REFLEKSI NILAI ADAB DAN HUBUNGAN HORIZONTAL DALAM NASKAH BABAD AWAK SALIRA

ABSTRACT The value of moral affects the horizontal relationship that exists between humans. This is recorded in the ancient texts of the Islamic period as evidence of the influence of Islamic teachings that entered the archipelago. The disclosure of this moral value is an effort to "share" the heritage of the ancestors, as well as a reflection on the current conditions that are quite relevant. The Babad Awak Salira (BAS) manuscript, one of the written heritages in Tatar Sunda, contains very strong moral values. The problems revealed in this paper, namely; (1) the values ​​of moral contained in the text of the BAS manuscript; and (2) the effect of moral reflection in the horizontal relationship. This paper aims to reveal the values ​​of moral and their influence on horizontal relationships. This research is a literature research, descriptive analysis. Due to the fact that the object is an ancient text, a philological approach is used to study the BAS text. Seeing this, the relevance of the existence of values ​​in the ancient texts (which are time apart) is so eternal in didactic wraps. The existence of content values ​​can also be seen as a piece of advice and a "treasure" of inheritance in a written tradition in Tatar Sunda, in general in the archipelago. Disclosure of the value of the content of ancient manuscripts, can be seen as an effort to understand and "bridge" the times, considering that the medium of script is no longer conventional at this time. Keywords: Manuscript, Text BAS, Moral values, Moral reflection. Nilai adab berpengaruh terhadap hubungan horizontal yang terjalin antarmanusia. Hal ini tercatat dalam naskah kuna periode Islam sebagai bukti pengaruh ajaran Islam yang masuk ke Nusantara. Pengungkapan nilai adab ini sebagai upaya “membagikan” warisan nenek moyang, juga sebagai refleksi atas kondisi zaman saat ini yang cukup relevan. Naskah Babad Awak Salira (BAS), salah satu warisan tulis yang ada di Tatar Sunda, mengandung nilai-nilai adab yang kuat. Masalah yang diungkap dalam tulisan ini, yaitu; (1) nilai adab yang ada di dalam teks naskah BAS; dan (2) pengaruh refleksi adab dalam hubungan horizontal. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap nilai-nilai adab dan pengaruhnya terhadap hubungan horizontal. Kajian berjenis studi pustaka, bersifat deskriptif analisis. Sehubungan bahwa objek adalah naskah kuna, digunakan pendekatan filologis untuk mengkaji naskah BAS. Melihat hal itu, relevansi keberadaan nilai dalam naskah kuna (yang berjarak zaman) begitu kekal dalam balutan didaktis. Keberadaan nilai kandungan juga dapat dipandang sebagai sebuah petuah dan “harta” warisan dalam sebuah tradisi tulis di Tatar Sunda, secara umum di Nusantara. Pengungkapan nilai kandungan naskah kuna dapat dilihat sebagai upaya memahamkan dan “menjembatani” zaman, mengingat medium aksara sudah tidak konven­sional lagi saat ini. Kata kunci: Naskah kuna, Teks BAS, Nilai Adab, Refleksi Adab.

The Problem of Consciousness and its Origin in Vasily Sesemann’s Manuscripts

The purpose of this article is to analyse the concept of consciousness in Vasily Sesemann’s manuscripts. Sesemann studied consciousness, describing it as an intentional experience and rejecting its naturalistic explanations. Sesemann revealed the irreducibility of life to physiological or chemical processes and at the same time rejected the dualistic opposition of spirit and matter, soul and body. In the manuscript text “Self-knowledge, self-consciousness and objectification” the philosopher explores the relationship of consciousness with self-consciousness and the subconscious, as well as various forms of objectification of consciousness. This manuscript can be attributed to a group of manuscript texts that discuss the origin of consciousness and the metaphysical relationship between matter and spirit. In the article, I will first discuss the relationship between Sesemann’s concept of consciousness and the philosophy of nature. Second, I will examine how Sesemann understands the relationship between consciousness and self-consciousness and the objectifications of consciousness. Third, I will analyze how the philosopher understands emotional intuition and subconsciousness. I argue that Sesemann’s approach is phenomenological.

Defining ethical challenge(s) in healthcare research: a rapid review

Background Despite its ubiquity in academic research, the phrase ‘ethical challenge(s)’ appears to lack an agreed definition. A lack of a definition risks introducing confusion or avoidable bias. Conceptual clarity is a key component of research, both theoretical and empirical. Using a rapid review methodology, we sought to review definitions of ‘ethical challenge(s)’ and closely related terms as used in current healthcare research literature. Methods Rapid review to identify peer-reviewed reports examining ‘ethical challenge(s)’ in any context, extracting data on definitions of ‘ethical challenge(s)’ in use, and synonymous use of closely related terms in the general manuscript text. Data were analysed using content analysis. Four databases (MEDLINE, Philosopher’s Index, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched from April 2016 to April 2021. Results 393 records were screened, with 72 studies eligible and included: 53 empirical studies, 17 structured reviews and 2 review protocols. 12/72 (17%) contained an explicit definition of ‘ethical challenge(s), two of which were shared, resulting in 11 unique definitions. Within these 11 definitions, four approaches were identified: definition through concepts; reference to moral conflict, moral uncertainty or difficult choices; definition by participants; and challenges linked to emotional or moral distress. Each definition contained one or more of these approaches, but none contained all four. 68/72 (94%) included studies used terms closely related to synonymously refer to ‘ethical challenge(s)’ within their manuscript text, with 32 different terms identified and between one and eight different terms mentioned per study. Conclusions Only 12/72 studies contained an explicit definition of ‘ethical challenge(s)’, with significant variety in scope and complexity. This variation risks confusion and biasing data analysis and results, reducing confidence in research findings. Further work on establishing acceptable definitional content is needed to inform future bioethics research.

