scholarly journals PENGARUH FOSFIN (PH3) TERHADAP MORTALITAS HAMA GUDANG Sitophilus oryzae L. PADA KOMODITAS GANDUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Sarah Zulfiyah Febrianti ◽  
Suharto Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Average Adult

 ABSTRACTWheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the commodities cereals are consumed by people in Indonesia. Indonesia climate conditions that are less in accordance with the growth and development of wheat crops affect food security of Indonesia. The imports of wheat Indonesia tend to increase from over the years. In the process, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus which is major insect pest of grain so that it causes damage and decrease of quality of grain. Therefore, effective control measures of this insect pest by quarantine officers are important. Phosphine solid formulations are expected to control pests S. oryzae effectively. The objectives of this study were to determine the dosage and exposure time which will were effectively kill S. oryzae on wheat commodities. S. oryzae on wheat was exposed to phosphine at 3 dosage (0.5 gr/m3, 1 gr/m3, and 1.5 gr/m3) and exposure times (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours). Moreover, mortality test of adult insect and adult insect of F1 offspring. Results showed that application of phosphine at dosage of 0.5 gr/m3, 1 gr/m3 and 1.5 gr/m3 with exposure time 18 and 24 hours completely killed 100% mortality adult insect of S. oryzae on wheat commodities. Dosage 1.5 gr/m3 with exposure time 24 hours show the average adult insect of F1 offspring as much as one tail.  Keywords: Sitophilus oryzae L., Phosphine (PH3), Wheat

CONTROLLING SUFETULA SPP.: A COCONUT INSECT PEST ON PEAT SOILS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. BONNEAU ◽  
M. HUSNI ◽  
L. BEAUDOIN-OLLIVIER ◽  
JOKO SUSILO
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Depressive Effect ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
The Impact

We demonstrated experimentally that Sufetula, a root-mining insect, has a depressive effect on coconut yields on peat soils. The impact of the pest resulted in a shortfall in earnings that warranted taking control measures. We considered control methods suitable for rehabilitating infested mature coconut plantings and for preserving young coconut plantings. Currently, cultural control is the only effective method. It involves eliminating all identified shelters for the adult insect, i.e. fern cover and heaps of coconut waste (dry fronds and husks). The aim is to achieve totally bare soil, with moss cover that does not attract the pest, or planted with an unattractive intercrop such as pineapple.

Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit cracking and quality of Bing and Sam sweet cherries

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cline ◽  
M. Trought
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fruit Colour ◽  
Fruit Cracking ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Colour Development

Rain-induced cracking of sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) is a major problem in many cherry growing regions throughout the world. One method to reduce cracking is to grow cracking resistant cultivars; however, no completely effective control measures are currently available to eliminate this problem. Studies conducted in New Zealand to test the ameliorating properties of gibberellic acid sprays to reduce cracking were examined. The results revealed that repeated or singular foliar applications at 10 or 40 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively, increased both fruit cracking, and fruit firmness, but delayed fruit colour development. Key words: Prunus avium, cherry splitting, cracking

Evaluation of BASINS/WinHSPF applicability for pollutant loading estimation for a Korean watershed

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Jeon ◽  
C.G. Yoon ◽  
J.H. Ham ◽  
K.W. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Pollutant Loading ◽  
Model Efficiency

Applicability of a widely accepted watershed-based water quality assessment tool (BASINS) and its associated watershed model (WinHSPF) was evaluated on the Seamangeum watershed in Korea. The study site is the largest polder project area in Korea and its environmental quality has been debated for the last five years. BASINS was found to be a convenient and powerful tool for assessment of watershed characteristics, and provided various tools to delineate the watershed into land segments and river reaches, reclassify land use, and parameterize for WinHSPF simulation. Calibration results were satisfactory showing model efficiency over 0.80 for stream flow, temperature, and dissolved oxygen simulation, and model output for water quality constituents also reasonably matched the observed data. It was demonstrated that calibration with dry-day data for a relatively long period might be adequate to simulate hydrologic characteristics and water quality of the watershed with WinHSPF, and using parameters generated with BASINS for nonpoint source pollution simulation is suggested when enough wet-day monitoring data are not available. The unit-area load of biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus was 27.8, 48.2, and 4.3 kg/ha/yr, respectively. These values are within the expected range but on the high side of the reported values, which implies that effective control measures are required to protect water quality of the downstream reservoir. Overall, BASINS/WinHSPF was applicable and found to be a powerful tool in pollutant loading estimation from the watershed, and its use in Korea is recommended.

