EFFETS DE LA FUMURE POTASSIQUE ET DES RÉGIMES HYDRIQUES SUR LA RÉPONSE AU POTASSIUM DE LA LUZERNE ET DE LA FLÉOLE DES PRÉS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-823
Author(s):  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
A. R. PESANT ◽  
G. M. BARNETT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Potassium Uptake ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Soil

The objectives of this study were to determine the changes in yield response and water use efficiency of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'Saranac') and timothy (Phleum pratense L. 'Climax') to potassium applications and variations in soil moisture regimes. For each of the two test crops the factorial combination of the following treatments were replicated three times: three soils (Ste Rosalie clay, Greensboro loam, and Danby sandy loam), potassium (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg K kg−1 of dry soil) and three moisture levels: (1) optimal, 70–100% of available water (AW); (2) semi-dry, 0–100% AW; and (3) dry, 0–50% AW. Yield increases of 68% for alfalfa and 40% for timothy were produced by potassium applied to soil under the optimal moisture regime with almost no yield increase under dry soil moisture conditions. Water use efficiency was higher for alfalfa than for timothy, and increased with rates of potassium on Greensboro loam and Danby sandy loam but not on Ste Rosalie clay. Potassium content of alfalfa was lower when grown at optimal soil moisture than in the dry regime. Differences in potassium content between moisture regimes were small for timothy. Due to higher yields, potassium uptake by alfalfa was greater when soils were cropped at optimal moisture. However, less exchangeable potassium was found after the experiment in soils cropped to alfalfa in the optimal moisture regime than in soils under the dry moisture regime. Therefore potassium fertilizer was most effective at the optimal moisture level (near field capacity). Key words: Potassium fertilization, exchangeable potassium, soil moisture regime, potassium uptake, alfalfa, timothy

Studies on Transpiration Suppressants on Spring Sorghum in North-Western India in Relation to Soil Moisture Regimes. I. Effect on Yield and Water Use Efficiency

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
D. Boobathi Babu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Western India ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYThe results of field experiments conducted in the spring seasons (February/March to June) of 1980 and 1981 indicate that grain yields of sorghum increased with increase in frequency of irrigation. Crops sprayed with atrazine or CCC yielded more than the unsprayed control; maximum yields were obtained by the application of atrazine at 200 g ha−1. Water use efficiency decreased with increase in irrigation but increased as a result of spraying crops with either chemical. Irrigation water can be saved by the spraying of atrazine or CCC onto spring-sown sorghum.

Studies on Transpiration Suppressants on Spring Sorghum in North-Western India in Relation to Soil Moisture Regimes. I. Effect on Yield and Water Use Efficiency

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Boobathi Babu ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Western India ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYThe results of field experiments conducted in the spring seasons (February/March to June) of 1980 and 1981 indicate that grain yields of sorghum increased with increase in frequency of irrigation. Crops sprayed with atrazine or CCC yielded more than the unsprayed control; maximum yields were obtained by the application of atrazine at 200 g ha−1. Water use efficiency decreased with increase in irrigation but increased as a result of spraying crops with either chemical. Irrigation water can be saved by the spraying of atrazine or CCC onto spring-sown sorghum.

scholarly journals Soil moisture prediction, evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max L.) crop under variable weather conditions in a semi-arid environment

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-690
Author(s):  
S. PRADHAN ◽  
V. K. SEHGAL ◽  
D. K. DAS ◽  
K. K. BANDYOPADHYAY ◽  
A. K. JAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2009 and 2010 in a sandy loam soil of New Delhi to study the effect of weather, achieved by sowing at normal (D1) and late (D2), on soil moisture prediction, evapotranspiration (ET), yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of three varieties (V1: JS 335, V2: Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814) of soybean. Study of soybean phenology showed that there was reduction in the number of days taken for the crop to complete life cycle with delayed sowing. The agrometeorological water balance model could satisfactorily predict soil moisture content during soybean crop growth period with RMSE (%) varying between 6.27 to 12.06 and correlation coefficient between 0.828 to 0.982. The ET decreased significantly with delay in sowing; however there was no significant variation among the varieties. Among the stages of the soybean crop, mid season stage had highest ET followed by development stage, late season stage and initial stage. Normal sowing resulted in higher yield but lower WUE than the late sowing. Among the cultivars, JS 335 resulted in lower yield and WUE than Pusa 9712 and Pusa 9814. It may be recommended that, Pusa 9712 or Pusa 9814 may be sown during first and second week of July (normal sowing) to achieve higher yield in the semi-arid environment of Delhi region.

