AKULTURASI ISLAM DENGAN BUDAYA DI PULAU JAWA

Abstrak – Islam brought changes in cultural acculturation including tombstones, literary arts, performing arts and carving arts. Besides having a lot of influence in the field of art, Islamic teachings also affect the nature and habits of the people on the island of Java. Acculturation between Islam and culture on the island of Java occurs in many ways, the most visible of which is the work of carving. The occurrence of acculturation between Islamic teachings and Javanese culture does not cause the loss of previous cultural values, but enriches cultural diversity in Indonesia. The process of the entry of Islam into Indonesia has influenced and experienced cultural acculturation with local culture, especially Javanese culture. There are so many results or forms of acculturation between Islamic religious teachings and Javanese culture, starting from the history of the entry of Islam in the archipelago through the services of the Songo guardians and cultural developments from time to time, starting from human civilization in the archipelago, especially the island of Java, the history of the Dutch and Japanese colonial times. , the era of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms to the Islamic kingdoms on the island of Java which we can still see its legacy to this day. In writing this study, we discuss examples of the results of acculturation of Javanese culture such as building art, carving art and literary arts with Islamic teachings and the influence of the acculturation results of these two values ​​and cultures. Abstrak – Islam membawa perubahan akulturasi budaya diantaranya pada batu nisan, seni sastra, seni pertunjukan dan seni ukir. Selain banyak mempengaruhi dalam bidang seni ajaran islam juga mempengaruhi sifat serta kebiasaan masyarakat di pulau jawa. Akulturasi antara islam dan kebudayaan di pulau jawa terjadi dalam banyak hal diantaranya yang paling terlihat yaitu hasil karya seni ukir. Terjadinya akulturasi antara ajaran islam dan kebudayaan masyarakat jawa tersebut tidak menyebabkan hilangnya nilai kebudayaan sebelumnya, tetapi memperkaya keanekaragaman budaya di Indonesia. Proses masuknya Islam ke Indonesia telah mempengaruhi serta mengalami akulturasi budaya dengan budaya lokal, khususnya budaya Jawa. Banyak sekali hasil atau wujud akulturasi antara ajaran agama islam dan budaya jawa, berawal dari sejarah masuknya Islam di nusantara melalui jasa para wali songo dan perkembangan budaya dari masa ke masa, mulai dari peradaban manusia di nusantara khususnya pulau jawa, sejarah masa kolonial belanda dan jepang, zaman kerajaan hindu-budha hingga kerajaan-kerajaan islam di pulau jawa yang masih dapat kita lihat peninggalannya sampai saat ini. Pada penulisan penelitian ini membahas tentang contoh hasil akulturasi kebudayaan jawa seperti seni bangunannya, seni ukir dan seni sastra dengan ajaran agama islam serta pengaruh dari hasil akulturasi kedua nilai dan budaya tersebut.

THE ARTS AND HISTORICAL REMAINS IN THE CAVE TEMPLES IN IPOH, MALAYSIA

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the arts and historical remains in the cave temples of Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Ipoh is well known for its numerous limestone cave temples. Based on the fieldwork survey from 2016 to 2020, Ipoh has 50 cave temples. Before the survey, the number of cave temples in Ipoh was unknown. These cave temples can be divided into three types based on their physical appearances. The paper discusses the arts and historical remains kept in selected cave temples that were established before World War II. The arts discussed in this paper can be divided into visual and literary arts, such as mural, drawing, statue and poetry. The majority of the historical remains taken are archival and epigraphical materials. The epigraphical materials are carved in bronze bells, wooden tablets, brass censers, stone inscriptions, and other materials. This paper aims to highlight the diversity of the arts and historical remains in Nusantara.

