Measurement of Ambient Air Arsenic (As) Pollutant Concentration and Dry Deposition Fluxes in Central Taiwan

Aerosol samples were collected by total suspended particulate (TSP) and dry deposition plate (downward, upward) from August to November in 2003 in central Taiwan. The particulate metallic elements (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mg and Mn) were also measured in this study during the summer and autumn periods of 2003. The results obtained in this study indicated that the ambient air particulate mass concentrations in the daytime period (averaged 975.4 mg/m3) were higher than the night-time period (averaged 542.1 mg/m3). And the downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 58.12 mg/m2-sec) were about 2.2 times that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.37 mg/m2-sec) in the daytime period. Furthermore, the average downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.54 mg/m2-sec) were also about 2.3 times that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 11.52 mg/m2-sec) in the nighttime period. Moreover, the average downward dry deposition fluxes are greater than the upward dry deposition fluxes for all the heavy metals in either daytime or night-time period. In addition, the deposition velocity for mass, metallic elements (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mg and Mn) during daytime and night-time period were also calculated. In addition, the average TSP composition (mg/g) in the daytime period of the metallic elements (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mg and Mn) is 1.73, 0.26, 1.16, 0.28, 0.43 and 0.12 mg/g, respectively. And the average TSP composition in the night-time period of the metallic elements (Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, Mg and Mn) is 3.02, 0.33, 1.57, 0.41, 0.58 and 0.13 mg/g, respectively at traffic sampling site of central Taiwan.

Download Full-text

Measurement and modeling of concentrations of ambient air particles, chromium, copper and lead pollutants concentrations, as well as dry deposition in central Taiwan

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A ◽

10.1080/02773813.2010.542396 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 394-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guor-Cheng Fang ◽

Yuh-Shen Wu ◽

Yi-Liang Huang

Keyword(s):

Dry Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Central Taiwan

Download Full-text

Optimum particle size for prediction of ambient air arsenic dry deposition in central Taiwan

Atmospheric Research ◽

10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.10.018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 104-105 ◽

pp. 255-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Guor-Cheng Fang ◽

Yi-Liang Huang ◽

Jun-Han Huang ◽

Chia-Kuan Liu

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Central Taiwan

Download Full-text

Atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations and wet and dry deposition of mercury at a high-altitude mountain peak in south China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-9-23465-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 23465-23504 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

X. W. Fu ◽

X. Feng ◽

Z. Q. Dong ◽

R. S. Yin ◽

J. X. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Total Gaseous Mercury ◽

Deposition Fluxes ◽

Wet And Dry Deposition ◽

Gaseous Mercury ◽

Seasonal And Diurnal Variations

Abstract. China is regarded as the largest contributor of mercury (Hg) to the global atmospheric Hg budget. However, concentration levels and depositions of atmospheric Hg in China are poorly known. Continuous measurements of atmospheric total gaseous mercury (TGM) were carried out from May 2008 to May 2009 at the summit of Mt. Leigong in south China. Wet and dry deposition fluxes of Hg were also calculated following collection of precipitation, throughfall and litterfall. Atmospheric TGM concentrations averaged 2.80±1.51 ng m−3, which was highly elevated compared to global background values but much lower than semi-rural and industrial/urban areas in China, indicating great emissions of Hg in central, south and southwest China. Seasonal and diurnal variations of TGM were observed, which reflected variations in source intensity, deposition processes and meteorological factors. Wet deposition of Hg was quite low, while its dry deposition of Hg (litterfall + throughfall-direct wet deposition) constituted a major portion of total deposition (~88% for total mercury (THg) and 84% for methyl mercury (MeHg)). This highlights the importance of vegetation to Hg atmospheric cycling. In a remote forest ecosystem of China, dry deposition of TGM, especially gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), was very important for the depletion of atmospheric Hg. Elevated TGM level in ambient air may accelerate the foliar uptake of Hg through air which may partly explain the elevated Hg dry deposition fluxes observed in Mt. Leigong.

