scholarly journals Surface application of cement kiln dust and lime to forage land: Effect on forage yield, tissue concentration and accumulation of nutrients

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Rodd ◽  
K B McRae ◽  
J A MacLeod ◽  
P R Warman ◽  
M G Grimmett
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Equivalent Basis ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Kiln Dust

Cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of the cement industry currently being landfilled, may be a beneficial soil amendment. A 2-yr field forage trial compared the effect of surface applications of CKD and lime on forage yield and the concentration and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue. Seven soil treatments in three blocks were established on three low pH sites: (1) a check plot with neither lime or CKD added; (2) lime application based on the recommendation from soil analysis; (3) lime at 1.5 times the recommended application; (4) CKD applied at the recommended application; (5) CKD at 1.5 times the recommended application; (6) CKD applied on a neutralizing equivalent basis at the recommended application rate; and (7) CKD on a neutralizing equivalent basis at 1.5 times the recommended lime application; equivalence based on CKD’s apparent neutralizing value at 75% that of lime. In 1998, as tissue concentrations of K, Ca, Cu, and Mn increased with CKD application, the concentrations of N, P and Mg decreased, and in 1999, as the concentrations of Ca, K increased, the concentrations of N, P, Mg Mn, Zn decreased. Lime application increased the concentration of Mg (1998) and Ca and Mg (1999). The concentration of the other nutrients either decreased or were not significantly affected. In1998, forage yield and accumulation of Ca, K, Mn, Cu, Zn and B all increased with CKD addition, whereas the accumulation of Mg increased with lime addition. In 1999, forage yield and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue all increased with CKD addition. These results were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Surface applied CKD increased forage yield to a greater extent than lime. It was also a more readily available source of Ca and K than lime.Key words: Cement kiln dust

scholarly journals Green Stabilization of Clay Soil Using Cement Kiln Dust

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
P. Kodanda Rama Rao ◽  
C. Rajakumar
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Kiln Dust

This research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of cement kiln dust for stabilization of expansive clay soil in Coimbatore. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to CH class of soil in the BIS soil classification system. Soils under this class are generally of poor engineering use. Atterberg limits, free swell, free swell index, compaction, UCS and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with cement kiln dust in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil. Analysis of the results shows that high improvement on the geotechnical properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Cement kiln dust reduces plasticity index, swelling and MDD with an increase in OMC, UCS and CBR with all higher cement kiln dust contents. From this study it was found out that cement kiln dust stabilized soil meet the minimum requirement of IRC pavement specification for use as a sub-grade material in road construction.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS ON INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN CEMENT INDUSTRY AND TEA INDUSTRY

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
R Kalaiyarasi
Keyword(s):  
Cement Industry ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Industrial Symbiosis ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Optimum Dosage ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Kiln Dust

The project aims at analyzing the feasibility of utilizing cement kiln dust (CKD) in treating wastewater from tea industry with the concept of industrial symbiosis. CKD is the dust collected at the air pollution control device(s) associated with a kiln system from cement industry. A very less percent of CKD is recycled and the rest is land filled /stockpiled; disrupts groundwater through leaching of minerals. Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), rich in CaO, SiO2, behaves as a neutralizing as well as stabilizing agent for tea effluent treatment. The ability of CKD to reduce the BOD, COD, TSS, and phosphates in tea effluent was analyzed and the optimum dosage is determined. The effect of different dosages of Cement Kiln Dust ranging from (1-3) gm/l has been discussed on the bench scale tests. The results show that, for different CKD concentrations, high removal efficiencies of 94.4 and 99.0, 58.9 for BOD, TSS, phosphates and a lower efficiency for COD with 9.09 are achieved for 2.5gm/l. The persistent presence of color providing proteins theaflavins (TF) and the arubigins (TR) from the leftover tea leaves in the effluent imparts the low removal efficiencies of COD. However, the COD value is within the dischargeable limits (CPCB standards). Moreover, a considerable removal efficiency and high SVI of 0.181 makes CKD a feasible coagulant in treating tea effluent with optimum dosage of 2.5g/l. The objective of developing industrial symbiosis network was thus achieved using the CKD to treat wastewater from tea industries.   International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 20-34

Characteristics of controlled low-strength materials incorporating cement kiln dust

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lachemi ◽  
K M.A Hossain ◽  
M Shehata ◽  
W Thaha
Keyword(s):  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Strength Material ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Low Strength ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust

