Efforts to rehabilitate the disabled in Pakistan: A study in terms Prophet’s (peace be upon him) teachings

The persons with debilities may have long-term physical, mental, logical or sensual injuries which in contact with several obstacles may obstruct their full and actual contribution in the society on an equivalent basis with others. In the early era, disable people were treated badly, even sometimes they were killed. While being the religion of peace, Islam doesn’t allow any of such inhuman behavior but provide them relaxation in its commandments and the people who treat them properly are appreciated. In Pakistan, several efforts are made to rehabilitate the disabled ones. This paper is an attempt to show these efforts and compare it with the teachings of Prophet (peace be upon him) regarding people with disabilities; which will be a fruitful contribution for the welfare of the people with disabilities.

Generalization of the basis property on finite groups

A group [Formula: see text] has the Basis Property if every subgroup [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] has an equivalent basis (minimal generating set). We studied a special case of the finite group with the Basis Property, when [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] is an abelian group. We found the necessary and sufficient conditions on an abelian [Formula: see text]-group [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with the Basis Property to be kernel of Frobenius group.

New UK immigration plans will favour non-EU migrants

Subject UK immigration plans. Significance The UK government has announced plans for the immigration system for workers after the end of the Brexit transition period in December 2020. Free movement will end, and the new system will treat all EU citizens (except Irish citizens) and non-EU citizens on a broadly equivalent basis. Impacts Sectors adversely affected by the new immigration plans will have to invest strongly in new recruitment methods. Immigration restrictions will increase the number of low-skilled EU workers heading to countries such as Germany, France and Ireland. There may be some upward pressure on wages in specific sectors, although the overall impact on real wages is likely to be small.

Municipal Bonds

This chapter discusses various types of municipal bonds, which represent an important part of the bond market. After providing a brief history of municipal bonds, the chapter then discusses two major types of municipal bonds: general obligation and revenue bonds. The next topics focus on tax exemption, credit considerations, and municipal bond structuring alternatives such as fixed, variable, and serial debt. Next, the chapter discusses the municipal bond value proposition resulting from comparatively low rates of default coupled with relatively high investment returns on a taxable equivalent basis. The chapter also highlights several “hot button” issues facing the municipal bond market such as pension bonds, private-public partnerships, and types of bond sales.

Comparison of Ufh and Enoxaparin Originated from Bovine, Ovine and Porcine Mucosa with Functional Coagulation Assays

Background Heparin is a widely used clinical anticoagulant. It is a linearglycosaminoglycan with an average mass between 10 and 20kDa and is primarily composed oftrisulfated disaccharides comprised of 1,4-linkediduronic acid and glucosamine residues containing someglucuronic acid residues.Heparin is biosynthesized in the Golgi of mast cells commonly found in the liver, intestines, and lungs. Pharmaceuticalheparin currently used in the United States is primarily extracted from porcine intestines. Other sources ofheparin including bovine or ovine intestine are being examined as potential substitutes for porcine intestinalheparin. These additional sources are intended to serve to diversify theheparin supply, making this lifesaving drug more available. Aim . The present in vitro study examines bovine, ovine and porcineunfractionated heparin (UFH) and respective low molecular weight heparinenoxaparin and compares these to thecommercialy available heparins. Methods. Independent samples of platelet poor (PPP) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) from 5 healthy volunteers were spiked with increasing concentrations (from 1 to 10 μg/ml) UFH or enoxaparin of bovine, ovine or porcine origin. Commercially available UFH (Calciparin¨) and enoxaparin (Lovenox¨/Clexan¨) were used as comparators. The studied agents were added in plasma at gravimetrically equal concentrations. The specific anti-Xa activity was measured in PPP (using the STA-Liquid anti-Xa assay) and thrombin generation was assessed in PPP and PRP with the Calibrated Automated Thrombogram (CAT¨) from Diagnostica Stago (France). Thrombin generation was triggered with PPP-reagent¨ or PRP-reagent¨ or by the presence of pancreatic cancer cells BXPC3 or breast cancer cells MCF7 as described elsewhere (Rousseau et al Thromb Res. 2015;136:1273-9). The activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (aPTT) was measured with the conventional assays on STA-R¨ instrument. Results. The anti-Xa activity per microgram of the studied preparations of UFH andenoxaparin as well as theconcentrations which induced a 2-fold prolongation of theaPTT are shown in Table 1. The studied compounds had different anti-Xa activity when compared at gravimetrically equivalent basis. When compared at anti-Xa equivalent basis the studied compounds had the similar potency to double theaPTT. The UFH from bovine, ovine or porcine origin as well asCalciparine¨ at the concentration of 0.6 anti-Xa IU/ml as well asenoxaparin of bovine, ovine or porcine origin andLovenox¨/Clexan¨ completely abrogated thrombin generation induced by physiologically relevant tissue factor andprocoagulantphospholipid concentration in PPP or PRP. At the same concentration (0.6 anti-Xa IU/ml) the studied preparation of UFH andenoxaparin inhibited thrombin generation triggered by pancreatic cancer cells or breast cancer cells. Conclusions. UFH orenoxaparin from different species demonstrate similar functional properties on the inhibition of blood coagulation independent of theprocoagulant trigger, when compared on the basis of equivalent anti-Xa activity. The establishment of functional criteria for the evaluation heparins originated from different species is warranted to demonstrate theirbiosimilarity. Table 1 Comparison of the UFH andenoxaparin from different origin on the basis of their anti-Xa activity per microgram and on their potential to double theaPTT. Values are means ±sdfrom 5 experiments. Table 1. Comparison of the UFH andenoxaparin from different origin on the basis of their anti-Xa activity per microgram and on their potential to double theaPTT. / Values are means ±sdfrom 5 experiments. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Surface application of cement kiln dust and lime to forage land: Effect on forage yield, tissue concentration and accumulation of nutrients

