Quantum information effects

We study the two dual quantum information effects to manipulate the amount of information in quantum computation: hiding and allocation. The resulting type-and-effect system is fully expressive for irreversible quantum computing, including measurement. We provide universal categorical constructions that semantically interpret this arrow metalanguage with choice, starting with any rig groupoid interpreting the reversible base language. Several properties of quantum measurement follow in general, and we translate (noniterative) quantum flow charts into our language. The semantic constructions turn the category of unitaries between Hilbert spaces into the category of completely positive trace-preserving maps, and they turn the category of bijections between finite sets into the category of functions with chosen garbage. Thus they capture the fundamental theorems of classical and quantum reversible computing of Toffoli and Stinespring.

Problem-Solving Manager

The Problem-Solving Manager makes the approved best practices available across the organization. This chapter presents the flow charts and pseudo-code for developing the Problem-Solving Manager. This chapter also shows that this additional role for the Problem-Solving Manager enables an innovative learning (iLearning) organization. Innovative learning begins with all team members having access to the same knowledge for the current “best way” of solving a problem. This knowledge is where the lessons learned from the past meet the best thinking of the present to learn how to do things better – innovative learning.

Dialog Development Manager

This chapter shows how software development professionals use the provided flow charts and pseudo-code to create the Dialog Development Manager. Analysts then use the Dialog Development Manager to create the problem-specific knowledge needed by a natural language processor to support the conversation between Socrates DigitalTM and end users. The Dialog Development Manager guides the analysts through design and development of the Understand, Explore, Materialize, and Realize phases to create the conversational interface for Socrates DigitalTM.

ALGORITMA DAN BAHASA PEMPROGRAMAN

An algorithm is a logical step or sequence in making a decision to solve a problem. Algorithms can be written in many ways, such as using everyday language, flow charts and even using programming languages such as C or C++. And in the algorithm there is also a Flowchart which means an image or graph of the steps that must be followed to make it easier to solve the problem. Programming languages cannot be separated from data types, if/else, arrays because these have an important role for beginners or those who want to know about programming languages. Writing scientific articles can make it easier for readers to know about algorithms and programming languages.

Algoritma pemrograman

An algorithm is a logical step or sequence in making a decision to solve a problem. Algorithms can be written in many ways, such as using everyday language, flow charts and even using programming languages such as C or C++. And in the algorithm there is also a Flowchart which means an image or graph of the steps that must be followed to make it easier to solve the problem. Programming languages cannot be separated from data types, if/else, arrays because these have an important role for beginners or those who want to know about programming languages. Writing scientific articles can make it easier for readers to know about algorithms and programming languages. Keywords: algorithm, algorithm and programming, programming language, data type, writing algorithm

Aortic Valve Stenosis and Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Misleading Association

The association between aortic stenosis (AS) and cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is more frequent than expected. Albeit rare, CA, particularly the transthyretin (ATTR) form, is commonly found in elderly people. ATTR-CA is also the most prevalent form in patients with AS. These conditions share pathophysiological, clinical and imaging findings, making the diagnostic process very challenging. To date, a multiparametric evaluation is suggested in order to detect patients with both AS and CA and choose the best therapeutic option. Given the accuracy of modern non-invasive techniques (i.e., bone scintigraphy), early diagnosis of CA is possible. Flow-charts with the main CA findings which may help clinicians in the diagnostic process have been proposed. The prognostic impact of the combination of AS and CA is not fully known; however, new available specific treatments of ATTR-CA have changed the natural history of the disease and have some impact on the decision-making process for the management of AS. Hence the relevance of detecting these two conditions when simultaneously present. The specific features helping the detection of AS-CA association are discussed in this review, focusing on the shared pathophysiological characteristics and the common clinical and imaging hallmarks.

Development of Minimum Pressurization Temperature Envelopes for Hydroprocessing Reactors - A Case Study

Low alloy heavy-walled hydroprocessing reactors in the refining industry, which operate at elevated temperatures and high hydrogen environments, need to be designed for protection against brittle fracture especially during start-up and shutdown. While developing minimum pressurization temperature (MPT) envelopes for these reactors, both temper and hydrogen embrittlement effects must be considered. However, there are no specific rules to evaluate loss of toughness due to hydrogen embrittlement in the design Codes / fitness-for-service Standards. Earlier, Japanese steel and pressure vessel manufacturers (JSPVM) developed a methodology to estimate MPT envelope for Cr-Mo steel pressure vessels. Recently, a state-of-the-art fracture mechanics based methodology is published in Welding Research Council (WRC) Bulletin 562 to determine MPT envelopes for equipment operating in high-pressure hydrogen environments. Meanwhile, API RP 934-F draft provided guidance on developing MPT envelops for heavy wall Cr-Mo vessels. In this paper, a brief summary of the JSPVM, API and WRC approach is presented with flow charts. A case study of establishing the MPT envelopes for a typical hydroprocessing reactor using WRC, JSPVM and API approach is presented and the results are compared and discussed. The advantages and potential savings of using recent WRC approach are highlighted.

Guidance for the management of inpatient hyperglycemia in COVID-19

Diabetes and hyperglycemia are among the most common problems in hospitalized patients, a combination particularly evident in patients affected by COVID-19. Therefore the management of these, already complex, patients becomes critical. SARS-CoV2 infection increases insulin resistance and alters its production by pancreatic beta-cells, therefore severe hyperglycemia is frequent in patients admitted to COVID hospitals both already suffering from Diabetes mellitus or dysglycemia, and in those without known alterations of glucose metabolism. High-dose glucocorticoid treatment, frequently used in more complex COVID-19, also alters glucose metabolism, thus worsening hyperglycemia. Consequently, severe hyperglycemia is frequent, both in the admission phase and during hospitalization of COVID-19 in patients, and therefore, although the care and assistance of COVID-19 inpatients is complex, treatment of hyperglycemia cannot be underestimated. It has indeed been demonstrated that glucose levels above 180 mg/dL are known to be linked to increased mortality and worse prognosis of inpatients. In addition, people with diabetes are at a higher risk of serious COVID-19. The aim of this work was to offer to healthcare professionals involved in the care of COVID inpatients a support in making clinical decisions for the management of hyperglycemia, so to ensure both appropriate blood glucose surveillance and hyperglycemia management avoiding improper use of precious resources. Therefore, the Inpatient project group has developed easy-to-consult flow charts available on the AMD website during the COVID-19 pandemic second wave. KEY WORDS management of hyperglycemic crises; inpatients with COVID-19; glucocorticosteroid therapy.