scholarly journals Cocoa (<i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.) Somatic Embryos Tolerate Some Ice Crystallization during Cryopreservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Raphael Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Andy Wetten
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nur Ajijah ◽  
RR. Sri Hartati

<p><em>Information on the effect of cytokinins on cacao (</em>Theobroma cacao<em> L.) primary somatic embryogenesis and its interaction with explant types and genotypes is not yet known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cytokinins and its interaction with explant types and genotypes on cacao somatic embryogenesis. The study was conducted at tissue culture laboratory of IAARD, Bogor from April until December 2012 and October 2014 until February 2016. Three types of cytokinins i.e. kinetin (0.58, 1.16, and 2.32 </em><em>μ</em><em>M), thidiazuron (0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 </em><em>μ</em><em>M) and benzylaminopurine (0.55, 1.11, and 2.22 </em><em>μ</em><em>M) in combination with 9 </em><em>μ</em><em>M 2,4-D were tested for their effectiveness in inducing somatic embryogenesis from petals and staminoid explants of Cimanggu 1 genotype. Furthermore, three levels of kinetin (0.58, 1.16, and 2.32 </em><em>μ</em><em>M</em><em>) also in combination with 9 </em><em>μ</em><em>M 2,4-D were evaluated for their influences on the somatic embryogenesis from petals and staminoid explants of three cacao genotypes i.e. Sulawesi 02, ICCRI 04 and Cimanggu 3. The result demonstrated that 2.32 </em><em>μ</em><em>M kinetin and staminoids explant were more effective to induce cacao somatic embryogenesis of Cimanggu 1 genotype (7%, 0.23 embryos/explant). Additionally, there were interaction effects between the level of kinetin with explant types and genotype on the percentage of explants forming embryo at 12 weeks after culture. The highest percentage of somatic embryo formation was shown by ICCRI 04 genotype with the use of petals explant and a kinetin level of 1.16 </em><em>μ</em><em>M (31.85%), but not significantly different from the level of kinetin 2.23 </em><em>μ</em><em>M (25.55%). The formation of primary somatic embryos of cacao is largely determined by the type and level of cytokinins, type of explant, and genotype.</em></p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
NUR AJIJAH

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Embriogenesis somatik kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) telah banyak<br />dilaporkan  dengan  penggunaan  zat  pengatur  tumbuh  (ZPT)  yang<br />bervariasi. Penggunaan thidiazuron untuk menginduksi embriogenesis<br />somatik kakao telah dilaporkan melalui dua tahap induksi kalus. Penelitian<br />ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas thidiazuron menginduksi<br />embriogenesis somatik kakao melalui satu tahap induksi kalus. Penelitian<br />dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Unit Pengembangan Benih<br />Unggul, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Bogor. Empat taraf thidiazuron (0; 2,5;<br />5,0; dan 10 µg/l) dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D 2 mg/l<br />digunakan untuk<br />menginduksi kalus dan embrio somatik 3 klon kakao (TSH858, Sca6, dan<br />ICS13) menggunakan eksplan mahkota bunga dan staminoid. Media dasar<br />DKW tanpa ZPT digunakan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian disusun dalam<br />rancangan lingkungan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Setiap unit<br />percobaan terdiri dari sepuluh eksplan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi<br />persentase pembentukan kalus umur 2 dan 4 minggu, penampakan visual<br />kalus, persentase eksplan membentuk embrio somatik, dan jumlah embrio<br />somatik per eksplan umur 10 dan 14 minggu. Kalus terbentuk pada media<br />dengan penambahan hanya 2,4-D atau 2,4-D + thidiazuron, namun embrio<br />somatik hanya terbentuk pada media dengan penambahan 2,4-D +<br />thidiazuron. Pembentukan kalus dan embrio somatik sangat dipengaruhi<br />oleh tipe eksplan dan genotipe. Klon Sca6 lebih responsif dibandingkan<br />TSH858 dan ICS13 dan eksplan staminoid lebih responsif dibandingkan<br />mahkota bunga. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksi<br />yang kuat antara ZPT, genotipe, dan tipe eksplan terhadap pembentukan<br />kalus dan embrio somatik kakao serta tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil yang<br />nyata antara pembentukan embrio somatik melalui satu dan dua tahap<br />induksi kalus.<br />Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao L., genotipe, eksplan, zat pengatur tumbuh</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Somatic embryogenesis of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has been<br />widely reported with varied of plant growth regulators (PGR) used. The<br />use of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of cacao has been<br />reported through a two-step callus induction. The study aimed to evaluate<br />the effectiveness of thidiazuron in inducing somatic embryogenesis of<br />cacao through a one-step of callus induction. The study was conducted at<br />the tissue culture laboratory of Agricultural Seed Development Unit,<br />Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Bogor.<br />Four levels of thidiazuron (0; 2.5; 5.0; and 10 µg/l) in combination with 2<br />mg/l  2,4-D  were  used  for  inducing  callogenesis  and  somatic<br />embryogenesis of three cacao clones (TSH858, Sca6, and ICS13) using<br />petals and staminoids explants. DKW basal medium without PGR was<br />used as a control. The result showed that callus were formed on medium<br />containing only 2,4-D or 2,4-D + thidiazuron, while embryos were only<br />formed on medium containing 2,4-D + thidiazuron. The formation of<br />callus and somatic embryos were highly affected by explant types and<br />genotypes. Sca6 clone was more responsive than TSH858 and ICS13 and<br />staminoids were more responsive than petals. The results of this study<br />revealed that there was a strong interaction between the PGRs, genotypes,<br />and explant types on the formation of cacao callus and somatic embryos.<br />Results of this study also showed no significant difference between the<br />formation of somatic embryos through one and two steps of callus<br />induction.<br />Keywords: Theobroma cacao L., genotypes, explants, plant growth<br />regulators</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Alexandra Pila Quinga ◽  
Angelo Schuabb Heringer ◽  
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga ◽  
Leila do Nascimento Vieira ◽  
Vanildo Silveira ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Niemenak ◽  
Katja Saare-Surminski ◽  
Christina Rohsius ◽  
Denis Omokolo Ndoumou ◽  
Reinhard Lieberei

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 13552
Author(s):  
Koné Daouda ◽  
Kouassi Kan Modeste ◽  
N’Nan Alla Oulo ◽  
Koffi Kouablan Edmond

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Édson Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Luciana Cardoso Cidade ◽  
Fátima Cerqueira Alvim ◽  
Júlio Cézar de Mattos Cascardo ◽  
Marcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa

The objective of this work was to evaluated a procedure for somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) elite clones. Petal explants from cacao clones TSH 565 and TSH 1188 were cultured on PCG and SCG-2 media, for calli growth. Somatic embryos were formed on the surface of embryogenic calli after transfer to embryo development (ED) medium. Clone TSH 565 showed a higher embryogenic potential than TSH 1188. The best combination of carbon source for embryo induction in ED medium was genotype-specific. Embryogenic callus formations increased in micropore tape-sealed Petri dishes, irrespective of cacao genotype. Mature somatic embryos were successfully converted into plantlets.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document