Inverse Oriented Stem Cuttings Generate Tuberous Stems in Cassava Manihot esculenta Crantz; An Alternative Sink Site

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Rouse Miller ◽  
Valerie Bowrin
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

scholarly journals First Report of Frog Skin Disease in Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Chaparro-Martínez ◽  
G. Trujillo-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
First Report ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Long Stem

Frogskin disease (FSD) is a disease of clonally propagated cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and has been reported to reduce cassava yields significantly in South America (1). FSD is caused by an uncharacterized virus that is restricted to South America. The evidence indicates FSD is transmitted by stem cuttings and graft (3). However, little information is available on its distribution and incidence in Venezuela. Eighty-seven samples with virus-like symptoms were collected with the help of technical staff and producers in cassava-producing states: Amazonas (1 sample), Aragua (7 samples), Barinas (35 samples), Cojedes (8 samples), Monagas (19 samples), and Portuguesa (17 samples). In these states, the average daytime temperature was 26°C, but the average was higher (>28°C) during the dry season. Samples were collected during the rainy season because high temperatures and dry field conditions appeared to suppress symptom expression, while cooler conditions tended to favor symptom development (2). Roots of sampled cassava plants were examined for the presence of FSD. A single 70- to 80-cm-long stem cutting was taken from each plant and subdivided into four pieces. Two pieces were used as rootstocks in graft-inoculation tests with Secundina scions for FSD detection, and two pieces were potted in sterilized soil to be used in other tests. All potted and grafted plants were kept in the Vegetable Virology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agronomy (Universidad Central de Venezuela), at an average temperature of 24°C and 80% relative humidity. FSD-infected plants were identified by mosaic symptoms on Secundina scions and the presence of 80-nm spherical viral particles. Most FSD-infected cultivars expressed only root symptoms. However, in the case of Secundina cvs. MCOL 22 and MCOL 113, foliar symptoms were also detected (1). FSD was found in a simple infection in one cassava sample from Aragua State (14.3% incidence, 1 of 7 samples) and in four cassava samples from Barinas State (11.4% incidence, 4 of 35 samples) associated with Cassava virus X (detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). To our knowledge, this is the first report of FSD detection in Venezuela. References: (1) E. A. Frison et al. Informe Anual. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1995. (2) B. L. Nolt et al. Plant Pathol. 41:384, 1992. (3) Technical Guidelines for the Safe Movement of Cassava Rome. FAO/IBPGR. p. 10-27, 1991.

Evaluation of the performance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) when grown from inverted stem cuttings

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Onwueme
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Number Of Leaves

SUMMARYIn order to investigate the characteristics of inverted cassava plantings, seven-node cuttings were planted upright or inverted, and such that four nodes of each cutting were within the soil in a glasshouse. They were observed for 7 weeks. The inverted cuttings sprouted less rapidly, but the percentage of the cuttings which eventually sprouted was not decreased. The inverted cuttings produced more sprouts than the upright ones, and a greater percentage of their sprouts were produced below ground than for the upright cuttings. At 5 and 7 weeks, the total leaf area per cutting was less for the inverted cuttings. The number of leaves per cutting did not differ between the treatments.In a field experiment comparing upright and inverted stem pieces, field emergence and tubering were slower in the inverted cuttings. Yield per plant and per unit area was significantly lower for the inverted cuttings. In the upright planting, most of the tubers originated at the lowest extremity of the cutting and formed a compact bunch there. For the inverted planting, most of the tubers arose from the shallower-lying submerged nodes, but the tubers did not form a compact bunch. The inverted planting had a lower percentage of its tubers lying along the ridge. In a few of the inverted plantings, but not in the upright, the bases of some stems became tuberous. The treatments did not differ with respect to mean tuber length, radius of spread of the tuber tip, and the number of major stems per plant.

scholarly journals First record of Chilomima clarkei (Amsel) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) in Amapá state, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e914
Author(s):  
Ricardo Adaime ◽  
Rodrigo Souza Santos ◽  
Adilson Lopes Lima ◽  
Jhulie Emille Veloso dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Specht
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
New Crops ◽  
First Time

The present study reports Chilomima clarkei (Amsel) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infesting stems of Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) in Amapá state, Brazil, for the first time. Considering the importance of this species as a pest, it is necessary to publicize its occurrence and provide information about the main symptoms of the attacked plants and morphological characters of development stages to identify it quickly in crops. As there are no registered products for this pest's control, producers are advised to pay attention to any sign of infestation. To avoid it from spreading, they are also recommended to remove and burn all the infested parts detected in the plantations, in addition to selecting healthy manivas (stem cuttings) at the time of replanting, preventing the infestation of new crops.

CONCENTRADO PROTEICO OBTIDO DAS FOLHAS DE MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) DE TRÊS VARIEDADES COMERCIAIS.

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Hydrocyanic Acid ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.

MODELAGEM DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM FÉCULAS DE MANDIOCA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

CONJUNTURA DO MERCADO DA MANDIOCA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) NO BRASIL E NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Seleksi Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) Lokal Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Asal Indonesia berdasarkan Karakter Umbi

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.

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