Researching and Preventing Alcohol Problems at Work: Toward an Integrative Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Chapman Walsh ◽  
Rima E. Rudd ◽  
Lois Biener ◽  
Tom Mangione
Keyword(s):  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Psychosocial Influences ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Initiatives

Purpose of Proposal. A consolidated framework is proposed to highlight modifiable factors in work organizations that may contribute to alcohol-related problems. This research model serves to organize existing knowledge, highlight pathways for new research initiatives, and offer insights into the design of primary and secondary preventive strategies. Contributing Influences. Current research on problem drinking in the workplace either locates problems in individual drinkers or looks to the social environment to understand how drinking problems unfold. There is a clear need for a more complete theoretical model which incorporates social, cultural, organizational, and personal factors. Proposal Summary. This article elaborates on a model for examining problem drinking at work which integrates policy, normative, and psychosocial influences. It emphasizes the structures within which health-related decisions and actions are contained and constrained. The focus here on the connections between alcohol use and work builds on the premise that health is socially produced.

Artikel

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-337
Author(s):  
Lisa Skogens
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
The Social

■ Aims The aim was to study the influence of personal factors on how social workers act on signs of drinking problems in clients contacting social services for social assistance. ■ Methods & Data The 103 social workers taking part in the study were, through written vignettes, presented to a hypothetical client in eight fictious consecutive visits to the social service office. During the earlier visits the client shows minor signs that may be interpreted as signs of a drinking problem. In each subsequent visit his drinking problems gradually become more obvious. Following each visit, the social worker was asked to choose among alternatives regarding appropriate actions. The relation between individual qualities amongst the social workers – in terms of age, sex, education, professional experience, views on the nature of problem drinking and principals for resource allocation - and the way they acted (in terms of the acting alternatives they chose at each “visit”) were tested in bivariate and multivariate analyses. ■ Results Social workers with long professional experience tended to inform the client earlier on available help for problem drinking than did other social workers. Demands for clients to take part in some form of treatment in order to get social assistance were made to a higher extent by social workers without a BA in social work. How the social worker looked on principals for resource allocation also affected the tendency to put that demand on the client. ■ Conclusions The difference between active and more reluctant social workers could only to some extent be explained by the personal factors investigated. However, the findings may suggest that besides education and professional experience, personal values may play a role.

Sleep Problems During the Preschool Years and Beyond as a Marker of Risk and Resilience in Substance Use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Before And After

Individuals with alcohol problems have well-described disturbances of sleep, but the development of these disturbances both before and after the onset of problem drinking is poorly understood. This chapter first discusses sleep physiology and its measurement in humans. It then examines the functions of sleep and its role in development. Next, it reviews recent research on the relationship between sleep and alcohol use and related problems. Whereas sleep problems (e.g., difficulties falling or staying asleep) increase the risk of early onset of alcohol use and related problems, sleep rhythmicity promotes resilience to the development of alcohol use disorder and problem substance use. Based on existing research, this chapter proposes a theoretical model of sleep and alcohol use, highlighting the role of self-regulatory processes as mediators of this relationship.

A Systematized Review of Professional Employment Following Thoracic Transplantation

2022 ◽  
pp. 152692482110648
Author(s):  
Stefan Jobst ◽  
Jonas Schaefer ◽  
Christina Kleiser ◽  
Christiane Kugler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Systematized Review ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients ◽  
Thoracic Transplantation

Introduction Acknowledging the evolved landscape in thoracic transplantation, professional employment becomes an important outcome measure to quantify the success of this costly procedure. Objective We aimed to assess rates of and characterize factors associated with professional employment in patients following thoracic transplantation, and create an evidence-base on the relationship between professional employment and relevant outcome parameters. Methods We systematically searched Medline, Cinahl, and GoogleScholar to identify studies published between 1998 and 2021 reporting on professional employment following heart and lung transplantation. Results Twenty-two studies from 11 countries with varying sample sizes (N = 27; 10 066) were included. Employment rates ranged from 19.7% to 69.4% for heart, and from 7.4% to 50.8% for lung transplant recipients. Most frequently reported positively associated factors with employment after transplant were younger age, higher education, and history of pretransplant employment. Longer duration of unemployment prior to transplantation and Medicaid coverage were the most frequently reported negatively associated factors. Relationships between professional employment and clinical outcomes included lower rates of acute and chronic rejection, less infection episodes, and better quality of life among working patients; one study reported a lower 5-year-mortality rate. Reasons not to work were “physical or mental health-related,” “employment-related,” “financial reasons,” and “lifestyle choices.” Discussion Substantial proportions of patients following thoracic transplantation are not professionally employed, potentially diminishing the success of transplantation on individual and societal levels. Considering adverse clinical outcomes in employed transplant recipients were low, more efforts are needed to identify modifiable factors for employment in these populations.