LITERARY ARTS IN ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE AS WELL AS THE CASES IN QUR'AN (FUSSILET - AMONG THE SURAHS OF AL-HADID

The Arabic language has been one of the oldest and richest languages in the world for centuries. Arabs have long been recognized in history for their virtues in disciplines such as language, literature, and poetry. Following Islam, the Arabic language has become the common language of Muslims, and individuals with many languages and from various cultures congregated under its roof. These individuals, who were blessed with Islam, placed a high value on the Arabic language and literature to better comprehend the Qur'an and the Prophet (pbuh)'s hadiths. The science of rhetoric including the subdisciplines of maani, bayan, and badi addresses the methods and principles of correctly and appropriately speaking. The science of badi teaching us that the word should be reasonable in terms of phrasing and meaning, appropriate for the place and time it is in, and how to make the word more beautiful is divided into two parts: literary and spiritual arts. The article demonstrates the cases from the Fussilet-al-Hadid surahs and evaluates the literary arts in the Arabic language and literature. The aim of the study is to contribute to the literary comprehension of the Holy Qur'an containing various cases of eloquence and fesahat (fluency).

خوانش تطبیقی طنز اجتماعی – سیاسی در آثار ابوالفضل زرویی نصرآباد و احمد رجب(مورد مطالعه: تذکرة المقامات زرویی و نصف كلمة احمد رجب) A comparative reading of the social and political satire in the works of Abu al-Fadl Zrui Nasrabad and Ahmad Rajab (The tadhk

Satire is genre of the literary arts that has always been the source of human interest. Because it is difficult to accept direct criticism, Satire appears as a literary tool in which vices, follies, abuses and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. A satirical critic usually employs irony to attain this goal. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often profitable social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and broader issues in society .In such cases, humor is not an entertainment, but a means through which a problem is being exposed in a rather indirect way. Abu al-Fadl Zrui Nasrabad and Ahmad Rajab are two of the famous satirists in Iran and Egypt who have used satire to expose the follies, immoralities and the defects of their societies. The present study discusses The tadhkirat Al- Maqamat of Abu al-Fadl Zrui Nasrabad and Half a Word for Ahmad Rajab in an analytical and descriptive manner and deals with the arts and styles of the two satirists. The conclusion sums up that satire is one of the most distinguished features of the two writers in their prose, and by using the language of satire, they are also able to criticize ,in a large way, the issues and problems that exist in Iranian and Egyptian society indirectly. طنز یکی از فنون ادبی است که همواره مورد توجه انسان بوده است. در بسیاری اوقات، اوضاع و شرایط حاکم بر جامعه به گونه‌ای است که جامعه، ظرفیت تحمل و شنیدن صریح انتقادات را ندارد و به ناچار، باید از ابزاری دیگر برای نمایاندن مشکلات و کمبودها بهره برد. در چنین مواردی، طنز به میدان می‌آید و هنرمند طنزپرداز با استفاده از شگرد سخریه و طنزپردازی، این هدف را به انجام می‌رساند. خنده‌ای که در اثر طنز بروز می‌کند، خنده‌ای از سر شادی نیست، بلکه چون در طنز، مشکلات موجود که قابلیت بیان صریح آن نیست به صورتی غیر مستقیم بیان می‌شود این خنده، ظاهری است و در باطن، مخاطب می‌گرید و به فکر فرو‌می‌رود. ابوالفضل زرویی نصرآباد و احمد رجب از نویسندگان سرشناس طنز در ایران و مصر در آثارشان توانسته‌اند با استفاده از شگردهای مختلف طنزپردازی، اوضاع و شرایط حاکم در کشورهای خود را به خوبی منعکس کنند. پژوهش حاضر، با روش تحلیلی-توصیفی و با تکیه بر تذکرة المقامات زرویی و نصف كلمة احمد رجب، این تکنیک‌ها را مورد بررسی قرار داده و به این نتیجه رسیده است که تهکم، بیشترین بسامد در نثر این دو نویسنده را به خود اختصاص داده است، همچنین این دو با استفاده از زبان طنز، توانسته‌اند تا حد زیادی مسائل و مشکلات موجود در جامعة ایران و مصر را به صورتی غیر مستقیم بیان و نسبت به آن انتقاد کنند.

