Green Stabilization of Clay Soil Using Cement Kiln Dust

This research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of cement kiln dust for stabilization of expansive clay soil in Coimbatore. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to CH class of soil in the BIS soil classification system. Soils under this class are generally of poor engineering use. Atterberg limits, free swell, free swell index, compaction, UCS and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with cement kiln dust in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil. Analysis of the results shows that high improvement on the geotechnical properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Cement kiln dust reduces plasticity index, swelling and MDD with an increase in OMC, UCS and CBR with all higher cement kiln dust contents. From this study it was found out that cement kiln dust stabilized soil meet the minimum requirement of IRC pavement specification for use as a sub-grade material in road construction.

Epidemiology of Osteosarcoma : Single Center Study in Indonesia

Objective- To assess osteosarcoma epidemiology in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital. Material and Methods- This study is a retrospective descriptive study with a crosssectional approach. Patient with musculoskeletal tumour (especially osteosarcoma) in Haji Adam Malik Hospital from January 2012 to Desember 2017 period, got their age, gender, musculoskeletal tumour type, biopsy result, tumour sites, treatment completion, metastasis and amputation status recorded from their medical record. Result-Primary bone tumors is the most cases and found in 50% of musculoskeletal tumors followed by soft tissue tumors and metastatic bone disease. Male (60%) have slightly higher prevalence than female in (40%). The incidence of primary bone tumors shows osteosarcoma, GCT, and osteochondroma are in the top three with 63%, 13%, and 6% respectively. Specifically for osteosarcoma, male and female have 1.9 : 1 prevalence ratio. The most common sites for osteosarcoma is distal the femur (45%) and proximal tibia (29%). About 63% of patients undergo complete treatment and with 55% recorded with metastasis in the first diagnosis and amputation was performed in 89% of patients. Conclusion- Primary bone tumors dominate the data with 50% for musculoskeletal tumors followed by 31% soft tissue tumors and 19% metastatic bone disease. The incidence of musculoskeletal tumors shows that men are slightly higher than women in 60% and 40%. The incidence of primary bone tumors shows osteosarcoma, giant cell tumor, and osteochondroma are in the top three with 63%, 13%, and 6% respectively.

Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of Berberis aristata Leaf in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive, globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels.

Pharmacognostical Investigation of Andrographis paniculata (Green Chiretta) and Crystallization of the Bioactive component Andrographolide

Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is one the most commonly used ethno-medicinal plants in certain parts of Asia and European countries. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves of A. paniculata in aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, hydromethanolic (1:1) and hydroethanolic (1:1) extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins and phenols. The total phenolic, flavonoid contents and FRAP values were found to be highest in the hydromethanolic extract i.e., 0.23 ± 0.008 mg GAE/g of FWt, 0.031± 0.00 mg QE/g FWt and1.261 ± 0.03 mM FeSO4 respectively. Invitro antioxidant capacity by linear regression analysis was measured by assaying DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging capacities. The respective IC50 values of the hydromethanolic extract of the plant were found to be 86.51 μg/ml and 298.27 μg/ml. The IC50 values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by heat induced protein denaturation (IC50 diclofenac = 574.06 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 179.7 μg/ml) and RBC membrane stabilization assay (IC50 diclofenac = 337.64 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 143.07 μg/ml). The IC50 values for in vitro anti-diabetic activities were evaluated by α-amylase inhibition (IC50 acarbose = 379.71 μg/ml, IC50 APE = 328.54 μg/ml). In addition, glucose diffusion was also monitored. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was studied against common pathogens using well diffusion method. The purification of Andrographolide was carried out using different physical separation techniques such as extraction and crystallization followed by drying.

Lucio Phenomenon mimicking with Vasculo necrotic Erithema Nodosum Leprosum: A Case Report

Clinical features of Lucio’s phenomenon (LP), shows a nectorizing erythema, may mimicking Erythema Nodosum leprosum with vasculonecrotic. A 46 years old man presented with diagnosis lepromatous leprosy with Lucio’s phenomenon and diferential diagnosis borderline lepromatous (BL) with vasculonecrotic erithema nodosum leprosum. The patients complained there were painless ulcers on his lower limbs and scrotum, with surrounded by purpuric patches which subsequently became gangrenes and ulcerated for 3 weeks. There was numbness of both hands and feet, the eyelashes, eyebrows baldness since 5 years ago. Patient never got the treatment before. Bacteriological examination showed bacterial index 6+ Histopathology: there were Flattened epidermis by narrow grenz zone, and lymphocyte in perivascular with macrophage. There was endothelial proliferation of capiller. Fite faraco stain showed macrophage infiltration around the perivasculer, with colonization of the endothelial cell by acid fast bacilli and epidermal necrosis and diagnosis as Lepromatous leprosy with Lucio phenomenon. This patient is given adult multiple drug therapy (MDT) therapy, methylprednisolone, neurotrophic vitamins. Lucio’s phenomenon most commonly affects patients with untreated leprosy. Clinically, it may be difficult to differentiate Lucio phenomenon from Erythema nodosum leprosum with vasculonecrotic. In this case, the histopathological examination were colonization of endothelial cell by acid fast bacilli, epidermal necrosis and endothelial proliferation of the vessel.

