Au Nanoparticle-Based Amplified DNA Detection on Poly-l-lysine Monolayer-Functionalized Electrodes

Affinity sensing of nucleic acids is among the most investigated areas in biosensing due to the growing importance of DNA diagnostics in healthcare research and clinical applications. Here, we report a simple electrochemical DNA detection layer, based on poly-l-lysine (PLL), in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a signal amplifier. The layer shows excellent reduction of non-specific binding and thereby high contrast between amplified and non-amplified signals with functionalized AuNPs; the relative change in current was 10-fold compared to the non-amplified signal. The present work may provide a general method for the detection of tumor markers based on electrochemical DNA sensing.

The role of ENOS polymorphism (C774T) in the progression of acute peritonitis and the formation of complications

In order to determine the role of ENOS (C774T) gene polymorphism in the progression of acute peritonitis and the formation of complications, a clinical and biochemical study of 40 patients with acute peritonitis was conducted. As a result of the study, it was proved that the early period of acute peritonitis is characterized by the development of endogenous intoxication, intensification of oxidative phenomena, hypercoagulation of the homeostasis system and inhibition of fibrinolysis, and in patients with acute peritonitis, carriers of the pathological TT genotype of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene, more pronounced deviations of homeostatic parameters are observed. Key words: acute peritonitis, genotype, DNA diagnostics, genetic testing of genotypes.

Personalized approach in optimizing the treatment of acute pancreatitis

In order to determine the effectiveness of the use of remaxol based on a personalized approach in patients with acute pancreatitis, based on the establishment of gene polymorphism of integrin beta-3 (T1565C, ITGB3), integrin alpha-2 (C807T, ITGA2), fibrinogen (G(-455)A, FGB) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (5G(-675)4G, SERPINE1), a study of 84 patients with acute pancreatitis of varying severity was conducted. As a result of the study, it was proved that in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis upon admission, in addition to clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies, it is necessary to conduct genetic testing of the genotypes of the polymorphism of the GPIIa gene (T1565C), ITGA2 (C807T), FGB (G(-455)A) and SERPINE1 (5G(-675)4G) to develop a personalized approach in the treatment of this severe category of patients. Key words: acute pancreatitis, genotype, DNA diagnostics, genetic testing of genotypes, personalized medicine.

Clinical and genetic characteristics of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is reported as a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease with a high risk of inheritance. The aim of the study was to establish phenotype features and genetic risk factors for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy to advance existing approaches of prevention, treatment, and observation of patients with JME. Methods: anamnestic; clinical; neurophysiological (EEG); neuroradiological (MRI), neuropsychological; laboratory (DNA-diagnostics). JME starts with absences more frequently in females as compared to males (32.0% vs. 15.4%), and with GTCS and myoclonic in males as compared to females (46.2% and 36.5% vs. 36.0% and 31.2%, respectively). The 1st phenotype of JME was more frequently encountered in male individuals in comparison with female ones (55.8% vs. 34.7%), and the 2nd phenotype was more frequently encountered in female individuals in comparison with male ones (16.9% vs. 5.8%). Homozygous carriage of the T allele of the GJD2 gene (rs3743123) was associated with the development of JME in the study population, OR = 2.66 (95% CI 1.24 to 5.74). 41.5% of patients with JME have a slow metabolizer pharmacogenetic status, which is a risk factor for pseudo-pharmacoresistance and the development of adverse drug reactions.

Evaluation of Sensitivity, Specificity, and Cost-Effectiveness of Paper-Based Microfluidics for DNA Diagnostics of Malaria versus Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) Versus Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT) in Resource-Limited Settings: A Protocol

Objective: The objective of the study is to compare three techniques, routinely used rapid diagnostic tests (lateral flow immune chromatography) versus nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) versus Paper-based microfluidics for DNA diagnostics of Malaria, in terms of their sensitivity and specificity as diagnostic tests in detecting malarial infection among febrile illnesses, suspected of malaria, as well as to compare their cost-effectiveness. Methodology: Three seventy febrile cases suspected of malaria with negative results with RDT will be screened by real-time PCR and DNA microfluidics techniques, sensitivity and specificity of these as screening tests will be compared. The number of extra positive cases detected by NAT gives us the yield. Cost-effectiveness analysis will be done by calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) for the tests. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis will be done using SPSS version 21. Sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive values will be computed. Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of NAT, a paper microfluidic technique for DNA diagnostics and RDT will be carried out using McNemar’s test. Receiver operating curves will be generated separately to assess the utility of the NAT. Conclusion: The Implications of this study from the patient's perspective would mean early diagnosis which forms the tenet of control of the disease by increasing the yield. Early diagnosis at the community level would translate into the application of efficient prevention mechanisms to spread the infection. The cost-effectiveness analysis would provide a scientific basis for the adoption of the best test for the diagnosis, given the economic feasibility of the study.

FEATURES OF VIOLATIONS OF THE STATE OF THE VAGINAL ECOSYSTEM IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

The aim: To assess the condition of the vaginal ecosystem in pregnant women with BV. Materials and methods: The main group consisted of 60 pregnant women with BV in the II trimester. The bacterioscopic examination, of vaginal smears was carried out. DNA diagnostics of the microbial spectrum of vaginal contents was performed. Bacteria with biofilm were visualized by fluorescence hybridization in situ. Results: Biofilms were found in 25 women (41.65%) of the main group, the main component of which was bacteria belonging to the Gardnerella cluster at a concentration of 7.9 ± 0.13 log CFU/ g. Atopobium vagine cluster bacteria gave positive hybridization signals in more than half of the patients and amounted to 6.8 ± 0.15 lg CFU / g. In addition, Snethia spp. was determined as a part of the biofilm at a concentration of 5.8 ± 0.3 lg CFU / g. Conclusions: Thus, the use of the proposed treatment regimen for women with vaginal dysbiosis led to the elimination of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora. However, the effectiveness of treatment in 5 cases was lower than expected, which indicates the emergence of bacterial resistance.