scholarly journals Evaluation of Foliar Sprays of Bacteriophages for the Management of Bacterial Canker in Greenhouse Tomatoes

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Ingram ◽  
Shi-En Lu
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

AgriPhage applied as a preventative foliar spray significantly reduced severity of bacterial canker of greenhouse tomato in two of three years. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) indicated that AgriPhage slowed the progression of bacterial canker symptom development by 50% and 59% in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Plant mortality was significantly reduced by 76% in 2006 as compared to the inoculated control. AgriPhage-treated plants produced significantly greater total yield in 2006 only. Copper and Kasumin sprays also significantly reduced severity (AUDPC) of bacterial canker in 2007 as compared to the inoculated control. However, none of these treatments reduced symptom development or increased yield in 2008. Accepted for publication 9 April 2009. Published 12 May 2009.

Irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes grown in "Harrow" peat-bags

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Chin S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Three spring and two fall crops of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill; various cultivars) grown in "Harrow" peat bags were irrigated 1, 4, 8 or 16 times daily. All plants received the same volume of fertilizer solution which varied with time from 0.2 to 1.0 L plant−1 d−1 according to crop and environmental conditions. The results showed little or no effect of irrigation frequency on early or total yield, number of grade no. 1 fruit, or fruit size. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, marketable yield

scholarly journals Response of Rockwool-grown Greenhouse Cucumber, Tomato, and Pepper to Kinetin Foliar Sprays

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Papadopoulos ◽  
U. Saha ◽  
X. Hao ◽  
S. Khosla
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Growing Conditions

Encouraging results from previous trials on field vegetables led to the expectation that a kinetin foliar spray from the commercial product KIN-Gro (5000 ppm kinetin) on greenhouse vegetables would positively affect their growth and productivity. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of this product on rockwool-grown `Bodega' cucumber (Cucumis sativus), `Rapsodie' tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum), and `4-Ever' and `444' pepper (Capsicum annuum) at the Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, Ont. Two replicated experiments were conducted to study the effect of kinetin spray on growth and production of all three crops: the first in Spring-Summer 2004 and the second in Fall-Winter 2004. Foliar sprays of kinetin at 2.5, 5, and 10 ppm concentrations were tested against a water spray (control) on each crop. A 2.5-ppm kinetin spray had beneficial effects on the growth of cucumber transplants (taller plants and greater leaf area and fresh weight of leaves and stems). Furthermore, this treatment resulted in higher marketable yield in the Spring-Summer crop and in larger fruit size in the Fall-Winter crop. Regression analysis showed that cucumber marketable yield had an overall quadratic response to kinetin spray concentration in Spring-Summer season maximizing at 5.1 ppm kinetin. Kinetin spray also had beneficial effects on the growth of tomato seedlings, but not on yield. On the other hand, significant beneficial effects were observed on the growth of pepper seedlings and on marketable yield and fruit quality. Regression analysis showed that the response of pepper marketable yield to kinetin spray concentration was positive and linear. It must be noted that, given the rather short-term nature of our experiments, the observed beneficial effects of the kinetin sprays on yield can only be interpreted as beneficial effects on early yield rather than on the total yield. We concluded that under our growing conditions, cucumber production would benefit from a dilute (2.5 ppm) kinetin spray, and pepper production from a high concentration spray (10 ppm); tomato transplant growth will also benefit from a kinetin spray at 2.5 ppm. The results of this study could be of considerable significance to the greenhouse vegetable industry.

scholarly journals Effect of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 759A-759
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent*
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Shading a greenhouse increased the fraction of tomatoes that were marketable, and the marketable yield, in a comparison of greenhouse tomato yields across years, in some of which the greenhouses were shaded. In 2003, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were compared directly when grown in spring and summer in Connecticut in identical greenhouses that differed only in the degree of shade. Each half of four greenhouses was either unshaded or shaded using reflective aluminized shade cloth rated to reduced light transmission by 15%, 30%, or 50%. Each shade treatment was repeated in two houses. Tomatoes were germinated in February and transplanted in March The houses were shaded when fruit began to ripen in early June. Picking continued through August. The effect of shade on total yield developed gradually. Yields in June were unaffected by shade, but in August yield under no shade was about 30% higher than under 50% shade. In contrast, there was an immediate effect of shade on fruit size. Fruit picked in June from plants under 50% shade was 16% smaller than from plants grown under no shade. This difference declined later in the season, to 6 and 9%, in July and August respectively. The highest yield of marketable fruit in 2003 was picked from houses under no shade, but this was only 10% more than picked from the houses under 50% shade. Shade increased the fraction of marketable fruit, from 54% under no shade to 63% under 50% shade. Certain defects were decreased by shade. For instance the fraction of fruit with cracked skin was decreased from 33% to 25%. In general, effects on fruit quality varied linearly with the degree of applied shade.