Ozone as a Potential Fumigant Alternative for the Management of Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 1953-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A Amoah ◽  
Rizana M Mahroof
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Rice Weevil ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Gas Loss ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Abstract Gaseous ozone, an oxidizing agent used as a disinfectant in food processing and preservation, has potential for the control of stored product insects. In this study, we investigated ozone for the management of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a serious stored product insect pest. We exposed eggs, immature stages within wheat kernels, and adults of the rice weevil to 200-ppm ozone for 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h. Insects were placed at 5, 15, or 25 cm depth within a wheat mass in PVC pipes (10 cm in diameter, 30 cm in height) and exposed to ozone. Egg eclosion was recorded 10 d after treatment (DAT), and immature stages were observed for adult emergence 28 DAT. Adults were observed for survival immediately after ozone exposure and again at 1 and 2 DAT. Egg eclosion was significantly lower at 5 cm compared with 25 cm at all exposure times, but not the 12-h exposure time. For each exposure time tested, significantly lesser adults developed from kernels and none of the adults survived at the 5 cm depth compared with the 15 and 25 cm depths. Survival rate of adults was significantly higher at 25 cm depth than at 15 cm depth at the 24–60 h. The deeper the insect in the grain mass, the higher the survival rate. The work reported suggests that ozone is effective in killing all life stages of S. oryzae; however, the efficacy of the gas is dependent on the concentration, exposure time, depth, and gas loss.

scholarly journals Resposta funcional e capacidade predatória da fase larval de Ceraeochrysa caligata alimentada com Brevicoryne Brassicae

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Joel Correa Souza ◽  
Wilson José De Melo e Silva Maia ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Pedro Paulo da Costa Alves Filho ◽  
Antônio Vinicius Corrêa Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Predatory Capacity

<p>O pulgão, <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> (L.), é uma das principais pragas da cultura da couve. A necessidade de controle de insetos-pragas de forma racional e sustentável tem gerado a busca de medidas efetivas de controle. Objetivou-se estudar a capacidade predatória e a resposta funcional da fase jovem de <em>Ceraeochrysa caligata </em>(Banks)<em> </em>alimentada<em> </em>com o pulgão <em>Brevicoryne Brassicae</em> (L.), usando ninfas de segundo e terceiro instares. Foram utilizadas cinco densidades de presas, com cinco repetições com dois indivíduos por repetição. O Consumo aumentou proporcionalmente em função do estádio de desenvolvimento da larva, sendo significativamente maior no terceiro instar, representando acima de 75% do total. Os consumos médios diário e totais foram de 4,2 e 25,6; 10,2 e 70,2; 38,6 e 549,0 pulgões, para os três instares, respectivamente. Observou para a fase larval 23,4 e 644,8 pulgões. Constatou se duração média de 5,8; 6,7; 13,5 e de 26,0 dias para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro instares e fase larval, respectivamente. Observou se para os três instares e fase larval, um maior consumo em função do aumento da densidade de presas. A duração obtida para o primeiro e terceiro instares e fase larval, um maior consumo em função do aumento da disponibilidade de presas.</p><p><strong><em>Functional response and predatory ability of the larval stage of Ceraeochrysa caligata fed Brevicoryne brassicae</em></strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong> - The aphid, <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> (L.), is a major pest of cabbage culture. The need for insect pest control in a rational and sustainable manner has generated the search for effective control measures. The objective was to study the predatory capacity and the functional response of the young phase <em>Ceraeochrysa caligata</em> (Banks) fed with the aphid <em>Brevicoryne brassicae</em> (L.), using nymphs of second and third instars. Five prey densities were used, with five replicates with two individuals per replicate. Consumption increased in proportion to the larval stage of development and was significantly higher in the third instar, representing over 75% of the total. The daily and total average intake were 4.2 and 25.6; 10.2 and 70.2; Aphids 549.0 and 38.6 for the three instars, respectively. Observed for the larval stage 23.4 and 644.8 aphids. Found a mean duration of 5.8; 6.7; 13.5 and 26.0 days for the first, second and third instar and larval stage, respectively. Observed to the three instars and larval stage, a higher consumption due to the increase in prey density. The duration obtained for the first and third instar larval stage and a higher consumption due to the increased availability of prey.</p>

scholarly journals Pest Management Challenges and Control Practices in Codling Moth: A Review