Download Full-text

Dry deposition fluxes and deposition velocities of seven trace metal species at five sites in central Taiwan – a summary of surrogate surface measurements and a comparison with model estimations

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-12-3405-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 3405-3417 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

L. Zhang ◽

G. C. Fang ◽

C. K. Liu ◽

Y. L. Huang ◽

J. H. Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Deposition ◽

The Other ◽

Metal Species ◽

Annual Average ◽

Deposition Fluxes ◽

Deposition Model ◽

Deposition Velocities ◽

Flux Measurements ◽

Dry Deposition Model ◽

Central Taiwan

Abstract. Daily air concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of seven metal species were monitored at five sites in central Taiwan for five or six days every month from September 2009 to August 2010. Annual average concentrations at the five sites were in the range of 2.8 to 3.6 ng m−3 for As, 25 to 82 ng m−3 for Mn, 1900 to 2800 ng m−3 for Fe, 69 to 109 ng m−3 for Zn, 18 to 33 ng m−3 for Cr, 60 to 110 ng m−3 for Cu, and 25 to 40 ng m−3 for Pb. Annual average dry deposition fluxes were on the order of 3, 20, 400, 50, 25, 50, and 50 μg m−2 day−1 for As, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cu, and Pb, respectively. Annual average dry deposition velocities (Vd) for the seven metal species ranged from 0.18 to 2.22 cm s−1 at these locations. Small seasonal and geographical variations, e.g. from a few percent to a factor of 2 for different species and/or at different locations, were found in the measured concentrations, fluxes, and Vds. The measured fluxes and air concentrations had moderate to good correlations for several of the species at several of the sites (e.g. Fe, Zn, and Mn at most of the sites), but had either weak or no correlations for the other species or at the other sites (e.g. As at Sites I and III, Zn and Cr at Site IV, and Cu at most of the sites). The latter cases were believed to have large uncertainties in the flux measurements using surrogate surfaces. Sensitivity tests were conducted for particle Vds using a size-segregated particle dry deposition model, assuming various combinations of three lognormal size distributions representing fine particles (PM2.5), coarse particles (PM2.5–10), and super-sized particles (PM10+), respectively. It was found that the measured dry deposition fluxes can be reproduced reasonably well using the size-segregated particle dry deposition model if the mass fractions of the metal species in PM2.5, PM2.5–10 and PM10+ were known. Significant correlations between the modeled and the measured daily fluxes were found for those cases that were believed to have small uncertainties in the flux measurements.

Download Full-text

Study of Ambient Air Particle-Bound As(p) and Hg(p) in Dry Deposition, Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) and Seasonal Variations in Central Taiwan

Environmental Forensics ◽

10.1080/15275922.2010.547550 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Guor-Cheng Fang ◽

Winn-Jung Huang ◽

Jyh-Cherng Chen ◽

Jun-Han Huang ◽

Yi-Liang Huang

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Suspended Particulates ◽

Total Suspended Particulates ◽

Central Taiwan

Download Full-text

Dry deposition (downward, upward) concentration study of particulates and water-soluble ionic species during daytime, night-time period at the traffic sampling site of Sha-Lu, Taiwan

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1191/0748233702th162oa ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 405-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yuh-Shen Wu ◽

Guor-Cheng Fang ◽

Jui-Yeh Rau ◽

Shih-Han Huang

Keyword(s):

Dry Deposition ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Ionic Species ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Total Suspended Particulate ◽

