Irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes grown in "Harrow" peat-bags

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Chin S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Three spring and two fall crops of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill; various cultivars) grown in "Harrow" peat bags were irrigated 1, 4, 8 or 16 times daily. All plants received the same volume of fertilizer solution which varied with time from 0.2 to 1.0 L plant−1 d−1 according to crop and environmental conditions. The results showed little or no effect of irrigation frequency on early or total yield, number of grade no. 1 fruit, or fruit size. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, marketable yield

scholarly journals Effect of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 759A-759
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent*
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Shading a greenhouse increased the fraction of tomatoes that were marketable, and the marketable yield, in a comparison of greenhouse tomato yields across years, in some of which the greenhouses were shaded. In 2003, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were compared directly when grown in spring and summer in Connecticut in identical greenhouses that differed only in the degree of shade. Each half of four greenhouses was either unshaded or shaded using reflective aluminized shade cloth rated to reduced light transmission by 15%, 30%, or 50%. Each shade treatment was repeated in two houses. Tomatoes were germinated in February and transplanted in March The houses were shaded when fruit began to ripen in early June. Picking continued through August. The effect of shade on total yield developed gradually. Yields in June were unaffected by shade, but in August yield under no shade was about 30% higher than under 50% shade. In contrast, there was an immediate effect of shade on fruit size. Fruit picked in June from plants under 50% shade was 16% smaller than from plants grown under no shade. This difference declined later in the season, to 6 and 9%, in July and August respectively. The highest yield of marketable fruit in 2003 was picked from houses under no shade, but this was only 10% more than picked from the houses under 50% shade. Shade increased the fraction of marketable fruit, from 54% under no shade to 63% under 50% shade. Certain defects were decreased by shade. For instance the fraction of fruit with cracked skin was decreased from 33% to 25%. In general, effects on fruit quality varied linearly with the degree of applied shade.

scholarly journals Effect on Yield and Quality of a Simple System to Recycle Nutrient Solution to Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent ◽  
Michael R. Short
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Growth Product ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Dietary Value

Recycling the nutrient solution used for greenhouse vegetable production can prevent groundwater pollution. Recycling could result in an accumulation or deficiency of elements that would be deleterious to plant growth, product quality, and the dietary value of vegetables. Complex fertilizer systems have been developed to maintain appropriate concentrations of all elements in recycled systems. We compared a much simpler system in which all excess solution drained from the plants was recycled without adjustment or dilution compared with a system with no recycling as a control. Crops of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) were grown in two years to compare these systems. Differences in composition of solution drained from the plants developed gradually over more than one month. The transition from vegetative to fruit growth, which coincided with warmer weather, resulted in a decreased demand for nitrate, and other nutrients, and an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) of water drained from the root zone. The composition of the fresh solution supplied to the plants was adjusted accordingly. It took a longer time to re-establish an optimum composition for recycled compared with control watering. EC tended to increase in the recycled system. Recycling decreased total yield and fruit size, but marketable yield was unaffected. The marketable fraction increased in the recycled treatment, primarily as a result of fewer fruit with cracked skin. This effect was consistent across seven cultivars. The cultivars differed in this and other defects, but they did not differ in their response to the two watering systems.

PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON YIELD OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS P. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
DOUGLAS P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Spacing Effects

The effect of six equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45, 53 and 60 cm, corresponding to 113 000, 74 000, 53 000, 40 000, 31 000 and 25 000 plants ha−1, respectively) on fruit yield of four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Jumbo’ and ’Ohio CR-6’) was studied over two spring and two fall seasons. Fruit was harvested and recorded separately from inside (shaded) and outside (exposed) plants of the four-row plantings. The total and marketable yield (g plant−1) of both inside and outside plants of both cultivars and in both seasons declined linearly with successive decreases in plant spacing. The rate of yield reduction of both cultivars was steeper in the spring, compared to the fall season. Also, the rate of yield reduction in the spring was steeper on inside compared to outside plants; but, in the fall, yield was similar for inside and outside plants. The response of the total and marketable yield (g m−2) of both inside and outside plants of both cultivars and in both seasons to decreasing plant spacing was described by a first or second degree polynomial. In the fall, the total and marketable yield of all plants increased (mostly) linearly with decreasing plant spacing; but, in the spring, yields were highest at intermediate spacings and declined with closer and wider spacings. We conclude that there is a greater potential for marketable yield increases, with any increase in plant density from a normal of 25 000 plants ha−1 to a maximum of 74 000 or 113 000 plants ha−1 for the cvs. Ohio CR-6 and Jumbo, respectively, in a fall greenhouse tomato crop than in a spring crop. However, with closer planting, a reduction in fruit size must be anticipated in both seasons.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., plant spacing, greenhouse tomato

Growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse tomato cultivated in open or closed rockwool systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hao ◽  
A. P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Two full spring season tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “Trust”) were grown in an open rockwool system with standard rockwool feeding formulae (O-R; conventional method), and in closed rockwool systems with standard rockwool (C-R) or Nutrient Film Technique (C-NFT) feeding formulae (modified in 1997) in 1996 and 1997 to examine the feasibility of a fully closed rockwool production system with appropriate feeding formulae. The closed rockwool system with optimized feeding formulae achieved high marketable yield, similar to that of the open rockwool system. There were no differences in early plant growth, plant biomass or biomass partitioning, and in total fruit yield, size and grades except for the closed rockwool system with the standard rockwool feeding formulae (C-R), which had lower yield than C-NFT in the last month of harvest in 1996. The photosynthesis of old foliage was higher and the root systems at the end of the experiments were rated healthier in plants grown in the closed (C-R and C-NFT) systems than in plants grown in the open (O-R) system. Over 30% of water and fertilizer was saved with the closed systems in comparison to the conventional open system. These results demonstrated that closed rockwool systems with optimized nutrient feedings are economically and environmentally sound alternative methods for greenhouse tomato production in Ontario. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, yield, recycling, rockwool, greenhouse

scholarly journals Evaluation of Foliar Sprays of Bacteriophages for the Management of Bacterial Canker in Greenhouse Tomatoes

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ingram ◽  
Shi-En Lu
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

AgriPhage applied as a preventative foliar spray significantly reduced severity of bacterial canker of greenhouse tomato in two of three years. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) indicated that AgriPhage slowed the progression of bacterial canker symptom development by 50% and 59% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Plant mortality was significantly reduced by 76% in 2006 as compared to the inoculated control. AgriPhage-treated plants produced significantly greater total yield in 2006 only. Copper and Kasumin sprays also significantly reduced severity (AUDPC) of bacterial canker in 2007 as compared to the inoculated control. However, none of these treatments reduced symptom development or increased yield in 2008. Accepted for publication 9 April 2009. Published 12 May 2009.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Protein Hydrolysate, Plant and Seaweed Extracts Increase Yield but Differentially Modulate Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Paolo Bonini ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato

The current research aimed 1) at evaluating the effects of three biostimulants (legume-derived protein hydrolysate, PH; plant and seaweed extract, PE and SWE) on yield performance and nutritional quality, mineral profiling, antioxidant activities, lycopene, total phenols and ascorbic acid of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under soil culture and 2) to assess the economic profitability of biostimulant applications. Plants were sprayed four times during the growing cycle with a solution containing 1, 3, and 3 mL·L−1 of PE, SWE, and PH, respectively. Foliar applications of biostimulants improved the early and total marketable yield of fresh tomato. The increase of total yield by PE, SWE, and PH was 11.7%, 6.6% and 7.0%, respectively, in comparison with untreated plants. Legume-derived PH increased lycopene, total soluble solids, and K and Mg contents, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the fruits. The applications of SWE, and to a lesser degree PH, enhanced the Ca concentration in the fruit tissue. Our findings indicated that the three tested biostimulants, although they increased the total production cost, improved the nutrient status and yield performance of the crop to a level resulting in net economic benefits.

Influence du déficit de pression de vapeur et de la photopériode sur la croissance, la productivité et la composition minérale de la tomate de serre

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
D. Iraqi ◽  
L. Gauthier ◽  
M. Dorais ◽  
A. Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of four vapour pressure defecits (VPD) and three photoperiods on growth, yield and mineral composition of tomato plants. A factorial experiment was conducted from 28 July 1993 to 30 May 1994 in a greenhouse at Laval University Envirotron in Québec, Canada. Four day/night VPD treatments were compared: 1) 0,4/0,4 kPa, 2) 0,97/0,4 kPa, 3) VPD adjusted to a transpiration rate of 800 mL d−1 plant−1 and 4) 0,97/0,97 kPa. For each VPD treatment, three photoperiods were used: 1) 12 h, 2) 14 h and 3) seasonal progressive photoperiod of 12 to 16 h. The highest VPD significantly increased total and marketable yield, biomass and Ca, Mg, K, N and P contents of the leaves. Results obtained with adjusting the VPD to transpiration needs showed no significant differences with those obtained with the highest VPD. Photoperiod effects were not significant. Key words: Vapour pressure defecit, tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum, biomass, mineral analysis

scholarly journals Effect of Degree and Duration of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Simultaneous Comparisons