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kadoić Balaško ◽  
Renata Bažok ◽  
Katarina M. Mikac ◽  
Darija Lemic ◽  
Ivana Pajač Živković
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Proactive Management

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., is a serious insect pest in pome fruit production worldwide with a preference for apple. The pest is known for having developed resistance to several chemical groups of insecticides, making its control difficult. The control and management of the codling moth is often hindered by a lack of understanding about its biology and ecology, including aspects of its population genetics. This review summarizes the information about the origin and biology of the codling moth, describes the mechanisms of resistance in this pest, and provides an overview of current research of resistant pest populations and genetic research both in Europe and globally. The main focus of this review is on non-pesticide control measures and anti-resistance strategies which help to reduce the number of chemical pesticides used and their residues on food and the local environment. Regular monitoring for insecticide resistance is essential for proactive management to mitigate potential insecticide resistance. Here we describe techniques for the detection of resistant variants and possibilities for monitoring resistance populations. Also, we present our present work on developing new methods to maintain effective control using appropriate integrated resistance management (IRM) strategies for this economically important perennial pest.

Prevalence of Salmonella and Vibrio spp. in Seafood Products Sold in Singapore

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1320-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUNLE HUANG ◽  
VINAYAK GHATE ◽  
LESLIE PHUA ◽  
HYUN-GYUN YUK
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
Seafood Processing ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Foodborne hazards in seafood have only recently received increased attention in Singapore since the illness outbreak in 2009 that was associated with consumption of Indian rojak (a traditional salad of fruits, vegetables, and seafood). The microbiological quality of seafood must be evaluated for assurance of food safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Vibrio spp. in seafood sold in Singapore. A total of 116 samples (41 prawn, 44 shellfish, and 31 fishball samples) were collected from major supermarkets and wet markets in Singapore. The mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial counts for prawn, shellfish, and fishballs were 2 to 7 log CFU/g. One Salmonella Lexington strain was isolated from a thawed-frozen shellfish product and two Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated from commercial fishball and shrimp meat products. Thus, seafood sold in Singapore has the potential to be contaminated with Vibrio spp. and Salmonella, and proper handling at food service establishments is required to ensure food safety. Effective control measures also are needed to prevent cross-contamination during postharvest seafood processing.

scholarly journals Analysis of Air Pollution Control Measures in Environmental Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Protection Measures

The air quality of the ecological environment is closely related to people's health. However, due to the rapid economic development in recent years, it has indirectly led to the continuous deterioration of the quality of the atmospheric environment. Effective control of air pollution in environmental engineering is an important measure to improve the ecological environment and the quality of people’s lives. Therefore, this paper combines the main causes and hazards of air pollution to analyze environmental protection measures in-depth.

On Control Regulation of Urban Initial Period Rainwater Pollution

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
Xue Yi You ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yan Wei Li ◽  
Min Ji ◽  
Xiu Duo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Regulation ◽  
Tianjin City

The initial period rainwater has a great influence on the quality of surface water in Tianjin city. To reducing the initial period rainwater pollution, the effective control measures must be taken for initial period rainwater. A comprehensive operation regulation by using the surplus capacity of sewage treatment plant, reservoirs and rivers is proposed and studied in this paper. The order of initial period rainwater storage is firstly in sewage treatment plant, then in reservoirs and finally drainage to rivers. By carefully arranging the intercepted amount of every storage stage, the pollution of initial period rainfall in an example Tianjin area is shown to be effectively solved.

Development and Application of Quality Control System for Highway Subgrade Construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
System Development ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The compaction quality of the subgrade is directly related to the service life of the road. Effective control of the subgrade construction process is the key to ensuring the compaction quality of the subgrade. Therefore, real-time, comprehensive, rapid and accurate prediction of construction compaction quality through informatization detection method is an important guarantee for speeding up construction progress and ensuring subgrade compaction quality. Based on the function of the system, this paper puts forward the principle of system development and the development mode used in system development, and displays the development system in real-time to achieve the whole process control of subgrade construction quality.

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