Influence of compost on the physical properties and organic matter fractions of a fine sandy loam throughout the cycle of a potato rotation

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Carter ◽  
J. B. Sanderson ◽  
J. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Potato Rotation

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotations often require organic amendments to maintain or improve soil organic matter levels and soil physical properties. However, beneficial effects of compost can be modified by time of application and rotating tillage depth and intensity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of compost applied once at different phases in a 3-yr potato, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) rotation on a range of soil physical properties and organic matter fractions for a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol) in Prince Edward Island. Soil samples (0–8 cm) were obtained during the second cycle of the rotation (after two compost applications) in the fifth year of the experiment. Soil properties were influenced by compost addition, time of compost addition, and crop phase. Compost-induced benefits in soil physical properties (bulk density, macro-porosity, oxygen diffusion rate, shear vane strength, water-filled pore space) were mainly expressed in the red clover phase of the rotation, where soil density was relatively high compared to the barley and potato phases, due to the absence of tillage. The soil physical parameters, however, were mainly within their established optimum ranges for this soil type. Soil water content at −0.033 MPa was increased by compost in the potato phase, compared to the control. Soil organic matter was influenced by both compost and crop C inputs. Compost increased soil particulate organic matter (POM) in the potato and barley phases. Due to differences in crop residue inputs, compost-related differences in organic matter were minimized in the red clover phase of the rotation. Compost addition increased potato tuber yield above the maximum yield obtained with nitrogen application. This “non-nitrogen” compost yield effect may be related to the slight, but significant, improvement in soil water-holding capacity. Overall , compost application in an intensive 3-yr potato rotation provided benefits for potato productivity and in both soil physical and biological properties. Key words: Soil organic carbon, particulate organic matter, soil physical properties, compost amendment, potato yield, eastern Canada

Estimating Soil Organic Matter: A Case Study of Soil Physical Properties for Environment-Related Issues in Southeast Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kokei Ikpi Ofem ◽  
Kingsley John ◽  
Mark Pawlett ◽  
Michael Otu Eyong ◽  
Chukwuebuka Edwin Awaogu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Physical Properties

Characterizing the soil physical condition in reduced tillage systems for winter wheat on a fine sandy loam using small cores

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Direct Drilling

A tillage study was conducted in Prince Edward Island with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over two seasons on a Gowanbrae light fine sandy loam, a Humo-Ferric Podzol. One-pass mouldboard ploughing, shallow tillage using a rotary harrow, and direct drilling were evaluated for their effects on crop productivity and soil physical properties. Direct drilling increased plant survival but not grain yield in the first year compared to the other tillage systems. Leaf diseases significantly reduced crop performance under shallow tillage and direct drilling in the second year. None of the tillage systems had adverse effects on soil strength at field capacity over the 0- to 350-mm soil profile depth, as penetrometer resistance values were < 1.5 MPa. Differences in soil macro-aggregation and organic carbon distribution between tillage systems were noted in the Ap horizon. Sequential measurements on soil cores equilibrated at 6 kPa tension for macropore volume, air permeability at low air pressure (0.25 kPa), oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) at 0.65 mV, and shear strength indicated that the soil physical condition was within the optimum range for root growth, over the 0- to 240-mm depth, in each tillage system. In addition, relative compaction was maintained at a low level in all systems. The quotient of air permeability and macropore volume, as an index of pore continuity, indicated that the relatively large macropore volumes under mouldboard ploughing were less efficient in conducting air than the macropores under direct drilling. These differences in pore continuity were most prevalent at the lower soil depth.Key words: Soil physical properties, soil compaction, Podzolic soil, winter cereals

Soil organic matter quality and aggregate stability under eight potato cropping sequences in a fine sandy loam of Prince Edward Island

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis A. Angers ◽  
Linnell M. Edwards ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson ◽  
Nicole Bissonnette
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
C And N