scholarly journals Hydro-Priming of Seed Improves the Water Use Efficiency, Grain Yield and Net Economic Return of Wheat under Different Moisture Regimes

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Pal Meena ◽  
R Sendhil ◽  
SC Tripathi ◽  
Subhash Chander ◽  
RS Chhokar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Crop Establishment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Dry Soil

Wheat is the second most important staple food crop of India and contributes a major share to food basket of the country. Since majority of the area under wheat is irrigated, it consumes huge quantity of fresh water for its cultivation. The availability of good quality water for irrigation is decreasing over a period of time due to vagaries of monsoon, urbanization and industrialization. The biggest challenge on this front is to improve the efficiency and productivity of water being used in existing cropping system. Therefore, it is the need of hour to improve water use efficiency for wheat production. In the milieu, the present investigation was taken with an objective of studying the effect of pre-germinated seed in crop establishment under sub-optimal soil moisture conditions by using the residual soil moisture after harvesting of rice in Indo-Gangetic plains, so that pre sowing irrigation requirement for crop establishment may be cut and reduced in time period which require from pre-sowing irrigation to field preparation. This experiment was conducted for two consecutive years 2010-11 and 2011-12 to evaluate the influence of hydropriming on the water use efficiency and grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under moisture stress. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications keeping moisture stress treatments (optimum moisture, sub-optimal moisture and dry soil followed by irrigation) in main plots and seed priming treatments (dry seed, hydropriming, and pre-germinated seeds) in subplots. Pregerminated seed produced significantly higher grain yield (5.49 t ha-1), which was statistically similar to hydropriming (5.30 t ha-1). Various seeding methods were statistically at par. The hydro-primed and pregerminated seeds established earlier than dry seeds leading to better crop establishment under optimum, sub optimum soil moisture as well as dry soil conditions leading to higher tillering and grain yield. The results of experiment showed that priming with plain water and pre-germinated seeds improved germination indices, seedling growth and crop establishment. Since priming with plain water and to have pregerminated seeds is simple and cheap method, which can increase germination percentage and homogeneity of seedling emergence under water stress conditions and it can be easily used by farmers. Interactive effect of different seed priming techniques along with seeding at sub optimal soil moisture level proved to be an efficient technique for enhancing water productivity of wheat crop. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18410 SAARC J. Agri., 11(2): 149-159 (2013)

scholarly journals Effects of harvesting and drought on CO2 and H2O fluxes in an aspen-dominated western boreal plain forest: early chronosequence recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Petrone ◽  
L. Chasmer ◽  
C. Hopkinson ◽  
U. Silins ◽  
S.M. Landhäusser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stand Height

This study examines the hydrological recovery of two regenerating boreal trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) dominated stands and the sensitivity of that regeneration to drought within the first 5 years of establishment. The results indicate that evapotranspiration fluxes and water-use efficiency rebounded quickly as a result of new vegetation foliage growth and wet conditions found within the first 2 years following the harvest. However, a period of dry years had a significant influence on rates of postharvest growth, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water fluxes at these sites. The northern study area (NSA) and southern study area (SSA) were harvested in the winters of 2007 and 2008, respectively. The first and second years of regeneration at the SSA and NSA, respectively, were marked by an early spring thaw and higher-than-normal precipitation, while air temperatures remained slightly above the 30-year normal. During this period, mean measured height of vegetation tripled at both sites, and cumulative evapotranspiration was approximately 60% of that prior to harvest by the end of the second year of growth. By the third year (2009), the NSA became a sink for atmospheric CO2 during the snow free season (days of the year 128–238) despite low precipitation during the latter half of the summer. Volumetric soil moisture content in 2009 was the highest (on average) of the 5 years examined due to heavy snowfall and a late start to the growing season (where air temperatures consistently exceeded 0 °C), resulting in sustained productivity. However, cumulative annual precipitation also declined to 79% and 57% in 2009 and 2010, respectively, of the 30-year normal for that region, leading to significant (lagged) declines in forest productivity at the NSA in 2010 and 2011. This resulted in the site becoming a source of CO2 to the atmosphere during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons (annual balance was not measured). Throughout the drought period (2009, 2010, and 2011), mean stand height increased by only 15%, 11%, and 14%, respectively, compared with the mean stand height in 2008. Water-use efficiency also declined in 2010 and 2011, whereas differences in light-use efficiency did not vary significantly because foliage was maintained (i.e., leaves did not abscise as a result of drought). The results of this study indicate that regenerating aspen stands are sensitive to drought and respond relatively quickly to changes in the soil moisture regime. This is important because regional drying as a result of predicted climatic changes combined with increased industrial activity may result in significant decline in productivity within these stands over broad regions.

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