BIOASSAY TO DETERMINE CHERRY ROOTSTOCK TOLERANCE TO `BACTERIAL CANKER' CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1354F-1355
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Krzesinska ◽  
Anita Nina Miller
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Callus Production ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
One Year

An excised twig assay was developed to evaluate cherry geno-types for their tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. One-year-old wood was collected at monthly intervals from October until January of `Royal Ann', `Corum', and a number of cherry rootstock. The rootstock included; F/12–1 and Giessen (GI) and M × M selections. A 2-cm incision (“^”-shaped flap) was made on each twig. A 20-μl droplet of inoculum or water was placed onto each incision. The inoculum was prepared with one avirulent (K4) and three virulent strains (W4N54, AP2, B15) concentrations (105, 106, or 107 cfu). Inoculated twigs were placed in test tubes and incubated at 15C in high relative humidity for 3 weeks. After incubation, twigs were evaluated for gummosis production (0–3, 0 = no gummosis), incision browning (1–4, 1 = yellow pith), and callus production (0–1, 0 = no callus). The concentration of bacterial suspension had no effect on symptom development. No gummosis or browning was observed on twigs inoculated with water or the avirulent strain. Based on the gummosis and browning ratings, rootstock M × M 2, M × M 39, M × M 60, GI 148-1, GI 154-2, and GI 154-4 were found to be resistant to these three strains of P. syringae in this assay. Root-stock F 12-1, GI 169–15, GI 172–9, and GI 173-9 were found to be tolerant.

Attempts at Biological Control of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis On Rockwool-Grown Greenhouse Tomatoes

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Czesław Ślusarski
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Bacterial Canker Of Tomato

Attempts at Biological Control ofClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensisOn Rockwool-Grown Greenhouse TomatoesTwo greenhouse experiments were conducted in which tomato plants artificially inoculated withClavibacter michiganensissubsp.michiganensis(Cmm) were grown in an open rockwool system as spring and autumn crops. Two isolates of the rhizosphere bacteria,Pseudomonas fluorescensstrain PSR21,Pseudomonas reactansstrain GGS14, a commercial biocontrol agent Aqua Bac Plus (Bacillusspp.) and a proprietary disinfectant containing QAC+Chx, applied at weekly intervals, were evaluated for their efficiency in the suppression of the bacterial canker of tomato. All treatments tested revealed to be ineffective in controlling the disease. The introduction ofCmmbacteria into the fresh rockwool in the first year of its usage resulted in a 100% death of tomato plants, whereas following an artificial inoculation of two- and three-year-old rockwool slabs withCmmbacteria dead plants amounted to 70 and 58%, respectively. This indicates that in the re-used rockwool a natural microbial suppressiveness to bacterial canker of tomato might be developed in the root zone.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Application of Foliar Chemicals to Reduce Common Scab Disease of Potato and Correlation with Thaxtomin A Toxicity

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Tegg ◽  
Ross Corkrey ◽  
Calum R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Russet Burbank Potato ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

Production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A by pathogenic Streptomyces spp. is essential for induction of common scab disease in potato. The disease can be significantly reduced by a range of chemicals applied as foliar sprays before tuber initiation. We tested a range of chemicals that had previously demonstrated varying capacities to reduce common scab for both disease suppression and their ability to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity in both ‘Desiree’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ potato. Our results for disease suppression generally supported previous studies. Our tuber slice assays with thaxtomin A showed a strong correlation between the ability of the chemical to suppress common scab symptom development and the ability of the chemical to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity. A Bayesian measurement error linear regression model was derived for each cultivar and trial and demonstrated a clear positive relationship between disease and thaxtomin-A-induced necrosis. The relationships obtained were much stronger than would have been obtained without adjustment for measurement error. This demonstrates that disease mitigation using chemical foliar sprays is strongly correlated with the ability of the chemical to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity, suggesting this mechanism as a key mode of action for understanding this novel disease control strategy.

scholarly journals Application of Trichoderma harzianum, 6-Pentyl-α-pyrone and Plant Biopolymer Formulations Modulate Plant Metabolism and Fruit Quality of Plum Tomatoes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronia Carillo ◽  
Sheridan L. Woo ◽  
Ernesto Comite ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Functional Quality ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