Soil degradation and soil organic matter (SOM) reduction have long been suspected to occur under intensive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in Prince Edward Island. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight potato cropping sequences involving barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and barley under-seeded with red clover on aggregate stability and SOM properties of a Charlottetown fine sandy loam (Orthic Humo-Ferric Podzol). Total C and N, light-fraction (density < 1.7 g cm−3) C (LF-C) and light-fraction N (LF-N), microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrate content, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and aggregate stability were determined in the 0- to 15-cm soil layer in the 6th and 10th years of the trial. Average C and N contents were 20 to 27% greater in sequences that included 3 or 4 yr of potatoes and a high frequency of red clover than in a 9-yr potato sequence; and were attributed to the less frequent tillage and higher organic matter inputs associated with the forage component. The response for MBC, LF-C, LF-N and APA was greater than those for total C and N suggesting that the former parameters may better reveal SOM changes caused by variations in potato management than the latter. Light-fraction N was particularly sensitive to the inclusion of perennial legumes in the cropping sequence. Wet-aggregate stability was 33% higher after 6 yr in the sequence with 50% frequency of red clover than in the continuous potato system, but no effect was noted after 10 yr. The results of this study indicate that sequences which are limited to 30 to 40% of potatoes and have a high frequency of perennial forage such as red clover, lead to greater SOM content and quality of a Charlottetown fine sandy loam compared to continuous potatoes. Trends in aggregate stability generally followed those of SOM fractions but the effects were relatively smaller and varied with time. Key words: Potato, Solanum tuberosum L., soil aggregation, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, light fraction, microbial biomass

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Beberapa Jenis Mulsa terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Laju Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum Esculentum L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
I Kadek Dwi Adi Saputra ◽  
I Wayan Tika ◽  
Ni Luh Yulianti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Average Value

ABSTRAK Pengolahan tanah secara intensif tanpa memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya antara lain kurangnya unsur hara, pemupukan yang tidak berimbang dapat menurunkan kualitas sifat fisik tanah. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengolahan tanah agar sesuai dengan syarat tumbuh tanaman tomat. Penggunaan berbagai jenis mulsa pada tanaman tomat diharapkan mampu menciptakan iklim mikro yang sesuai bagi tanaman, memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah antara lain bahan organik tanah, permeabilitas, porositas tanah dan laju pertumbuhan, melancarkan pendauran hara dalam sistem tanah, air, tanaman dan memperbaiki ketersediaan hara bagi tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan sifat fisik tanah akibat penggunaan jenis mulsa sejalan dengan usia tanaman tomat dan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis mulsa terhadap laju pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan tanpa mulsa, mulsa plastik perak, mulsa plastik hitam, mulsa plastik UV transparan, dan mulsa jerami padi. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga terdapat 15 plot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air tanah 2 MST 13-35%, 4MST 20-42%, 6MST 23-44%, 8MST 27-51%, 10MST 26-53%, 12MST 32-63%. Rata-rata bahan organik tanah 1,16% dengan kategori rendah. Rata-rata permeabilitas tanah 4,13 cm/jam dengan kategori lambat sampai sedang. Perlakuan tanpa mulsa berpengaruh nyata pada porositas tanah dengan nilai rata-rata 48% pada kelas kurang baik. Rata-rata nilai jumlah daun pada perlakuan mulsa plastik perak 122.89 helai dan pada perlakuan jerami padi 124.83 helai. Nilai berat kering tanaman tomat pada perlakuan mulsa jerami padi 205.87 gram dan pada perlakuan mulsa plastik UV transparan 118.33 gram. ABSTRACT Soil processing intensively without paying attention to factors that affect it such as the lack of nutrients, unbalance fertilization decreases the physical quality of the soil. Therefore, soil processing is necessary to the growing condition of the tomato plants. The use of various types of mulch on tomato plants is expected to create a microclimate that suitable for plants, improve soil physical properties including soil organic matter, permeability, soil porosity, and growth rate, reinforce nutrient cycling in the soil, water, plant system and improve nutrient availability for plants. The aims of the research are to determine the changes in soil physical properties due to the use of mulch types in line with the age of tomato plants and determine the effect of the use of mulch types on the rate of growth of tomato plants. This research is conducted with a completely randomized design with treatment without mulch, silver plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, transparent UV plastic mulch, and rice straw mulch. Each handling 15 times.  The results show that the groundwater content of 2 MST was 13-35%, 4MST 20-42%, 6MST 23-44%, 8MST 27-51%, 10MST 26-53%, 12MST 32-63%.  Average soil organic matter 1.16% with low category.  The average permeability of land is 4.13 cm/hour in the slow to moderate category. Treatment without mulch significantly affected the soil porosity with an average value of 48% in the less grade.  The average value of the number of leaves in the silver plastic mulch treatment 122.89 strands and 124.83 strands of rice straw.  The dry weight value of tomato plants in the treatment of rice straw mulch 205.87 grams and in the treatment of transparent UV plastic mulch 118.33 grams.

