scholarly journals Evaluation of Mixing Process of Magnesium Stearate as Lubricant and the Spatial Distribution of Chemical Components in a Tablet by Vibrational Spectroscopic Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keijiro Terashita ◽  
Hiroshi Hisada ◽  
Hideyuki Masui ◽  
Shukichi Ochiai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Mixing Process

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics of snow in the region along the Sea of Japan

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Satow
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Ph Values

The amount of acidity in precipitation has been measured in heavy-snowfall regions facing the Sea of Japan. The average pH value of precipitation measured throughout the year at Nagaoka was 4.80 during 4.5 years, 1987–92. During winter the pH value is lower and electric conductivity higher. The spatial distribution of chemical components in new-fallen snow was studied along a 55 km-long sampling route. Results from four surveys showed that acidic snows have average pH values of 4.63–4.90. From the distribution of anion and cation concentration in new-fallen snow, it is concluded that strong northwest monsoons during winter bring an abundance of snow with salt components and many non-salt components from the Sea of Japan and also, possibly, from the Asian continent.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Chemical Components in Fresh Snow in the Japanese Alps Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki KURAMOTO ◽  
Daichi SUZUKI ◽  
Akihiko SASAKI ◽  
Keisuke SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Fresh Snow

scholarly journals Chemical characteristics of snow in the region along the Sea of Japan

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Satow
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Heavy Snowfall ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Ph Values

The amount of acidity in precipitation has been measured in heavy-snowfall regions facing the Sea of Japan. The average pH value of precipitation measured throughout the year at Nagaoka was 4.80 during 4.5 years, 1987–92. During winter the pH value is lower and electric conductivity higher. The spatial distribution of chemical components in new-fallen snow was studied along a 55 km-long sampling route. Results from four surveys showed that acidic snows have average pH values of 4.63–4.90. From the distribution of anion and cation concentration in new-fallen snow, it is concluded that strong northwest monsoons during winter bring an abundance of snow with salt components and many non-salt components from the Sea of Japan and also, possibly, from the Asian continent.

scholarly journals Airborne measurements of the spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition across Europe and evolution of the organic fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 4065-4083 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Morgan ◽  
J. D. Allan ◽  
K. N. Bower ◽  
E. J. Highwood ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
North Western ◽  
Aerosol Chemical Composition

Abstract. The spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition and the evolution of the Organic Aerosol (OA) fraction is investigated based upon airborne measurements of aerosol chemical composition in the planetary boundary layer across Europe. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured using a compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS). A range of sampling conditions were evaluated, including relatively clean background conditions, polluted conditions in North-Western Europe and the near-field to far-field outflow from such conditions. Ammonium nitrate and OA were found to be the dominant chemical components of the sub-micron aerosol burden, with mass fractions ranging from 20–50% each. Ammonium nitrate was found to dominate in North-Western Europe during episodes of high pollution, reflecting the enhanced NOx and ammonia sources in this region. OA was ubiquitous across Europe and concentrations generally exceeded sulphate by 30–160%. A factor analysis of the OA burden was performed in order to probe the evolution across this large range of spatial and temporal scales. Two separate Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (OOA) components were identified; one representing an aged-OOA, termed Low Volatility-OOA and another representing fresher-OOA, termed Semi Volatile-OOA on the basis of their mass spectral similarity to previous studies. The factors derived from different flights were not chemically the same but rather reflect the range of OA composition sampled during a particular flight. Significant chemical processing of the OA was observed downwind of major sources in North-Western Europe, with the LV-OOA component becoming increasingly dominant as the distance from source and photochemical processing increased. The measurements suggest that the aging of OA can be viewed as a continuum, with a progression from a less oxidised, semi-volatile component to a highly oxidised, less-volatile component. Substantial amounts of pollution were observed far downwind of continental Europe, with OA and ammonium nitrate being the major constituents of the sub-micron aerosol burden. Such anthropogenically perturbed air masses can significantly perturb regional climate far downwind of major source regions.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Visualization of Inter- and Intramolecular Interactions in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(L-lactic acid) (PHB/PLLA) Blends During Isothermal Melt Crystallization Using Attenuated Reflection Fourier Transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 000370282110102
Author(s):  
Huiqiang Lu ◽  
Harumi Sato ◽  
Sergei G Kazarian
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Intermolecular Interactions ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Intramolecular Interactions ◽  
Melt Crystallization ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Multicomponent Polymer

Inter- and intramolecular interactions in multicomponent polymer systems influence their physical and chemical properties significantly and thus have implications on their synthesis and processing. In the present study, chemical images were obtained by plotting the peak position of a spectral band from the datasets generated by in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. This approach was successfully used to visualize changes in intra- and intermolecular interactions in Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/Poly(L-lactic acid) (PHB/PLLA) blends during the isothermal melt crystallization. The peak position of ν (C=O) band, which reflects the nature of the intermolecular interaction, shows that the intermolecular interactions between PHB and PLLA in the miscible state (1733 cm-1) changes to the inter- and intramolecular interaction (CH3∙∙∙O=C, 1720 cm-1) within PHB crystal during the isothermal melt crystallization. Compared with spectroscopic images obtained by plotting the distribution of absorbance of spectral bands, which reveals the spatial distribution of blend components, the approach of plotting the peak position of a spectral band reflects the spatial distribution of different intra- and intermolecular interactions. With the process of isothermal melt-crystallization, the disappearance of the intermolecular interaction between PHB and PLLA and the appearance of the inter- and intramolecular interactions within the PHB crystal were both visualized through the images based on the observation of the band position. This work shows the potential of using in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging to visualize different types of inter- or intramolecular interactions between polymer molecules or between polymer and other additives in various types of multicomponent polymer systems.  