Many Trichoderma are successfully used to improve agriculture productivity due to their capacity for biocontrol and to stimulate plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stress. This research elucidates the effect of applications with Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 (T22), or biopolymer (BP) alone or in combination (BP + T22 or BP + 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PP); a Trichoderma secondary metabolite) on the crop performance, nutritional and functional quality of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivar Pixel). T22 elicited significant increases in total yield (+40.1%) compared to untreated tomato. The content of lycopene, an important antioxidant compound in tomatoes, significantly increased upon treatment with T22 (+ 49%), BP + T22 (+ 40%) and BP + 6PP (+ 52%) compared to the control. T22 treatments significantly increased the content of asparagine (+37%), GABA (+87%) and MEA (+102%) over the control; whereas BP alone strongly increased GABA (+105%) and MEA (+85%). The synthesis of these compounds implies that tomato plants are able to reuse the photorespiratory amino acids and ammonium for producing useful metabolites and reduce the pressure of photorespiration on plant metabolism, thus optimizing photosynthesis and growth. Finally, these metabolites exert many beneficial effects for human health, thus enhancing the premium quality of plum tomatoes.

Bayleton® Seed Treatment Combined with Foliar Spray Improves Fusiform Rust Control in Nurseries

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S. J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Forest Nurseries

Abstract Bayleton foliar sprays eradicated all fusiform rust infections when applied up to 7 days after artificial inoculation and eradicated a significant number of infections when applied 28 days after inoculation. A combination of seed treatment and foliar spray provided complete control when the spray was applied up to 14 days after inoculation and further reduced disease incidence when the foliar spray was applied 28 days after inoculation. Foliar sprays applied before inoculation prevented infections up to four weeks after application but sprays applied to nongerminated seed did not prevent infections in seedlings originating from these seed. Seed treatment would, therefore, significantly improve fusiform rust control in forest nurseries. Without seed treatment, applications of both ferbam and Bayleton during the period of seed germination may be necessary to adequately control the disease in high rust-hazard nurseries. When seed are treated with Bayleton, the first foliar spray must be applied 14 days after germination begins or no later than 7 days after the first infection period following the first 14 days of seed germination. Thereafter, sprays should be applied at intervals not to exceed 35 days.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Protein Hydrolysate, Plant and Seaweed Extracts Increase Yield but Differentially Modulate Fruit Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Paolo Bonini ◽  
Youssef Rouphael
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato

The current research aimed 1) at evaluating the effects of three biostimulants (legume-derived protein hydrolysate, PH; plant and seaweed extract, PE and SWE) on yield performance and nutritional quality, mineral profiling, antioxidant activities, lycopene, total phenols and ascorbic acid of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under soil culture and 2) to assess the economic profitability of biostimulant applications. Plants were sprayed four times during the growing cycle with a solution containing 1, 3, and 3 mL·L−1 of PE, SWE, and PH, respectively. Foliar applications of biostimulants improved the early and total marketable yield of fresh tomato. The increase of total yield by PE, SWE, and PH was 11.7%, 6.6% and 7.0%, respectively, in comparison with untreated plants. Legume-derived PH increased lycopene, total soluble solids, and K and Mg contents, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the fruits. The applications of SWE, and to a lesser degree PH, enhanced the Ca concentration in the fruit tissue. Our findings indicated that the three tested biostimulants, although they increased the total production cost, improved the nutrient status and yield performance of the crop to a level resulting in net economic benefits.

scholarly journals Effect of Application Techniques on Performance of Propiconazole for Peanut Disease Control

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
H. R. Sumner ◽  
L. R. Chandler ◽  
J. M. Hammond ◽  
A. K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
One Year ◽  
Severe Leaf

Abstract Propiconazole (Tilt®) was applied to Florunner peanut by injection into irrigation water (chemigation) or as a foliar spray. At rates of 0.12-0.25 kg/ha of propiconazole control of both Rhizoctonia limb rot (Rhizoctonia solani AG-4) and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) was inconsistent. Chemigation resulted in the lowest incidence of stem rot, but the incidence of stem rot was only 26% less than the control. Yields from plots receiving chemigation were greater than expected based on disease ratings, indicating that some effects of the fungicide were not being evaluated. Where foliar sprays of chlorothalonil were applied for late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), supplemental applications of propiconazole via chemigation improved leaf spot control. However, substituting chemigated propiconazole for foliar sprays of chlorothalonil consistently resulted in more severe leaf spot and, in one year, decreased yields. Propiconazole is most effective against leaf spot when applied as a foliar spray, whereas chemigation applications provide optimum efficacy against soilborne pathogens of peanut.

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