scholarly journals Marking up microrevisions with major implications: Non-linear text in TAG

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elli Bleeker ◽  
Bram Buitendijk ◽  
Ronald Haentjens Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Current Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Information Structures ◽  
To The Lighthouse ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Text Features ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Manuscript Text ◽  
Linear Text

The article discusses how micro-level textual variation can be expressed in an idiomatic manner using markup, and how the markup information is subsequently used by a digital collation tool for a more refined analysis of the textual variation. We take examples from the manuscript materials of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse (1927), which bear the traces of the author's struggles in the form of deletions, additions, and rewrites. These in-text revisions typically constitute non-linear, discontinuous, or multi-hierarchical information structures. While digital technology has been instrumental in supporting manuscript research, the current data models for text provide only limited support for co-existing hierarchies or non-linear text features. The hypergraph data model of TAG is specifically designed to support and facilitate the study of complex manuscript text by way of its syntax TAGML and the collation tool HyperCollate. The article demonstrates how the study of textual variation can be augmented by designated markup to express the in-text, micro-level revisions, and by computer-assisted collation that takes into account that information.

scholarly journals On the progression of COVID19 in Portugal: A comparative analysis of active cases using non-linear regression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milhinhos ◽  
Pedro M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
European Union Member States ◽  
Very High

Portugal has been portrayed as a relatively successful case in the control of the COVID-19's March 2020 outbreak in Europe due to the timely confinement measures taken. As other European Union member states, Portugal is now preparing the phased loosening of the confinement measures, starting in the beginning of May. Even so, the current data, albeit showing at least a reduction in infection rates, renders difficult to forecast scenarios in the imminent future. Using South Korea data as scaffold, which is becoming a paradigmatic case of recovery following a high number of infected people, we fitted Portuguese data to biphasic models using non-linear regression and compared the two countries. The results, which suggest good fit, show that recovery in Portugal can be much slower than anticipated, with a very high percentage of active cases (over 50%) remaining still active even months after the projected end of mitigation measures. This, together with the unknown number of asymptomatic carriers, may increase the risk of a much slower recovery if not of new outbreaks. Europe and elsewhere must consider this contingency when planning the relief of containment measures.

Rituals, Ideals, and Reading the Qur’an

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-65
Author(s):  
S. Sayyid
Keyword(s):  
Political Order ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Text

This article discusses the role of the Qur’anic text in a Muslim’s life and why it should be viewed as a non-linear text designed to guide humanity, rather than as the foundation for a political order or a set of iron-clad laws for ruling a society.

National Culture and the Social Relations of Anywhere Working

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-59
Author(s):  
Mike Berrell
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Traditional Work

Western ideas about work have developed as macro and micro level changes continue to shape the social relations of work. As anywhere working developed as an alternative to traditional work arrangements in the 1990s, a system of checks and balances ensured the work practice delivered customer service and product quality. Western low-context work cultures situated the work practice as a logical development in the chronology of the social relations of work. With its tipping-point in the West reached, anywhere working received less attention in high-context work cultures. Specifically, this chapter investigates how the concept of “national culture” impacts thinking about anywhere working. In the high-context work cultures of East and South East Asia, employers, employees, and the stakeholders of organizations and governments have divergent views about the legitimacy of this work practice. The chapter discusses the influence of national culture on thinking about anywhere working in high-context work cultures, drawing on current data concerning anywhere working in selected Asian economies.

231 SPERM SUBPOPULATIONS IN THE KOALA (PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS) EJACULATE

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
N. Satake ◽  
S. D. Johnston ◽  
W. V. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Head Morphology ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

Koala semen contains a heterogeneous mixture of sperm morphotypes, mainly attributable to extreme degree of shape variability displayed by the hooked sperm head. By analogy with other species, we anticipate that the morphotypes may exhibit correspondingly different sperm-motility behaviors, largely caused by the differences in hydrodynamic interactions with the suspending media. This trend has been shown in human spermatozoa where motility behavior was demonstrably correlated with the sperm head morphology (Overstreet et al. 1981). In this study, we have investigated the heterogeneity of koala sperm motility profiles in semen in an effort to determine whether distinct sperm subpopulations within ejaculates are recognizable by the use of computer-assisted sperm motility analysis. Ejaculates from 5 males were collected by electroejaculation, then diluted and transported in Tris-citrate-glucose (TCG) diluent. Spermatozoa were washed through a 35–60% Percoll gradient to separate seminal plasma and the majority of the prostatic bodies from spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from the washed pellet were then diluted in TCG at 35°C, incubated for 10 min, and video recorded using a negative phase ×10 objective. Sperm motion parameters were then analyzed using the Hobson sperm tracker (Hobson Vision Systems, UK: Holt et al. 1996 J. Androl. 17, 587–596). Multivariate pattern analysis (PATN; CSIRO Australia; Abaigar 1999 Biol. Reprod. 60, 32–41) was used to distinguish 3 sperm subgroups, consistently shown in each ejaculate, within the data (1936 tracks × 6 kinetic parameters; VCL, VAP, MAD, BCF, ALH, LIN). After group allocation by PATN, all parameters showed significant differences between each of the groups (P < 0.0001). Group 1, approximately 25% of the sperm tracks, showed profiles of spermatozoa with fast, non-linear motility (VCL 106.88 ± 28.15; BCF 3.23 ± 3.81; LIN 14.08 ± 10.20). Group 2, approximately 27% of sperm tracks, showed profiles of fast, linear motility (VCL 63.92 ± 13.50; BCF 7.90 ± 3.42; LIN 28.10 ± 12.15). Group 3, 48% of sperm tracks, showed profiles of slow, non-linear or circular patterns of motility (VCL 39.05 ± 11.92; BCF 0.02 ± 0.35; LIN 5.15 ± 4.88). The recognition of 3 clearly identifiable subgroups supports our hypothesis that heterogeneity of sperm motility patterns exists within koala ejaculates. These may be a reflection of the heterogeneity in sperm-head morphotypes in koala semen, but that remains to be investigated in more detail. The clear distinctions between these groups, and the observation that all 3 subpopulations exist in each of the ejaculates, also suggest that the spermatozoa exhibit functional differences, possibly related to biochemical or maturational status. Many thanks to Dr. Michael Pyne and Dr. Vere Nicholson and their teams and animals at Currumbin Wildlife Sanctutary and Dreamwolrd QLD for all their help and support for the collection of samples.