Cement kiln dust (CKD), a by-product of the cement industry currently being landfilled, may be a beneficial soil amendment. A 2-yr field forage trial compared the effect of surface applications of CKD and lime on forage yield and the concentration and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue. Seven soil treatments in three blocks were established on three low pH sites: (1) a check plot with neither lime or CKD added; (2) lime application based on the recommendation from soil analysis; (3) lime at 1.5 times the recommended application; (4) CKD applied at the recommended application; (5) CKD at 1.5 times the recommended application; (6) CKD applied on a neutralizing equivalent basis at the recommended application rate; and (7) CKD on a neutralizing equivalent basis at 1.5 times the recommended lime application; equivalence based on CKD’s apparent neutralizing value at 75% that of lime. In 1998, as tissue concentrations of K, Ca, Cu, and Mn increased with CKD application, the concentrations of N, P and Mg decreased, and in 1999, as the concentrations of Ca, K increased, the concentrations of N, P, Mg Mn, Zn decreased. Lime application increased the concentration of Mg (1998) and Ca and Mg (1999). The concentration of the other nutrients either decreased or were not significantly affected. In1998, forage yield and accumulation of Ca, K, Mn, Cu, Zn and B all increased with CKD addition, whereas the accumulation of Mg increased with lime addition. In 1999, forage yield and accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Cu, Zn and B in the forage tissue all increased with CKD addition. These results were identified by principal component analysis (PCA). Surface applied CKD increased forage yield to a greater extent than lime. It was also a more readily available source of Ca and K than lime.Key words: Cement kiln dust

Comparative Effects of NaCl and CaCl2 Salinity on Cucumber Grown in a Closed Hydroponic System

The objective of this study was to discriminate among Na, Cl, and Ca salinity effects on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Cucumber plants grown in perlite were exposed for 134 days to low and moderate levels of salinity induced by the addition of either NaCl or CaCl2 at equal rates (on a chemical equivalent basis) to a standard nutrient solution for cucumber up to two target electrical conductivity (EC) levels (3.0 and 5.0 dS·m–1). The experimental treatments included also a control, which was irrigated with the standard nutrient solution without additional salt. The mean EC values in the drainage solution were 2.35, 3.94, 4.2, 6.31, and 6.35 dS·m–1 for the control, low NaCl, low CaCl2, high NaCl, and high CaCl2 treatments, respectively. The fresh and dry weights of stems and leaves were reduced only under conditions of high NaCl salinity, whereas root mass was not affected. Fruit yield decreased in proportion to the increase in NaCl salinity, while CaCl2 salinity reduced yield only at the high EC, to a level that corresponded to the low NaCl salinity. The suppression of yield with increasing salinity resulted mainly from a decrease in fruit size, while the number of fruit per plant was reduced to a lesser extent. These changes caused a reduction in the number of Class I fruit and an increase in nonmarketable produce. Both salinity sources enhanced the total soluble solids and the fruit chlorophyll concentration. NaCl salinity appreciably raised the concentrations of Na and Cl in young and old leaves, and suppressed the K concentration. CaCl2 salinity increased leaf Cl and Ca levels and diminished Mg and K. It is concluded that cucumber is more susceptible to NaCl salinity than to equal EC levels of CaCl2 salinity.