Non-metaphorical Objects as Alternate Means of Literary Communication in Selected Plays of A. B. Chukuezi

Emphasis on effective communication has become the concern of many literary scholars. The need to explore where the burden of communication lies in the literary arts resounds among literary critics and beyond. The study sets out to examine how ordinary intentional dramatic objects in selected Igbo plays of A. B. Chukuezi; Udo Ka Mma, Aku Fechaa and Akwa Nwa are utilised to influence and communicate the intents of the drama texts to the audience. The theoretical framework is based on the viewpoint of theatre semiotics. The belief of theatre semiotics is that every part of a play is relevant in the actualisation of the complex whole called the text. The findings suggest that dramatic objects are not mere symbols for stage beautification, but are objects that can connect a text to its audience. They can also illuminate and illustrate the content and context of a text; as well as develop and extend a storyline.

COMMUNICATING EUROPEAN VALUES THROUGH CRITICAL MEDIA LITERACY: CASE OF ERASMUS+ JEAN MONNET MODULE "EUROPEAN VALUES IN LITERARY ARTS"

The article is prepared based on the results of the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Module «European Values in Literary Arts» (599918-ЕРР-1-2018-1-UA-EPPJMO-MODULE EUVOLIA). The study explores the impact of the course «European Values in Literary Arts» (EUVOLIA) on its target audience (Bachelor and Master students majoring in Humanities, Natural and Exact sciences) in terms of raising awareness of European values. The relevance of the study is determined, on the one hand, by the necessity to articulate сorrectly the European values dimension in the HEI curricula, and, on the other hand, by the lack of a methodological basis for a value-based approach in the teaching of the Humanities. While Ukrainian students’ perception of European values is fragmented due to controversial social and political contexts (i.e., conflicting attitudes to Ukraine’s European integration and growing disillusionment in EU institutions’ functionality), a critical media literacy toolkit developed by EUVOLIA can significantly increase their sensitivity to values-related issues and deepen their understanding of European values as an integral axiological construct. The impact of the EUVOLIA course, which was presented in Zaporizhzhya National University during 2018–2020 for five mixed groups of students (126 students in total), was measured with the help of formalized questionnaires and surveys. The target audience’s portrait of values was created according to the Schwartz Value Survey on the research of value orientations. The results showed that the methodological toolkit used in the EUVOLIA project not only increases students’ awareness of European values but also contributed to the development of critical perceptions of cultural products and materials of mass media, overcoming the phenomenon of «double-think» and strengthening the sense of belonging to the European cultural paradigm.

Pameran Ini Saya Punya Kerja: Manifestasi Dua Seni

“Ini Saya Punya Kerja: Manifestasi Dua Seni” is a collaborative exhibition organised by Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, University of Malaya, and Yayasan Usman Awang. The exhibition combines academics, painters, and poets to manifest the merger of two arts, the visual arts and the literary arts. The exhibition was officiated by Tan Sri Johan Jaaffar at the University of Malaya Art Gallery on Sunday, 13 February 2020, at 10.00 am. A total of 37 painters with 74 artworks consisting of paintings, installations, sculptures, and photographs were exhibited. All works were translations of the poems written by National Laureate Usman Awang. The most dominant style was abstract expressionism characterised by free spontaneous lines accompanied by bright colours and spontaneous brush strokes. Among the painters with this style were Suzlee Ibrahim (Pahlawan, 2009), Lily Noguchi (Jentayu, 2019), Liu Cheng Hua (Anak Jiran Tionghua, 2019), Sabri Salleh (Duri dan Api, 2019), and Mustafa Salleh (Pahlawan, 2019). There were also semi-abstract works. Among the painters who adopted this style were Haron Mokhtar (Balada Terbunuhnya Beringin Tua di Pinggir Sebuah Bandaraya, 2019), Aizat Amir (Jiwa Hamba, 2019), and Abdul Raoof Ali (Keranda 152, 2019). There were also painters that produced realistic works. Among them were Md Nasir Ibrahim (Bunga Popi 1, 2019 and Bunga Popi II, 2020), and Mohamad Hassan (Tulang-tulang Berserakan: Saksi-saksi Bisu, 2019). The exhibition has achieved the goal of translating Usman Awang’s poems into visual form. Painters were able to play with the semiotic visuals that were a priority in this study.