scholarly journals Nonlinearism: The Paradigm That Replaced Postmodernism. On the Materials of Song Poetry and Cyberliterature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Vitaliy A. Gavrikov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Authorial Intent ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Literary Arts ◽  
Linear Text

Abstract This article is an attempt to delineate a new paradigm in the literary arts (including print literature and song poetry). According to the author’s hypothesis, this paradigm cannot be attributed simply to the onset of “digital culture.” The primary reason for the emergence of the new paradigm is the transition from the modernist-postmodernist text to the non-linear text. The transition began in print literature, continued in song poetry, and found its ultimate expression in cyberliterature. The second reason was a change in the artistic paradigm. According to Roland Barthes, in literature, the era of authorial intent (with the author’s mind as the focus) had given way to the period of textuality before reception (which focused on consciousness) became dominant. In this article, the author hypothesizes that at the end of the twentieth century the active postmodernist reception of literary texts was replaced by interactive nonlinear reception.

97 COMPARISON OF MOTILITY AND ACROSOMAL INTEGRITY OF ELECTRO-EJACULATED AND EPIDIDYMAL RAM SPERM AFTER EXPOSURE TO VARIOUS ANISOSMOTIC SOLUTIONS, CRYOPROTECTIVE AGENTS, AND TEMPERATURES

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
O. Varisli ◽  
C. Uguz ◽  
C. Agca ◽  
J. Green ◽  
Y. Agca
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Ram Sperm ◽  
Acrosomal Integrity

Effective ram sperm cryopreservation protocols, which would yield acceptable lambing rates following AI, are currently lacking. The objectives of the current studies were to compare the effects of various anisosmotic conditions, cryoprotective agents (CPA), and temperatures on the motility and acrosomal integrity of electro-ejaculated and epididymal ram sperm. Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, electro-ejaculated and epididymal ram sperm were exposed to 75, 150, 225, 600, 900, and 1200 mOsm kg–1 sucrose solutions, held for 5 min, and then returned to isosmotic conditions. Motility characteristics of sperm during exposure to each anisosmotic solution and after return to isosmotic conditions were determined. In Experiment 2, electro-ejaculated and epididymal ram sperm were exposed to 1 m glycerol (Gly), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), or propylene glycol (PG) for 5 min and then returned to isosmotic conditions. Motility characteristics of sperm samples during exposure to each CPA solution and after return to isosmotic conditions were determined. In Experiment 3, effects of various temperatures on motility characteristics of electro-ejaculated and epididymal ram sperm were determined after exposure to three different sub-physiologic temperatures (4, 10, and 22�C) for 30 min and subsequently return to 37�C. A computer-assisted semen analysis system was used to determine sperm motility characteristics. Epifluorescence microscopy was used to determine sperm acrosomal integrity after fixing and staining with Alexa Fluor-488-PNA (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA). The data were analyzed by ANOVA by using SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The motility of electro-ejaculated ram sperm was significantly more affected by anisosmotic stress than was that of epididymal ram sperm (P < 0.05). While anisosmotic stress had no effect on acrosomal integrity of epididymal ram sperm, there was a significant reduction in acrosomal integrity for electro-ejaculated ram sperm after the addition and removal of a 75 mOsm sucrose solution. The abrupt addition and removal of 1 m Gly, DMSO, EG, or PG had no effect on the motility and acrosomal integrity of epididymal ram sperm (P > 0.05). However, there was a slight decrease in acrosomal integrity for electro-ejaculated ram sperm after exposure to 1 m Gly, DMSO, or EG (P > 0.05). Both epididymal and electro-ejaculated ram sperm exhibited temperature-dependent loss of motility and acrosomal integrity (P < 0.05). However, electro-ejaculated ram sperm were more sensitive to chilling stress than were epididymal sperm (P < 0.05). In conclusion, current data overall suggest that while epididymal ram sperm are extremely resilient to various cryobiologically relevant stress conditions, ejaculated ram sperm demonstrate greater sensitivity to such stressors. These current findings should be taken into account when handling and developing cryopreservation protocols for ejaculated and epididymal ram sperm.

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