This paper presents a study that focuses on evaluating the feasibility of incorporating cement kiln dust (CKD) in the development of controlled low-strength materials (CLSM). A preliminary study (phase I) was conducted (based on fresh and strength properties) to understand the behaviour of 12 selected CLSM mixtures where CKD and cement content varied from 4% to 45% and from 2% to 4% of total mass, respectively. Subsequently, four best CLSM mixes were selected for a detailed study (phase II), which investigated fresh and hardened properties, addressed durability issues, and made recommendations for suitable mix designs for field applications. The research suggests that CLSM with acceptable properties can be developed using moderate volumes of CKD (up to 15% by mass). A combination of 2% cement and 10% CKD or 15% CKD and no cement can provide a mix that satisfies the requirements of a CLSM. Sustainable development in the cement industry can be partly achieved by producing CKD-based CLSM, as it consumes cogenerated products from the cement manufacturing process.Key words: cement kiln dust, controlled low-strength material, mix design, fresh–mechanical properties, durability.

scholarly journals Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bricks Manufactured using Cement Kiln Dust

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1804-1808
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Kiln Dust

the actual increase in global industrial production and manufacturing, produces a continuous increase in amount of industrial waste and continues to emit an all-time high amount of air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. To fight and mitigate these phenomena, proper Waste Management became the pillar of most environmental strategies worldwide. By reduction of consumption, re-use of goods and recycling of products, waste management aims to preserve the resources and to protect the environment. The Cement industry is one of the most important industrial sectors for society development; however it also has significant negative environmental impacts due to its emissions and production of waste. Cement kiln dust (CKD) is an industrial waste or by product which results from cement manufacturing. CKD is fine grained, solid, highly alkaline particulate material chiefly composed of oxidized, anhydrous, micron-sized particles collected from electrostatic precipitators during the production of cement clinker. This research examines the effects of using large amounts of CKD to replace the cement content in the fabrication of solid cement bricks. It is triggered by the quadruple objectives of reducing the amount of cement consumption, disposing efficiently of its industrial waste and producing economic bricks with safe strength. The purpose of this paper is to assess the properties of solid cement bricks containing different amounts of CKD. Cement bricks produced using different amounts of CKD were tested to find their properties and final comparison has been made to identify the effect of using different CKD/Cement ratio on the performance of bricks compared to the reference specimen produced using cement only with no CKD. For the brick mixes, Ordinary Portland cement (OPC), with two cement content of 200kg/m3 and 250kg/m3 were used throughout this investigation. The physical properties; unit weight, water absorption and mechanical properties; compressive strength, flexural strength, of the produced bricks were determined. Results showed that partial replacement of OPC with CKD reduces the brick compressive strength by 18% to 23% for CKD/OPC ratio of 30% and by 36% for CKD/OPC ratio of 50% and in all cases the strength remains largely higher than the standard limit for load bearing bricks.

Fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete containing of cement kiln dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Saad Agwa ◽  
Omar Mohamed Omar Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Kiln Dust

There are many wastes form the cement industry among them cement kiln dust (CKD). This residue is obtained after the process of burning the raw materials of cement in the rotary kiln where it is suctioned by fans during the clinker exit of the rotary kiln. Cement dust is a major environmental and economic problem in terms of high quality air pollution ranging from (20-100) microns and the proportions of chlorides, sulphates, alkali and lime living in a way that threatens the general health of human, as well as water pollution if the waste is discharged by rivers and waterways. This investigation’s main objective is to present the potential of using CKD as a cement replacement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Eight mixes incorporating CKD with partial cement replacement of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 75% in addition to control mix were investigated. The properties of all mixture were determined. Based on the experimental program results, it was found that SCC mixture incorporating 5% to 10% of CKD was almost similar to that of control mixture. The workability of SCC concrete decreased as CKD replacement increased. This established benefits of substituting cement by CKD to make SCC.

Properties of Self-Compacting Cementitious Composite Materials Containing Cement Kiln Dust Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6A) ◽  
pp. 879-886
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Kadhim ◽  
Alaa A. Atiyah ◽  
Shakir A. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Cementitious Composite ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Kiln Dust

This paper aims to investigate the influence of utilization micro cement kiln dust as a sustainable materials additive in order to reduce the voids and micro cracks in the cementitious mortar materials which cause a drastic reduction in the load carrying capacity of the element. Its therefore very important to decrease the pores and enhance the mechanical strength of the cementitious composite materials. In this article, the properties of self-compacting mortar containing micro cement dust additive was experimentally assessed. Micro cement dust powder was added to the self-compacting mortar in (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 %) percentage by weight of cement to be used as cementitious sustainable materials. The experimental results indicated that the modification and enhancement of the workability of fresh mixture and the mechanical strengths of self-compacting mortar were increased as micro cement dust additives increases. Also; the water absorption and total porosity were decreased with increases of micro cement dust powder.

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