scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGIC RACES OF LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT (USTILAGO TRITICI) IN BRAZIL

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILTON C. MEDEIROS ◽  
J. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Differential Cultivar ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Physiologic Races

The occurrence in Brazil of physiologic races of loose smut, Ustilago tritici, (Pers.) Rostr., has been demonstrated. Twelve races were identified amongst 50 field collections of loose smut. Five of the races were classified as being similar to Canadian race T 2, and two races as T 8 when the standard set of differential cultivars was used. However, further differentiation of these races was possible on three supplemental differentials. Another four races were virulent on several differential cultivars of common wheat and on Pentad, a differential cultivar of durum wheat, and thus appear to invalidate the claim that formae speciales of Ustilago tritici exist on common wheat and on durum wheat.

Genetics and identification of molecular markers linked to resistance to loose smut (Ustilago tritici) race T33 in durum wheat

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpinder Singh Randhawa ◽  
Zlatko Popovic ◽  
Jim Menzies ◽  
Ron Knox ◽  
Stephen Fox
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici

Inheritance of virulence of loose smut of wheat, Ustilago tritici, on the differential cultivars Renfrew, Florence × Aurore, Kota, and Little Club

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Recessive Genes

Inheritance of virulence of Ustilago tritici on four cultivars of wheat was studied, using a cross between races T 1 and T 2. Two recessive genes for virulence were identified: Utv1 conditioned virulence on the cultivars Renfrew and Florence × Aurore; Utv2 conditioned virulence on Kota and Little Club.

REACTION OF TRITICALE AND SPRING RYE TO LOOSE SMUT OF WHEAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Twenty-seven lines of triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) were inoculated with a mixture of races T1 to T5 of loose smut of wheat (Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.); six lines were susceptible with the level of infection ranging up to 67%. The race virulent on three of the lines was found to be T4, a race characterized by virulence on cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). Of 119 cultivars of spring rye (Secale cereale L.) that were inoculated with the mixture of races, 68 were infected. The races virulent on five cultivars were found to be T2 on four, and T4 on one. The level of infection ranged up to 37%.

Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽  
LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a method for quantification of common wheat, durum wheat, rye and barley by droplet digital PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schulze ◽  
Anne-Catrin Geuthner ◽  
Dietrich Mäde
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Droplet Digital Pcr ◽  
Food Fraud ◽  
Single Genome ◽  
Cereal Species

AbstractFood fraud is becoming a prominent topic in the food industry. Thus, valid methods for detecting potential adulterations are necessary to identify instances of food fraud in cereal products, a significant component of human diet. In this work, primer–probe systems for real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of these cereal species: bread wheat (together with spelt), durum wheat, rye and barley for real-time PCR and ddPCR were established, optimized and validated. In addition, it was projected to validate a molecular system for differentiation of bread wheat and spelt; however, attempts for molecular differentiation between common wheat and spelt based on the gene GAG56D failed because of the genetic variability of the molecular target. Primer–probe systems were further developed and optimized on the basis of alignments of DNA sequences, as well as already developed PCR systems. The specificity of each system was demonstrated on 10 (spelt), 11 (durum wheat and rye) and 12 (bread wheat) reference samples. Specificity of the barley system was already proved in previous work. The calculated limits of detection (LOD95%) were between 2.43 and 4.07 single genome copies in real-time PCR. Based on the “three droplet rule”, the LOD95% in ddPCR was calculated to be 9.07–13.26 single genome copies. The systems were tested in mixtures of flours (rye and common wheat) and of semolina (durum and common wheat). The methods proved to be robust with regard to the tested conditions in the ddPCR. The developed primer–probe systems for ddPCR proved to be effective in quantitatively detecting the investigated cereal species rye and common wheat in mixtures by taking into account the haploid genome weight and the degree of milling of a flour. This method can correctly detect proportions of 50%, 60% and 90% wholemeal rye flour in a mixture of wholemeal common wheat flour. Quantitative results depend on the DNA content, on ploidy of cereal species and are also influenced by comminution. Hence, the proportion of less processed rye is overestimated in higher processed bread wheat and adulteration of durum wheat by common wheat by 1–5% resulted in underestimation of common wheat.

Quantification of Common Wheat Adulteration of Durum Wheat Pasta Using Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Alary ◽  
Arnaud Serin ◽  
Marie-Pierre Duviau ◽  
Philippe Jourdrier ◽  
Marie-Françoise Gautier
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Virulence Phenotypes and Molecular Genotypes in Collections of Puccinia triticina from Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Mantovani ◽  
Marco Maccaferri ◽  
Roberto Tuberosa ◽  
James Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Simple Sequence

Twenty-four isolates of Puccinia triticina from Italy were characterized for virulence to seedlings of 22 common wheat Thatcher isolines, each with a different leaf rust resistance gene, and for molecular genotypes at 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci. The isolates were compared to a set of 13 previously characterized P. triticina isolates from either durum or common wheat. Clustering based on virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes grouped the Italian P. triticina isolates into three groups. In the first group, the isolates had virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes that were similar to the isolates collected from durum wheat. Isolates in the second group were unique because they had virulence similar to the isolates from common wheat but were distinct for SSR genotypes compared to the isolates from durum wheat and from common wheat. Isolates in the third group had virulence phenotypes and SSR genotypes closely related to the isolates from common wheat. The isolates were grouped based on the known or assumed host of origin, virulence phenotype, and SSR genotypes. Measures of FST and RST for SSR genotypes, and ΦST for virulence phenotype were significant, which indicated differentiation among the three groups of isolates. Virulence phenotypes and molecular genotypes were highly correlated with r = 0.74.

Infection of Wheat by Loose Smut, Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 175 (4454) ◽  
pp. 467-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. V. BATTS
Keyword(s):  
Loose Smut ◽  
Ustilago Tritici
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