Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
M. Trought
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Colour Development

Rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) is a major problem in many cherry growing regions throughout the world. One method to reduce cracking is to grow cracking resistant cultivars; however, no completely effective control measures are currently available to eliminate this problem. Studies conducted in New Zealand to test the ameliorating properties of gibberellic acid sprays to reduce cracking were examined. The results revealed that repeated or singular foliar applications at 10 or 40 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively, increased both fruit cracking, and fruit firmness, but delayed fruit colour development. Key words: Prunus avium, cherry splitting, cracking

scholarly journals Bio-Efficacy Evaluation of Ethephon 39% Sl on Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicuml.) Fruits

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
U. THAPA ◽  
B. ASHOK KUMAR ◽  
D. GURUNG ◽  
R. MONDAL
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Acceptable Quality ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Better Than

The present experiment was undertaken to study the effect of ethephon 39%SL on post-harvest quality of Tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicon L.). The mature green tomato fruits were subjected to aqueous solution of ethephon 39%SL @ 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 and 3500 ppm to record the data on colour development of fruit. Colour of fruits was observed to be improved with ethephon applications and maximized yellow colour development was noticed from 5th day of ripening period. The weight loss higher with concentration of ethephon and ripening interval. Upto 7th day of treatment fruit not showed any symptoms of rotting. But fruit firmness gradually reduced with advancement of storage in the treatments and at 3500ppm ethephon 39%SL treatment. The quality of fruit especially lycopene and TSS content increased with advancement of ripening period. Treatment with ethephon 39%SL @ 2500 ppm resulted in adequate ripening of fruits with uniform red colour, acceptable quality and better than all treatments of ethephon.

scholarly journals Brine Quality of Gibberellic Acid-treated `Napoleon' Sweet Cherries

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Facteau ◽  
N.E. Chestnut ◽  
K.E. Rowe ◽  
C. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Sweet Cherries

Gibberellic acid-treated `Napoleon' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit were firmer but lost more weight during brining than nontreated fruit. GA treatment delayed fruit softening, thereby extending the harvest period. Mean fruit weight was increased by GA only in fruit harvested at a more mature state. GA delayed soluble solids accumulation in one of two years. In one orchard district, solution pockets were less frequent in GA -treated fruit in 1988 and in late-harvested GA -treated fruit in 1989. GA treatment did not alter the incidence of fruit with solution pockets in a second district in 1988 and increased levels of solution pockets in fruit harvested later in 1989. Incidence of fruit with solution pockets increased as maturity progressed in nontreated fruit in both years and both districts. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (G A).

Effects of simulated chlorsulfuron drift on fruit yield and quality of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Bhatti ◽  
Allan S Felsot ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Sorkle Kadir ◽  
Robert Parker
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Prunus Avium L

Evaluation of BASINS/WinHSPF applicability for pollutant loading estimation for a Korean watershed

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Jeon ◽  
C.G. Yoon ◽  
J.H. Ham ◽  
K.W. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Pollutant Loading ◽  
Model Efficiency

Applicability of a widely accepted watershed-based water quality assessment tool (BASINS) and its associated watershed model (WinHSPF) was evaluated on the Seamangeum watershed in Korea. The study site is the largest polder project area in Korea and its environmental quality has been debated for the last five years. BASINS was found to be a convenient and powerful tool for assessment of watershed characteristics, and provided various tools to delineate the watershed into land segments and river reaches, reclassify land use, and parameterize for WinHSPF simulation. Calibration results were satisfactory showing model efficiency over 0.80 for stream flow, temperature, and dissolved oxygen simulation, and model output for water quality constituents also reasonably matched the observed data. It was demonstrated that calibration with dry-day data for a relatively long period might be adequate to simulate hydrologic characteristics and water quality of the watershed with WinHSPF, and using parameters generated with BASINS for nonpoint source pollution simulation is suggested when enough wet-day monitoring data are not available. The unit-area load of biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus was 27.8, 48.2, and 4.3 kg/ha/yr, respectively. These values are within the expected range but on the high side of the reported values, which implies that effective control measures are required to protect water quality of the downstream reservoir. Overall, BASINS/WinHSPF was applicable and found to be a powerful tool in pollutant loading estimation from the watershed, and its use in Korea is recommended.

