. Thus, our knowledge of the associations between the 158 species of microgastrine parasitoids and the caterpillars of the 2,064 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Ottawa is still very incomplete.

The Biology of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (S1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
K. George Beck ◽  
Robert H. Callihan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Perennial Grassland

Downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE), also known as cheatgrass, downy chess, broncograss, Mormon oats, and junegrass, was introduced into the United States from Europe, apparently during the middle of the nineteenth century (11, 21). According to Mack (23), downy brome entered British Columbia, Washington, and Utah around 1890; and by 1928 it had reached its present range, occupying much of the perennial grassland in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, and British Columbia. Today, downy brome is a widespread weed throughout most of Canada, Mexico, and the United States, except for the southeastern United States (5, 17). Some consider downy brome to be an important forage because it provides most of the early spring grazing for livestock in western United States rangeland (21). However, it is also considered a troublesome weed in rangeland (31), winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) (27), several other crops (29), and noncropland (32).

METALTELLA SIMONI (KEYSERLING, 1878) (AMAUROBIIDAE) NEW TO CANADA, AND RECORDS FOR TEGENARIA GIGANTEA CHAMBERLIN AND IVIE, 1935, (AGELENIDAE) IN ALBERTA AND BRITISH COLUMBIA (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)

1992 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Leech ◽  
Marilyn Steiner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Spider Species ◽  
Apparent Distribution

Metaltella simoni (Keyserling, 1878), an amaurobiid spider species precinctive to Argentina and Uruguay, and probably southern Brazil, is well established in the southeastern coastal regions of the United States (Leech 1972: 107). It was brought to North America by commercial and trade activities, hence the apparent distribution disjunction. The first Nearctic record is 23–30 July 1944, from Harahan, Louisiana (Leech 1972: 107).

scholarly journals Characterization of the Pecan Industry in North America with Emphasis in the Southwest

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 980c-980
Author(s):  
Michael W. Kilby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Desert Southwest

The pecan is native to North America and is cultured as a major crop in both the United States and Mexico. In the early part of this century, pecans were thought of as a secondary crop grown in the southern geographic section of the United States. Increased demand for use as a nutritious food has resulted in expansion of the industry into the desert Southwest and California. Adaptive cultivars and irrigation coupled with the lack of diseases and insects has been instrumental in industry development in the West. As the industry has matured during the latter part of the century, pecan culture has improved into a strong crop enterprise business. Orchard management technique and orchard development concepts have been refined, resulting in increased production and awareness. In recent years, production in Mexico has impacted the U.S. price structure and pecan industry economy. The alternate-bearing nature of pecans also impacts prices received by growers. The aging of pecan trees has resulted in serious dilemmas, such as increased tree size and shading. This situation requires techniques such as tree thinning or hedge pruning to enhance annual production and improve nut quality. Various ramifications and parameters of these management practices will be discussed.

CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) ASSOCIATED WITH MYRIOPHYLLUM SPICATUM IN OKANAGAN VALLEY LAKES, BRITISH COLUMBIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1545-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Kangasniemi ◽  
D. R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Okanagan Valley

Eurasian water milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus, was introduced into eastern North America late in the nineteenth century. It has spread and developed into a major aquatic weed in many areas of the United states and Canada (Aiken et al. 1979; Reed 1977). In British Columbia, it was first observed in the Vernon Arm of Okanagan Lake in 1970 and had spread to all major 1,akes in the Okanagan Valley by 1976 (Newroth 1979).

ON THE TWO SPECIES OF BRUCHIDIUS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) ESTABLISHED IN NORTH AMERICA

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Bottimer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Cytisus Scoparius ◽  
Considerable Time

AbstractThe European Bruchidius ater (Marsh.), first discovered in Massachusetts in 1918, and later in Virginia, is here recorded from Rochester, N.Y. In addition to Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, its known host in the United States, the insect was reared from seeds of Petteria ramentacea (Sieber) Presl and Laburnum alpinum Bercht. and Presl at the New York locality. All three plants are introductions from Europe. Bruchidius unicolor (Ol.) was recognized in 1965 when it was discovered in British Columbia breeding in the seed pods of Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop. A single specimen, collected in Nicola, B.C., in 1922, indicates that the insect has been present in southwestern Canada for a considerable time.

Managing bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with semiochemicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Seybold ◽  
Christopher J. Fettig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Ambrosia Beetles ◽  
Entomological Society ◽  
Current State ◽  
Bark And Ambrosia Beetles

AbstractOn 14 November 2018, a symposium Managing bark and ambrosia beetles with semiochemicals was held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, at the Joint Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Canada, and the Entomological Society of British Columbia. The focus was on the application of behavioural chemicals for management of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in conifers and hardwoods in North America and Europe. Contributors included nine invited speakers from Canada, Slovakia, and the United States of America who summarised the current state of knowledge and latest technologies and shared career-long experiences and insights. This special issue features publications derived from those presentations.

The pine wood nematode: a comparison of the situation in the United States and Japan

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
R. A. Blanchette ◽  
T. H. Nicholls ◽  
K. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
The Past

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchusxylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, causes a wilt of pines in Japan. Severe damage to forests in Japan have been occurring for the past 30 years. Recently, the nematode has been found on conifers throughout the United States. Little is known of the biology and etiology of the pine wood nematode in North America. At present, there appears to be little threat to native coniferous forests of the United States and Canada. This is indicated by the wide host range and extensive geographic distribution of the nematode, association of the nematode on trees severely weakened by insects and diseases, and presence of the nematode in the United States since the early part of this century. Monoculture of susceptible conifers, offsite plantings and the introduction of potentially more effective vectors could, however, result in an increased damage by the nematode.

scholarly journals Distribution and Environmental Persistence of the Causative Agent of White-Nose Syndrome, Geomyces destructans, in Bat Hibernacula of the Eastern United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lorch ◽  
Laura K. Muller ◽  
Robin E. Russell ◽  
Michael O'Connor ◽  
Daniel L. Lindner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geomyces Destructans ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
White Nose Syndrome

ABSTRACTWhite-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease of hibernating bats caused by the recently described fungusGeomyces destructans. First isolated in 2008, the origins of this fungus in North America and its ability to persist in the environment remain undefined. To investigate the correlation between manifestation of WNS and distribution ofG. destructansin the United States, we analyzed sediment samples collected from 55 bat hibernacula (caves and mines) both within and outside the known range of WNS using a newly developed real-time PCR assay.Geomyces destructanswas detected in 17 of 21 sites within the known range of WNS at the time when the samples were collected; the fungus was not found in 28 sites beyond the known range of the disease at the time when environmental samples were collected. These data indicate that the distribution ofG. destructansis correlated with disease in hibernating bats and support the hypothesis that the fungus is likely an exotic species in North America. Additionally, we examined whetherG. destructanspersists in infested bat hibernacula when bats are absent. Sediment samples were collected from 14 WNS-positive hibernacula, and the samples were screened for viable fungus by using a culture technique. ViableG. destructanswas cultivated from 7 of the 14 sites sampled during late summer, when bats were no longer in hibernation, suggesting that the fungus can persist in the environment in the absence of bat hosts for long periods of time.

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