A soil carbon index to gauge soil health in England and Wales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Prout ◽  
Keith Shepherd ◽  
Steve McGrath ◽  
Guy Kirk ◽  
Stephan Haefele
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
England And Wales

&lt;p&gt;Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key indicator of soil health, however, guideline values which indicate degradation and good status have been difficult to define. For soils in England and Wales, indicative management ranges were developed using ranges of SOC from the National Soil Inventory of England and Wales (NSI) for precipitation and clay content classes (Verheijen et al., 2005). Soils with higher clay content are often expected to have higher SOC content and this was evident in the management ranges. SOC interacts with clay particles through surface interactions and this, alongside occlusion in aggregates, is suggested to help protect SOC from decomposition and loss (Dungait et al., 2012). The management ranges, however, lacked a mechanistic perspective such that these might not be optimal ranges for soil physical properties and soil structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have used the NSI to investigate how thresholds of clay/SOC might be used to assess SOC status. A clay/SOC ratio of 10 was proposed as a clay-SOC association capacity derived from correlations with soil physical properties (Dexter et al., 2008) and a further two thresholds (clay/SOC = 8 and 13) were proposed to indicate very good and degraded soil structural quality alongside the original threshold (Johannes et al., 2017). Comparing the distribution of soils under different land uses with the clay/SOC threshold ranges gave an increasing quality trend of arable &lt;&lt; ley grassland &lt; permanent grassland &amp;#8776; forest. The results suggested that 37% of arable soils would be considered degraded compared with 6% for grassland soils.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We have used the thresholds to define an index on a scale where negative values indicate degraded soils, and positive values (up to 1) suggest increasing quality beyond which a soil is considered very good. Data from the Woburn ley-arable rotation experiment (Johnston et al., 2017) have also been evaluated with this index to see how the index value might change with time under different managements. As a quantitative metric for SOC, this could form a monitoring framework and feed into other soil health schemes to assess a soil with respect to a clay-interaction capacity and expected soil quality.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dexter et al. (2008). Complexed organic matter controls soil physical properties. &lt;em&gt;Geoderma&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;144&lt;/em&gt;(3&amp;#8211;4), 620&amp;#8211;627.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dungait et al. (2012). Soil organic matter turnover is governed by accessibility not recalcitrance. &lt;em&gt;Global Change Biology&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;18&lt;/em&gt;, 1781&amp;#8211;1796.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Johannes et al. (2017). Optimal organic carbon values for soil structure quality of arable soils. Does clay content matter? &lt;em&gt;Geoderma&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;302&lt;/em&gt;, 111.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Johnston et al. (2017). Changes in soil organic matter over 70 years in continuous arable and ley-arable rotations on a sandy loam soil in England. &lt;em&gt;European Journal of Soil Science&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;68&lt;/em&gt;, 305-316.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verheijen et el. (2005). Organic carbon ranges in arable soils of England and Wales. &lt;em&gt;Soil Use and Management&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;21&lt;/em&gt;, 2&amp;#8211;9.&lt;/p&gt;

Soil Organic Matter Fractions under Managed Pine Plantations of the Southeastern USA

2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietta E. Echeverría ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Lawrence A. Morris ◽  
Ronald L. Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions
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