Effects of mixing process on spatial distribution and coexistence of sulfur and zinc in vulcanized EPDM rubber

Polymer ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 123486
Author(s):  
Yohei Nakanishi ◽  
Kazuki Mita ◽  
Kentaro Yamamoto ◽  
Kotaro Ichino ◽  
Mikihito Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Epdm Rubber

scholarly journals Airborne measurements of the spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition across Europe and evolution of the organic fraction

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 27215-27265 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Morgan ◽  
J. D. Allan ◽  
K. N. Bower ◽  
E. J. Highwood ◽  
D. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Airborne Measurements ◽  
North Western ◽  
Aerosol Chemical Composition

Abstract. The spatial distribution of aerosol chemical composition and the evolution of the Organic Aerosol (OA) fraction is investigated based upon airborne measurements of aerosol chemical composition in the planetary boundary layer across Europe. Sub-micron aerosol chemical composition was measured using a compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS). A range of sampling conditions were evaluated, including relatively clean background conditions, polluted conditions in North-Western Europe and the near-field to far-field outflow from such conditions. Ammonium nitrate and OA were found to be the dominant chemical components of the sub-micron aerosol burden, with mass fractions ranging from 20–50% each. Ammonium nitrate was found to dominate in North-Western Europe during episodes of high pollution, reflecting the enhanced NOx and ammonia sources in this region. OA was ubiquitous across Europe and concentrations generally exceeded sulphate by 50–100%. A factor analysis of the OA burden was performed in order to probe the evolution across this large range of spatial and temporal scales. Two separate Oxygenated Organic Aerosol (OOA) components were identified; one representing an aged-OOA, termed Low Volatility-OOA and another representing fresher-OOA, termed Semi Volatile-OOA on the basis of their mass spectral similarity to previous studies. The factors derived from different flights were not chemically the same but rather reflect the range of OA composition sampled during a particular flight. Significant chemical processing of the OA was observed downwind of major sources in North-Western Europe, with the LV-OOA component becoming increasingly dominant as the distance from source and photochemical processing increased. The measurements suggest that the aging of OA can be viewed as a continuum, with a progression from a less oxidised, semi-volatile component to a highly oxidised, less-volatile component. Substantial amounts of pollution were observed far downwind of continental Europe, with OA and ammonium nitrate being the major constituents of the sub-micron aerosol burden. Such anthropogenically perturbed air masses can significantly perturb regional climate far downwind of major source regions.

scholarly journals Granica państwa a spójność danych dla potrzeb analiz hydrologicznych. Studium przypadku dla zlewni Wiaru na pograniczu polsko-ukraińskim = A state border and the integrity of data for hydrological analysis. A case study of the River Wiar catchment on the Poland-Ukraine borderland

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Rafał Kroczak ◽  
Tomasz Bryndal ◽  
Szymon Biały ◽  
Olga Pylypovych ◽  
Yurij Andreychuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Land Cover Data

Hydrological investigations require the development of a geodatabase allowing for the calculation of physiographic catchment parameters, as well as the analysis of amounts of water resources and changes therein. Such a geodatabase usually consists of meteorological, hydrological and cartographic data. The present study offers a review of datasets that may be used for geodatabase development in the interests of hydrological research, in catchments located in the Polish-Ukrainian borderland. The catchment of the Wiar River – selected to serve as a case study – is in fact divided by the state border into two equal sub-catchments (395.5 km2 in Poland and 398.9 km2 in Ukraine).The results reveal disparities in the spatial distribution of stream and meteorological gauges. For the Polish part of the catchment datasets include many parameters (in accordance with EU Directive and Regulations) and the results from monitoring are available online as yearly reports. For the Ukrainian part, only chemical components are monitored, and these data are not made available publicly. Consistent data sets such as DEM can be obtained from globally available ASTER and SRTM models. Datasets, such as LiDAR, which are important for medium and large-scale analyses allowing for the development of high-resolution DEMs, do not exist. Use of TanDEM-X data is restricted for the Ukrainian territory. However, comparison between the SRTM and LiDAR models (for the Polish part) revealed that the SRTM model may be optimised to serve the whole area. Land-use and land-cover data (LULC) are important in many hydrological analyses. the authors propose using satellite images in the development of a comparable layer describing land cover of the whole catchment.

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