Night Time ◽

Deposition Fluxes ◽

Time Period ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

Central Taiwan

Ambient suspended particulate (dry deposition, TSP) was collected in the traffic sites Sha-Lu, central Taiwan. In addition, the related water-soluble ionic species (Cl1/4, NO31/4, SO421/4, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+and Ca2+) were analysed and wind speed, wind direction and temperature were also measured in this study. The downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 54.07 mg/m2-sec) were about twice that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.48 mg/m2-sec) in the daytime period. Furthermore, the average downward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 26.22 mg/m2-sec) were also about twice that of upward dry deposition fluxes (averaged 12.11 mg/m2-sec) in the night-time period. The results showed that the total suspended particulate concentrations of particulate mass in the daytime period (averaged 996.2 mg/m3) were higher than in the night-time period (averaged 560.7 mg/m3). The results showed that the total suspended particulate concentrations of particulate mass in the daytime period (averaged 996.2 mg/m3) were higher than in night-time period (averaged 560.7 mg/m3). As for water-soluble ionic species, the average dry deposition order and velocity for downward ionic species were Cl1/4 Í-Ca2+Í-NO31/4 Í-K+(2.09 cm/sec Í-1.46 cm/sec Í-1.46 cm/sec Í-1.07 cm/sec) anions during the daytime period. And the average dry deposition order and velocity for downward ionic species were NO31/4 Í / Cl1/4 Í / K+Í / Ca2+(2.92 cm/sec Í / 2.74 cm/sec Í / 0.96 cm/sec Í / 0.93 cm/sec) anions during the night-time period. The average dry deposition order and velocity for upward ionic species were Cl1/4 Í / Ca2+Í / K+Í / Mg2+(4.69 cm/sec Í / 0.62 cm/sec Í / 0.59 cm/sec Í / 0.55 cm/sec) anions during the daytime period. And the average dry deposition order and velocity for upward ionic species were Cl1/4 Í-Ca2+Í-Mg2+Í-K+(1.65 cm/sec Í-0.43 cm/sec Í / 0.37 cm/sec Í / 0.33 cm/sec) anions during the night-time period. The results also indicated that the sodium and chloride concentrations in total suspended particulate were highly positively related, indicating that the sea-salt aerosols were the major contributors for these species at this sampling site of central Taiwan.

Download Full-text

Comparison of different methods for measuring dry deposition fluxes of particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the ambient air

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.025 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 653-662 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

A SHANNIGRAHI ◽

T FUKUSHIMA ◽

N OZAKI

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Deposition Fluxes ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Download Full-text

Dry deposition of metal elements on surrogate surfaces in the ambient air of central Taiwan

Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1080/02772249709358501 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 62 (1-4) ◽

pp. 111-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Guor‐Cheng Fang ◽

Cheng‐Nan Chang ◽

Shyh‐Yuh Chang

Keyword(s):

Dry Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Metal Elements ◽

Central Taiwan ◽

Surrogate Surfaces

Download Full-text

Spatial distribution of mercury deposition fluxes in Wanshan Hg mining area, Guizhou province, China

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-12-6207-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 6207-6218 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Z. H. Dai ◽

X. B. Feng ◽

J. Sommar ◽

P. Li ◽

X. W. Fu

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Dry Deposition ◽

Wet Deposition ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Mining Area ◽

Atmospheric Mercury ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Deposition Fluxes ◽

Hg Mining

Abstract. The legacy of long-term mining activities in Wanshan mercury (Hg) mining area (WMMA), Guizhou, China including a series of environmental issues related to Hg pollution. The spatial distribution of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) concentrations in ambient air were monitored using a mobile RA-915+ Zeeman Mercury Analyzer during daytime and night time in May 2010. The data imply that calcines and mine wastes piles located at Dashuixi and on-going artisanal Hg mining activities at Supeng were major sources of atmospheric mercury in WMMA. For a full year (May 2010 to May 2011), sampling of precipitation and throughfall were conducted on a weekly basis at three sites (Shenchong, Dashuixi, and Supeng) within WMMA. Hg in deposition was characterized by analysis of total Hg (THg) and dissolved Hg (DHg) concentrations. The corresponding data exhibit a high degree of variability, both temporarily and spatially. The volume-weighted mean THg concentrations in precipitation and throughfall samples were 502.6 ng l−1 and 977.8 ng l−1 at Shenchong, 814.1 ng l−1and 3392.1 ng l−1 at Dashuixi, 7490.1 ng l−1and 9641.5 ng l−1 at Supeng, respectively. THg was enhanced in throughfall compared to wet deposition samples by up to a factor of 7. The annual wet Hg deposition fluxes were 29.1, 68.8 and 593.1 μg m−2 yr−1 at Shenchong, Dashuixi and Supeng, respectively, while the annual dry Hg deposition fluxes were estimated to be 378.9, 2613.6 and 6178 μg m−2 yr−1 at these sites, respectively. Dry deposition played a dominant role in total atmospheric Hg deposition in WMMA since the dry deposition fluxes were 10.4–37.9 times higher than the wet deposition fluxes during the whole sample period. Our data showed that air deposition was still an important pathway of Hg contamination to the local environment in WMMA.

Download Full-text