Trait Impulsivity Impedes Maturing Out of Problem Drinking Among Socially Anxious Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Elena Bilevicius ◽  
Chantal Van Landeghem ◽  
Sherry H Stewart ◽  
Simon B Sherry ◽  
Matthew T Keough
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Trait Impulsivity

Abstract Aims Alcohol use follows a developmental trajectory—steadily increasing and peaking in the early stages of emerging adulthood (e.g. first year of university) and declining thereafter. While most individuals ‘mature out’ of problem drinking as they move through emerging adulthood, some continue to drink heavily and experience serious problems. Tension reduction theory identifies social anxiety (SA) as a potential risk factor for problem drinking during emerging adulthood. However, mixed data suggest that the associations between SA and drinking behaviours are not straightforward. Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that socially anxious emerging adults are at risk for problem drinking, but only if they are also high in trait impulsivity. This study aimed to expand on previous work by examining trait impulsivity as moderator of the prospective associations between SA and maturing out of problem drinking in emerging adulthood. Methods Undergraduates (N = 302) completed online self-reports at regular intervals (6-months) over an 18-month period, resulting in four waves of data. Results Unconditional latent growth curve models indicated that alcohol problems (but not use) declined linearly over time. Next, conditional growth curve models revealed that SA was associated with impeded maturing out of alcohol problems, but this effect was only present in socially anxious participants with high levels of trait impulsivity. Conclusion Our study advances growing literature on the crucial moderating role that impulsivity plays in the SA pathway to problem drinking. Clinical interventions for problem drinking among socially anxious students should both assess for and target concurrent impulsivity.

Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents: Subjective Well Being

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Gaspar ◽  
José Pais Ribeiro ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
Isabel Leal ◽  
Aristides Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

The main objective of this study was to build a model, which includes personal and social factors, that helps to highlight factors that promote health-related quality of Life (HRQoL) in children and in adolescents. A sample of 3195 children and adolescents was acquired from 5th and 7th graders from all five Portuguese regions. In this study three independent latent variables were specified – Physical, Psychological and Social and two dependent latent variables were measured: Health behavior and Quality of Life. The integrative model was composed by different components: (1) health-related quality of life, integrated by 8 dimensions from KIDSCREEN-52; (2) health behavior, (3) variables related to physical health; (4) variables related to social health; (5) variables related to psychological health. As results were found strong correlation between psychological dimensions and self-esteem and other factors and a structural equation model was developed. The model presented a RMSEA index of .08. Similarly, adjustment levels for the CFI, NFI and IFI vary above or around .90, which suggests a good adjustment for the hypothesized model. The model presented significant qui-square.This study showed that in all the samples studied, the psychological variables were those that contributed at a superior level to HRQoL.

scholarly journals Alcohol use and generational masculinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Emiliussen ◽  
Alastair David Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
British Novel ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

Introduction: Alcohol ranks as a major risk factor for health-related harm and mortality. Older males who encounter alcohol problems late in life are an under-studied part of the affected population. This article seeks to broaden our understanding of this group by combining empirical data with humanistic cultural analysis. Specifically, it seeks to show how the desire to cope alone can be linked to generationally specific constructions of hegemonic masculinity. Method: Clinical empirical methods are fused here with those of literary analysis. The subjects which the clinical researcher chooses for scrutiny are different from those most natural to literary study, yet the interpretive approaches of qualitative phenomenological investigation and literary close reading are in fact quite similar, and we argue that new knowledge can be generated by evaluating cultural texts alongside the testimony of phenomenological research subjects. Findings and discussion: Our findings illustrate a thematic connection between subject testimony and literary texts from the relevant historical period. In the sources we compared – a qualitative study conducted in Denmark and a British novel, Kingsley Amis’s 1954 Lucky Jim – we found a strong link between the values of masculinity and the values of independence. Older men’s resistance of institutional treatment for alcohol problems has motivations which go beyond the desire not to rely on outside aid, a desire which may apply to any illness. As Lucky Jim helps us show, alcohol use functions for men of a certain generation as a symbol of rebellion against institutions, and having institutions play a dominant role in their alcohol cessation may create resistance in these men.

Job Characteristics and the Identification of Deviant Drinking

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Roman
Keyword(s):  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Organizational Environment ◽  
Work Characteristics ◽  
Drinking Problems

Factors in the organizational environment have been posited to be related to the development of employee alcohol problems and the identification of such problems. Previous research has yielded ambiguous findings on these relationships, but has indicated that some role is played. Data from a study of the experience of 2,083 Federal supervisors and managers with employees who had alcohol problems indicate that task interdependence and opportunities for mobility on the job are associated with greater probability of the identification of alcohol problems. The pattern of relationships indicates that peer influences may overshadow those of supervisors in the identification of employee drinking problems. Work characteristics were not related to the success of treating such problems and returning employees to the job.

scholarly journals Personal Factors in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Prospective Evidence

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine L. Grotkamp ◽  
Wolfgang M. Cibis ◽  
Elisabeth A.M. Nüchtern ◽  
Gert von Mittelstaedt ◽  
Wolfgang K.F. Seger
Keyword(s):  
German Society ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Advisory Boards ◽  
Modifiable Factors

The goal of this study was to propose a systematic classification of relevant personal factors for describing the background of an individual's life and way of living. The German Society of Social Medicine and Prevention constituted an ICF working group consisting of members from Medical Advisory Boards of Statutory Health Insurances (n = 6) and other institutions (n = 12) in 2009. A two-tier consensus building approach was utilised to construct and document the personal factors, with an initial team of experts compiling the personal factors and a second group of experts, who had not participated in developing the initial proposal, validating the process. The consensus process resulted in personal factors classified into 72 categories and arranged in six chapters as follows: general factors normally unchangeable (chapter 1); a person's inherent physical and mental constitution (chapters 2 and 3); more modifiable factors, such as attitudes, basic skills and behaviour patterns (chapter 4); life situation and socioeconomic/sociocultural factors (chapter 5); and other health factors e.g., prior interventions (chapter 6). We believe the personal factors from this effort to be a good basis for a wider global dialogue on their operationalisation.

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