Some amount of shade may be optimal to produce high-quality tomatoes in a greenhouse during summer months in the northeast United States. Simultaneous comparisons were made among greenhouse sections that were either not shaded or covered with reflective aluminized shadecloth that attenuated 15%, 30%, or 50% of direct sunlight. The shadecloth was applied at the start of warm weather in June. The houses were shaded for the rest of the summer, and fruit was picked until late August. Total yield decreased linearly with increasing shade, but there was no significant difference among shade treatments in marketable yield. The fraction of fruit that was marketable was greatest for plants grown under 50% shade. This fraction was 9% greater than in a greenhouse with no shade in 2003 and 7% greater in 2004 and 2005. Cracked skin was the defect most affected by shade. Among sensitive cultivars, up to 35% of the fruit produced in greenhouses with no shade had cracked skin, whereas in greenhouses covered with 50% shade, only 24% to 26% of the tomatoes had cracked skin. There was no consistent trend for shade density in the fraction of fruit with green shoulder, blossom end rot, or irregular shape. The effect of shade increased with duration of shading. There was no effect of 50% shade compared with no shade on total yield within 20 days, but yield decreased by 20% in the interval from 25 to 45 days after shading and by 30% after 50 or more days of shading in 2005. Marketable yield only decreased after more than 45 days of shading for cultivars that were not sensitive to cracked skin or uneven ripening. Shade decreased fruit size over the entire season only in 2003. In general, shading increased the fraction of marketable tomato fruit without affecting fruit size.

scholarly journals Potassium Application and Leaf Sufficiency Level for Fresh-market Tomatoes Grown on a Midwestern United States Fine-textured Soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Taber
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) response to potassium (K) fertilization on a well-drained, central Iowa loam soil testing low in exchangeable K was evaluated over a 3-year period. Each year the experimental design was a factorial, split-plot randomized complete block with K rate as the whole unit (0 to 332 lb/acre). The subunit was cultivar, either `Mountain Spring' (determinate growth habit) or `Jet Star' (indeterminate growth habit). Fruit harvest began the first week of August and continued weekly for 5 to 8 weeks. For all years there was a significant K rate and cultivar effect for all parameters, but no interaction except for marketable fruit size and unmarketable fruit produced. Increasing the K rate to 103 lb/acre increased fruit size of both cultivars to a maximum of 8.9 oz, but year accounted for greater fruit size difference than the choice of cultivar. Maximum marketable yield for both cultivars occurred at 220 lb/acre K with `Jet Star' producing 13% more fruit than `Mountain Spring', 359 vs. 319 cwt/acre, respectively. Cullage was high, mostly as a result of blotchy ripening disorders, with `Jet Star' consistently producing more culls than `Mountain Spring'. Increasing K rate did not reduce the percentage of culls, which remained constant at about 29% of total yield. Whole-leaf K and leaf petiole sap K levels linearly increased with additional K rate for the two sample periods at flowering and mid-harvest. The whole-leaf K sufficiency level for both cultivars at the flowering stage of growth was determined to be 3.15% and dropped to 1.30% K by mid-harvest. Critical petiole leaf sap K values (using a dilution of 1:1 sap to water) could not be determined at flowering, but at mid-harvest the critical value was about 2200 to 2800 ppm K.

VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF DETERMINATE TOMATOES AS INFLUENCED BY APPLICATIONS OF ETHEPHON, DCIB, NAA AND SADH AT THE SIX-CLUSTER STAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. VELIATH ◽  
A. C. FERGUSON
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Fruit Load

In an attempt to control fruit set and thereby increase fruit size, 2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCIB), naphthaleueacetic acid (NAA) and N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (SADH) were applied as sprays to plants of the determinate tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Summit’ when fruit was set on six clusters. In comparison, one set of plants was deblossomed manually after the six-cluster stage, and another untreated. Although none of the chemicals provided perfect control of fruit load, NAA (100 ppm), SADH (4,000 ppm) + NAA (100 ppm), DCIB (4,000 ppm) + ethephon (500 ppm) and DCIB (6,000 ppm) were approximately 81, 77, 75 and 73% effective, respectively, in reducing fruit load. However, decreases in fruit load were not accompanied by corresponding increases in fruit size. In all probability, this was due to the impairment of normal growth by the chemicals. Several of the treatments produced substantial increases in early and total yield, by maturing a greater number of fruits and thus may be of potential use to commercial growers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document