scholarly journals Recent Developments in the Rapid Diagnosis of MDR-TB

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhail Ahmad
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 00008-2019
Author(s):  
Prashant N. Chhajed ◽  
Preyas J. Vaidya ◽  
Neha P. Mandovra ◽  
Vinod B. Chavhan ◽  
Tejashree T. Lele ◽  
...  

This study aimed to examine the use of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in the rapid diagnosis of mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis and drug-resistant mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis.A diagnosis of TB was confirmed by a positive Xpert MTB/RIF test or Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. Rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) or multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was diagnosed upon the detection of rifampicin resistance by Xpert MTB/RIF or resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid by phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST).Xpert MTB/RIF was positive in 43 of 56 patients (77%) and TB culture was positive in 31 of 56 patients (55%). Of these 56 patients, 25 (45%) were Xpert MTB/RIF positive and TB culture negative, 13 (23%) were Xpert MTB/RIF negative and TB culture positive, and 18 (32%) were Xpert MTB/RIF positive and TB culture positive. 11 patients (20%) had drug-resistant TB: seven with RR/MDR-TB, one with pre-extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, two with XDR-TB and one with isoniazid mono-resistance.An Xpert MTB/RIF assay carried out on EBUS-TBNA specimens provides rapid diagnosis of TB. Xpert MTB/RIF testing appears to have additional and more rapid sensitivity compared with culture alone. Culture-based DST provides an additional exclusive yield and the full resistance profile in addition to or instead of rifampicin resistance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. S97
Author(s):  
Vishal Kulkarni ◽  
Shahriar Roushani
Keyword(s):  

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gleeson ◽  
P. Holder ◽  
R. Newcomb ◽  
R. Howitt ◽  
J. Dugdale

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of taxa whether they be welldefined species or biotypes is of crucial importance to quarantine pest management and research Recent developments in DNA technology has resulted in a range of molecular techniques being available for use in such applications We have employed a phylogenetically focussed approach in the development of a diagnostic key to distinguish a range of leafroller species (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) using DNA sequence data derived from a 23 kb region of the mitochondrial genome containing the genes cytochrome oxidase I and II Phylogenetic analysis has revealed clear relationships between taxa although the genus Apoctena does not appear monophyletic The most appropriate diagnostic characters are either those which are phylogenetically informative either synapomorphies or autapomorphies A standardised approach to data collection is advocated for future studies


1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
Gina Pugliese ◽  
Martin S. Favero
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.


Author(s):  
Kent McDonald

At the light microscope level the recent developments and interest in antibody technology have permitted the localization of certain non-microtubule proteins within the mitotic spindle, e.g., calmodulin, actin, intermediate filaments, protein kinases and various microtubule associated proteins. Also, the use of fluorescent probes like chlorotetracycline suggest the presence of membranes in the spindle. Localization of non-microtubule structures in the spindle at the EM level has been less rewarding. Some mitosis researchers, e.g., Rarer, have maintained that actin is involved in mitosis movements though the bulk of evidence argues against this interpretation. Others suggest that a microtrabecular network such as found in chromatophore granule movement might be a possible force generator but there is little evidence for or against this view. At the level of regulation of spindle function, Harris and more recently Hepler have argued for the importance of studying spindle membranes. Hepler also believes that membranes might play a structural or mechanical role in moving chromosomes.


Author(s):  
K. Pegg-Feige ◽  
F. W. Doane

Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) applied to rapid virus diagnosis offers a more sensitive detection method than direct electron microscopy (DEM), and can also be used to serotype viruses. One of several IEM techniques is that introduced by Derrick in 1972, in which antiviral antibody is attached to the support film of an EM specimen grid. Originally developed for plant viruses, it has recently been applied to several animal viruses, especially rotaviruses. We have investigated the use of this solid phase IEM technique (SPIEM) in detecting and identifying enteroviruses (in the form of crude cell culture isolates), and have compared it with a modified “SPIEM-SPA” method in which grids are coated with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus prior to exposure to antiserum.


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