Preparation and characterization of baicalein loaded phytosomes: Assessment of in vitro parameters

Phytosome is a complex between natural active ingredient and a phospholipid. Further, phytosomes been applied to many popular herbal extracts or active molecules for augmenting oral dissolution. Therefore, in present investigation, orally administered Baicalein, atype of flavanoids, is poorly absorbed, and shows suboptimal dissolution. The phytosomes encapsulating baicalein (1:1 Mm) were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method followed by lyophilization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that phytosomes were almost spherical in shape with particle size below 100 nm. The Powder ex-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that Baicalein loaded phytosomes were amorphous in nature. Amorphization of therapeutic moiety leads to improvement in dissolution. In conclusion, epigallocatechin loaded phytosomes exhibited promising results and warrant further in vitro andin vivo investigations under a set of stringent parameters for transforming in to a clinically viable products.

Solubility Enhancement of Poorly soluble Drugs by using Novel Techniques : A Comprehensive Review

The primary aim of this review was to improve the solubility and Bioavailability of BCS Class-II drugs because of their low solubility and dissolution rate. Solubility is one of the imp parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Hence the class- II drugs require enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate in there formulation development particularly in solid dosage form such as in tablet and capsule. So because of this there are several methods and newer emerging technologies have been developed for increasing the solubility as well as Bioavailability of class –II drugs. In this article review on literature on newer techniques or methods as well as recent research on formulation development of class- II drugs was done.

A Survey on Oral Antidiabetic Drugs available in Market for Non-complicated Diabetic Patients within Ratnagiri Region

Background: This survey was designed to analyze the current oral anti-diabetic drugs prescribed for non-complicated diabetic patients within Ratnagiri region on the basis of variation in prices of same drug available in different brands. Methods: The present survey has been conducted for a period of 4 months involving number of medical stores in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, Doctors and Patients with randomly evaluating around 650 prescriptions. A standard questionnaire was prepared containing different questions; based on patient’s data (such as age, gender, disease history and medications), Doctor’s data (commonly prescribed drug, combination) and chemist data (available alternatives, cost and most selling brands). Results: Statistical analysis of patients data revels that there were 47.5% patients are in between the ages of 50 to 60 years and 92.5 % patient depends on oral antidiabetic drugs. Hypertension was the most common complication found among them (54%). Data from Doctor’s during survey suggested Metformin as mostly prescribed drug to patients having type- II Diabetes Mellitus as a single entity or in fixed dose combinations with Glimiperide or Gliclazide. An exhaustive survey over medical shops revealed that many brands of Metformin and Metformin in combination with Glimiperide or Gliclazide are available in market, but Glycomate (Metformin), Glycomate GP-1 (Metformin and Glimiperide) and Glizid-M (Metformin and Gliclazide) is mostly prescribed by Doctors and sold by Chemist though their cheapest alternatives are available in market. Cost analysis indicates that, wide variation in price of several brands (75-87 %) for oral anti-diabetics. Annual Turnover of these products in Indian domestic market indicates dominance of USV Pvt. Ltd. and Mankind Ltd. over other Pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions: This report will create better awareness among people for the availability of various brands of same anti-diabetic drug and also motivate our physicians to prescribe the economic products.

Acne:Clinico-Epidemiological Study In DermatologyVenereology Outpatient Clinic Of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang During January 2016 – December 2018

Although acne is usually recognized as an adolescent skin disorder, the prevalence of adults with acne is increasing. The clinical and epidemiological data of acne were evaluated with a view to establishing possible contributing etiological factors and observing whether clinical features differ from adolescent acne. Division of Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic Dr. M. Djamil hospital padang during January 2016 until December 2018.Retrospective study performed in Medical Cosmetic Division of Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic Dr. M. Djamil hospital padang during January 2016 until December 2018. Data was taken from medical records. Out of 224 patients included in the study 54.01% were women and 45.98 % were men. Majority of the patients had comedonal acne (45.53 %), whereas nodulocystic was the least common (13.39%). Most common predominant site of involvement was cheek (44.20 %), followed by chin (25.45 %), and mandibular area (14.58 %). Family history of acne was present in 57.70 %. Scarring was observed in a 39.2 %. Acne is predominant in women, with the most commonly involved of the cheeks, with the most common type was comedones type.

Insights on traditional and modern oil extractions of wheat germ: Chemical and antimicrobial evaluation

Medicinal plants particularly with higher nutritional values are attracting the attention of both the pharmacological and nutritional affairs. In the present study, we extracted the wheat germ oil with cold press, hexane as well as supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). All were chemically and biologically (antimicrobial) evaluated to investigate how far can the differential in fatty acid composition affect the biological properties. The most eminent result was recorded by SC-CO2 oil. It was the only among the extracted oils that possessed moderate antibacterial and strong antifungal activities.