Influence of calcium and gibberellic acid preharvest treatments in sweet cherries (Prunus avium L. ‘Burlat’, ‘Sunburst’, ‘Ambrunes’ and ‘Sweetheart’) quality and sensory parameters

2017 ◽  
pp. 603-606
Author(s):  
D. González-Gómez ◽  
M.C. Ayuso ◽  
M.J. Bernalte ◽  
M.T. Hernández ◽  
M. Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Sensory Parameters ◽  
Prunus Avium L

scholarly journals Rain Cracking in Sweet Cherries is not Due to Excess Water Uptake but to Localized Skin Phenomena

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Winkler ◽  
Stefanie Peschel ◽  
Kathleen Kohrs ◽  
Moritz Knoche
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Local Exposure ◽  
Skin Wetness ◽  
Phase Water

Rain cracking of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit is commonly thought to result from excessive net water uptake. This excess increases flesh turgor, which then strains and eventually ruptures the skin at the weakest point. This idea—the critical turgor hypothesis—assumes the fruit comprises a semifluid flesh, held under pressure by a taut skin. The objectives of this study were to test the validity of this popular hypothesis. We investigated the effects of 1) the different pathways of water uptake and 2) the fruit’s water balance on cracking. Incubating fruit of 19 cultivars in water resulted in rapid fruit cracking. The time to 50% cracking (T50) averaged 7.5 ± 1.3 hours with considerable variability between cultivars (T50 range from 1.5 to 18.6 hours). The amount of water taken up at 50% cracking (WU50) averaged 96.5 ± 17.6 mg (WU50 range from 17.7 to 331.5 mg). There was no correlation between either the T50 or the WU50, and the rate of water uptake. Also, there was no correlation between the values of T50 (r = 0.58) and only a weak correlation between the values of WU50 (r = 0.80*) determined in different years. Comparing the value of WU50 under incubation vs. under perfusion revealed a 3.9- to 38-fold higher WU50 under perfusion (397.6 to 1840 mg) than under incubation (48.8 to 102.6 mg). This marked dissimilarity remained, regardless of pretreatments with isotonic polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 to induce microcracking or by manipulation of skin wetness during perfusion. Sealing the pedicel/fruit junction markedly decreased the rate of water uptake under incubation. It had no effect on the T50, and it markedly decreased the WU50. Similarly, manually induced skin defects greatly increased the rate of water uptake but, with few exceptions, had no effect on the T50, whereas, the WU50 had increased. The location on the fruit surface of the resulting cracks was not related to the region of the skin in which the manual defect was induced. Allowing the fruit to transpire increased both, the T50 and the WU50. Interestingly, the amount of water lost by transpiration exceeded the amount that was subsequently required to cause cracking up to 5-fold. Incubating fruit with their stylar ends immersed in water, whereas their remaining surfaces were in air of 0%, 28%, 75%, or 100% relative humidity (RH) resulted in net losses of water of up to 5.9 ± 0.7 mg·h−1, nevertheless their stylar ends still cracked. All our results indicate rain cracking in sweet cherries is a localized phenomenon that is not related to the net fruit water balance (the critical turgor hypothesis) but is the result of more local exposure of the fruit skin to liquid-phase water (the zipper hypothesis).

scholarly journals Effects of Preharvest Gibberellic Acid Applications on Fruit Quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ Sweet Cherry

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih A. Canli ◽  
Hikmet Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Pedicel Length ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Optimum Application

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) applications on fruit quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium), a low cropping and a large-fruited variety. ‘0900 Ziraat’ trees were sprayed with 0, 15, 20, and 25 ppm GA3, when the fruit were at their straw-yellow color stage. Fruit quality was evaluated at harvest in terms of size, firmness, pedicel length, and soluble solids content (SSC) to determine the optimum application. Fruit treated with GA3 were significantly larger and firmer than the controls. There were no differences in fruit firmness within the different levels of GA3 treatment; however, fruit treated with 20 and 25 ppm GA3 were significantly larger than the fruit treated with 15 ppm GA3. Trees treated with the optimum concentration of GA3 (25 ppm) in two different locations yielded fruit with 13.4% and 14.1% greater weight and 38% and 25% higher firmness. GA3 treatments did not affect pedicel length. The effect of GA3 application on SSC was complex; there was a significant interaction between GA3 and location. Being firmer than the controls, the GA3-treated fruit could be harvested at a later date than the controls.