L’expulsió dels moriscos valencians, segons la Relació de Maximilià Cerdà de Tallada

Resum: Aquest article tracta sobre la minoria morisca valenciana i la seva expulsió, a partir de l’estudi d’un text manuscrit de Cerdà de Tallada sobre l’expulsió dels moriscos valencians el 1609. El text, incomplet, conté, tanmateix, nombrosos fets d’interès historiogràfic i és un notable exemple de les cròniques valencianes d’aqueix període del Barroc.Paraules clau: moriscos, expulsió, València, Maximilià Cerdà de TalladaAbstract: This article is about the Valencian Moorish minority and their expulsion, based on a study of a manuscript text by Cerdà de Tallada about the expulsion of the Valencian Moors in 1609. The text, which is incomplete, contains, nevertheless, numerous facts of historiographical interest and is a remarkable example of the Valencian chronicles from the Baroque period.Keywords: moorish, expulsion, Maximilà Cerdà de Tallada

The mid-Cretaceous Peninsular Ranges orogeny: a new slant on Cordilleran tectonics? I: Mexico to Nevada

Dear Author: Please reduce the abstract length down below 250 words both in the manuscript text file and pasted here.

The Works of Mustafa Ejubović - Šejh Jujo in the Field of Disputation

Mustafa Ejubović - Šejh Jujo is one of the most prolific Bosniak writers who wrote in oriental languages. He wrote about almost all Islamic disciplines, and especially about disputation. This paper is a contribution to the study of the written legacy of Mustafa Ejubović. Given that the subject of this paper is disputation, which is considered a branch of logic, this paper gives a brief overview of the development of logic as a discipline, with a special focus on its development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the so-called Arabic logic was studied. This paper gives an overview of ten Ejubović’s works available from the field of disputation. Two of those ten works have been translated into Bosnian, and three have not yet been found. During the analysis of each of the manuscripts, it was concluded that Ejubović left a considerable number of over 400 pages of manuscript text from the field of disputation. After the presentation of his works, the paper gives brief insights into disputation, explaining the basic concepts of the discipline. After that, a brief overview of a debate according to principles of the discipline is given along with quotations from Ejubović’s works, as well as some other works from disputation. His contribution to this discipline deserves much more extensive and detailed work.

Marking up microrevisions with major implications: Non-linear text in TAG

The article discusses how micro-level textual variation can be expressed in an idiomatic manner using markup, and how the markup information is subsequently used by a digital collation tool for a more refined analysis of the textual variation. We take examples from the manuscript materials of Virginia Woolf's To the Lighthouse (1927), which bear the traces of the author's struggles in the form of deletions, additions, and rewrites. These in-text revisions typically constitute non-linear, discontinuous, or multi-hierarchical information structures. While digital technology has been instrumental in supporting manuscript research, the current data models for text provide only limited support for co-existing hierarchies or non-linear text features. The hypergraph data model of TAG is specifically designed to support and facilitate the study of complex manuscript text by way of its syntax TAGML and the collation tool HyperCollate. The article demonstrates how the study of textual variation can be augmented by designated markup to express the in-text, micro-level revisions, and by computer-assisted collation that takes into account that information.

Etika di Tempat Suci menurut Lontar Kramapura

<em>The rapid flow of globalization has changed the order of life of Hindus in behaving. Not infrequently Hindus are trapped in a behavior that is not in accordance with sesana as Hindu, so it affects the behavior that deviates. The phenomenon of Hindus dressed in fashion to the temple, the number of gambling operations in the plate of Pura is a deviant behavior that is not in accordance <em>with sesana as Hindus. So it needs to be explored guidelines to behave for Hindus. One of the guidelines for behaving in the shrine is the Lontar Kramapura Manuscript. This manuscript text is a type of papyrus Sesana that contains the teachings of behavior to maintain the sanctity of the temple. This Lontar Manuscript outlines the teachings and prohibitions that are not allowed if you want to enter the temple. The teachings contained in this Lontar Kramapura (1) The doctrine of preserving the sanctity of the Pura where this doctrine contains the duties for the pengempon and pemaksan Pura to keep the holiness is maintained. (2) The Doctrine of Sesana Pemangkuan, in this doctrine contains the obligations of stakeholders as Pangempon Pura in maintaining the sanctity and sacredness of the temple through the improvement of jnana with the obligation to learn sesana become Pemangku. This manuscript of Lontar Kramapura also contains restrictions on holy places such as (1) Various kinds of offerings that should not be placed in the temple, (2) Prohibition for people entering temples like for men who are menstruating, cuntaka and others. (3) Prohibition for people who behave badly like confessing kerauhan, stealing in the temple, saying that is not good at the temple, people who fight in the temple, and behave that do not know the courtesy.</em></em>