scholarly journals Differential Expression of Toll like Receptor 4 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Impaired Wound Healing

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agrawal NK
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Cyclooxygenase 2, toll-like receptor 4 and interleukin 1β mRNA expression in atherosclerotic plaques of type 2 diabetic patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Baldan ◽  
Silvia Ferronato ◽  
Silvia Olivato ◽  
Giovanni Malerba ◽  
Alberto Scuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Study of toll-like receptor 4 in type 2 diabetic patients with or without nephropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
GhadaH Al Ashram ◽  
WaleedM Fathy ◽  
MohamedA Soliman ◽  
Ahmed Ragheb
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Case Series: Reversal of Diabetic Neuropathy Utilizing Physiologic Insulin Resensitization

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Skin Breakdown ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetes is a growing global problem that is currently on the rise. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition that results from aberrant B-cell function coupled with progressive insulin resistance. The majority of Type 2 diabetic patients develop diabetic neuropathy, which can lead to devastating complications (i.e., infection, ulceration, osteomyelitis, & amputation). The proinflammatory state of diabetes, along with prolonged hyperglycemia damages peripheral nerves (most common in the lower extremities). Additionally, compromised wound healing exacerbates the risk when skin breakdown occurs in this patient population. To overcome these risks for T2D, physiologic insulin resensitization (PIR) has been used as a novel protocol to treat patients with severe neuropathy symptoms. In our case study, we present two patients who initially experienced a loss of sensation in their extremities and decreased wound healing. Using PIR treatment, we demonstrate that both patients experienced neuropathy reversal and improved wound healing.

scholarly journals Patterns of Toll-Like Receptor Expressions and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels and Their Implications in the Progress of Insulin Resistance and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rofyda H. Aly ◽  
Amr E. Ahmed ◽  
Walaa G. Hozayen ◽  
Alaa Mohamed Rabea ◽  
Tarek M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tlr4 Mrna ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DNP) is a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) chronic complication, which is the largest single cause of end-stage kidney disease. There is an increasing evidence of the role of inflammation and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as part of innate immune system in its development and progression. In addition, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) downward signaling causes the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which can induce insulin (INS) resistance in T2DM.Objective: The goal of this study was to estimate the expression of TLRs (TLR2 and TLR4) in relation to inflammation and INS resistance in nephrotic type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure and to discuss the role of these TLRs in DNP progression.Patients and Methods: In this study, blood samples were obtained from type 2 diabetic patients with or without renal failure, and patients with non-diabetic renal failure were compared to healthy controls. All participants were tested for analysis of fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin, kidney function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as well as expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood (PB). Statistical analysis of data was done by using SPSS.Results: Diabetic patients with renal failure exhibited significant increase in TLR2, TLR4 mRNA expression in PB in comparison with normal subjects, diabetic patients without renal failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure. Both diabetic patients with or without kidney failure and non-diabetic patients with renal failure had increased TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression in association with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6) compared to normal subjects. The diabetic patients with kidney failure exhibited the highest elevation of TLRs, Th1 cytokines and CRP in association the highest record of insulin resistance.Conclusion: Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 increased expression and Th2 cytokines may have an important role in the progression of DNP and deteriorations in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, TLR2 and TLR4 may be a promising therapeutic target to prevent or retard DNP in type 2 diabetic patients.

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