scholarly journals 131 Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatments for Disinfestation of `Bing' Sweet Cherry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412A-412
Author(s):  
Krista C. Shellie ◽  
Lisa Neven ◽  
Steve Drake
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature

Phytosanitary restrictions for insect pests can interfere with the marketing of fresh sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.). The objective of this research was to compare the quality of controlled atmosphere temperature treated (CAT) sweet cherries to methyl bromide fumigated cherries and non-heated, non-fumigated control fruit. Two CAT doses were evaluated: a 25-min exposure to 47 °C (117 °F) that heated the cherry center to 46 °C (115 °F), and a 40-min exposure to 45 °C (113 °F) that heated the cherries to a center temperature of 44 °C (111 °F). These heat doses approximated a heat dose that provides quarantine security against codling moth (Cydia pomonella Lw.) and western cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata Lw.). An atmosphere of 1 kPa oxygen and 15 kPa carbon dioxide was established inside the treatment chamber for 21 min prior to heating. The influence on fruit quality of hydrocooling prior to the CAT treatment, cooling after treatment, and 2 weeks of cold storage after treatment in air or controlled atmosphere was evaluated. Each CAT dose was replicated four times using freshly harvested, `Bing' sweet cherries acquired from similar grower lots. Quality attributes evaluated included: stem and fruit color, firmness, soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, decay, and sensory evaluations. Hydrocooling prior to treatment, cooling method after heating and storage atmosphere had no significant influence on cherry quality after cold storage. The stem color of fumigated cherries was less green after storage than CAT treated cherries or untreated, control cherries. Cherries heated for 25 min were rated after cold storage by untrained panelists as similar to non-heated, non-fumigated control fruit. Heated cherries and methyl bromide fumigated cherries were less firm after cold storage than control fruit.

scholarly journals PENGARUH FOSFIN (PH3) TERHADAP MORTALITAS HAMA GUDANG Sitophilus oryzae L. PADA KOMODITAS GANDUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Sarah Zulfiyah Febrianti ◽  
Suharto Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Average Adult

 ABSTRACTWheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the commodities cereals are consumed by people in Indonesia. Indonesia climate conditions that are less in accordance with the growth and development of wheat crops affect food security of Indonesia. The imports of wheat Indonesia tend to increase from over the years. In the process, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus which is major insect pest of grain so that it causes damage and decrease of quality of grain. Therefore, effective control measures of this insect pest by quarantine officers are important. Phosphine solid formulations are expected to control pests S. oryzae effectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the dosage and exposure time which will were effectively kill S. oryzae on wheat commodities. S. oryzae on wheat was exposed to phosphine at 3 dosage (0.5 gr/m3, 1 gr/m3, and 1.5 gr/m3) and exposure times (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours). Moreover, mortality test of adult insect and adult insect of F1 offspring. Results showed that application of phosphine at dosage of 0.5 gr/m3, 1 gr/m3 and 1.5 gr/m3 with exposure time 18 and 24 hours completely killed 100% mortality adult insect of S. oryzae on wheat commodities. Dosage 1.5 gr/m3 with exposure time 24 hours show the average adult insect of F1 offspring as much as one tail.  Keywords: Sitophilus oryzae L., Phosphine (PH3), Wheat

Incidence and type of cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) are affected by genotype and season

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Measham ◽  
S. A. Bound ◽  
A. J. Gracie ◽  
S. J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Commercial Harvest ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Crack Type ◽  
Harvest Maturity

Rain induced fruit cracking in sweet cherries takes 3 distinct forms: stem end cuticular fractures, calyx end cuticular fractures, and large cracks usually deep into the pulp on the cheek of the fruit. A 4-year study of sweet cherry varieties from a commercial orchard in Tasmania, Australia, was conducted to investigate the incidence of crack type and its relative likelihood, as influenced by both genotype and season. Although all 3 crack types developed in the 3-week period before commercial harvest, the extent of cracking was strongly controlled by season. While initial development of cracks coincided with rainfall, no relationship between amount of rain and incidence of cracking was found for crack type. A significant relationship was found between the tangential stress experienced by fruit skin from fruit at harvest maturity and the incidence of cracking recorded in the orchard. No other fruit property (pulp osmotic potential, fruit diameter, weight) explained the differences in incidence of cracking in the field between seasons or varieties. The results suggest that management of cracking needs to consider both varietal and seasonal factors. The development of turgor in maturing fruit also needs further investigation.

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