scholarly journals Economic analysis of land management practices among crop farmers in Osun State, Nigeria

Agrosearch ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
A.A. Ezekiel ◽  
E.O. Ayinde ◽  
G.O. Akinsola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Secondary Sources

Increase in soil degradation has negatively impacted on food production. This therefore necessitates sound land management practices. This study analyzed the economics of the land management practices among crop farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected with the aid of structured interview schedule from 80 respondents in four Local Government Areas of the state using a three-stage sampling techniques. Budgetary and multiple regression analyses were the analytical tools employed. About 63% of the farmers were male and 78.4% of them were above 38 years. Seventy-two percent of the farmers had secondary sources of income. The average gross margin of the farms was N48,456.56k. The total value product increases by a value of N4.90K for every N1 increase in the total variable cost. The study concludes that land management practices such as fertilizer application, length of fallow on land and length of tillage on land have a positive effect on crop output in the study area. Therefore, extension services should be intensified to disseminate modern ideas and technology in crop farming for greater productivity. Activities that promote soil tillage for crop production should be encouraged as this would increase crop output. Keywords: Economic analysis, Land management, Fallowing, Crop output

Carbon footprint of crop production in China: an analysis of National Statistics data

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. CHENG ◽  
M. YAN ◽  
D. NAYAK ◽  
G. X. PAN ◽  
P. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Application Rates

SUMMARYAssessing carbon footprint (CF) of crop production in a whole crop life-cycle could provide insights into the contribution of crop production to climate change and help to identify possible greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options. In the current study, data for the major crops of China were collected from the national statistical archive on cultivation area, yield, application rates of fertilizer, pesticide, diesel, plastic film, irrigated water, etc. The CF of direct and indirect carbon emissions associated with or caused by these agricultural inputs was quantified with published emission factors. In general, paddy rice, wheat, maize and soybean of China had mean CFs of 2472, 794, 781 and 222 kg carbon equivalent (CE)/ha, and 0·37, 0·14, 0·12 and 0·10 kg CE/kg product, respectively. For dry crops (i.e. those grown without flooding the fields: wheat, maize and soybean), 0·78 of the total CFs was contributed by nitrogen (N) fertilizer use, including both direct soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and indirect emissions from N fertilizer manufacture. Meanwhile, direct methane (CH4) emissions contributed 0·69 on average to the total CFs of flooded paddy rice. Moreover, the difference in N fertilizer application rates explained 0·86–0·93 of the provincial variations of dry crop CFs while that in CH4 emissions could explain 0·85 of the provincial variation of paddy rice CFs. When a 30% reduction in N fertilization was considered, a potential reduction in GHGs of 60 megatonne (Mt) carbon dioxide equivalent from production of these crops was projected. The current work highlights opportunities to gain GHG emission reduction in production of crops associated with good management practices in China.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD SECURITY ON SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES OF FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehu Abdulganiyu SALAU
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Food Insecure Households ◽  
Farming Households

Suboptimal land management practices (SLM) are degrading soils and undermining food security. Despite this, there is scant information regarding households’ decision towards the effect of food security on SLM technologies. This paper, therefore, measured food security status and assessed the effect of food security on SLM technologies. Structured interview schedule was used to gather data for this study. A three-stage sampling procedure was employed for this study. Two out of the four ADP zones were randomly selected in the first stage. This was followed by a proportionate selection of 30 villages from the two selected zones. Lastly, ten farming households each, were picked randomly from the chosen villages to make up a sample size of 300 farming households. The result revealed that the calculated MPCFE was ₦4218.587 and the proportion of food secure and food insecure households are 37.7% and 62.3% respectively. The findings affirmed that much opportunities exist for increasing productivity and income through increased adoption of SLM technologies among the food insecure households when compared with their food secure counterparts. The R2 value of 29.8% suggests that the explanatory variables explained about 30% of the variation in the explained variable. Furthermore, the factors influencing SLM technologies of households are food security status, family size, monthly income and plot size. This study provides useful insight into policies and actions taken by farmers and government to mitigate the effects of suboptimal use of SLM technologies for improved production and food security. Policies favoring increased plot size should be vigorously pursued.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fertilizer Management Strategies Aiming to Increase Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat Grown Under Conservation Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Santillano-Cázares ◽  
Fidel Núñez-Ramírez ◽  
Cristina Ruíz-Alvarado ◽  
María Cárdenas-Castañeda ◽  
Iván Ortiz-Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management

Sustainable crop production systems can be attained by using inputs efficiently and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) parameters are indirect measurements of sustainability of production systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of selected nitrogen (N) management treatments on wheat yields, grain and straw N concentration, and NUE parameters, under conservation agriculture (CA). The present study was conducted at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), in northwest, Mexico. Seventeen treatments were tested which included urea sources, timing, and methods of fertilizer application. Orthogonal contrasts were used to compare groups of treatments and correlation and regression analyses were used to look at the relationships between wheat yields and NUE parameters. Contrasts run to compare wheat yields or agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) performed similarly. Sources of urea or timing of fertilizer application had a significant effect on yields or AEN (p > 0.050). However, methods of application resulted in a highly significant (p < 0.0001) difference on wheat yields and agronomic efficiency of N. NUE parameters recorded in this study were average but the productivity associated to NUE levels was high. Results in this study indicate that wheat grew under non-critically limiting N supply levels, suggesting that N mineralization and reduced N losses from the soil under CA contributed to this favorable nutritional condition, thus minimizing the importance of N management practices under stable, mature CA systems.

scholarly journals The Water Footprint Assessment of Agriculture in Banjar River Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-488
Author(s):  
J Himanshu Rao ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Hardaha ◽  
Hardikkumar Mansukhbhai Vora
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Total Water ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
On Farm

The water footprint (WF) is a spatially explicit character of water use in terms of consumption or pollution for producing a product, commodity or service. The WF of a crop may be defined as the amount of water required for producing the crop over the complete growing season. The present study was carried out to assess the WF of agriculture in Banjar river watershed (BRW) over the period 2000 - 2013. The WF of crops were evaluated and their further multiplication with production (ton/yr) in the watershed yielded the water footprint of crop production (WFCP) in Banjar river watershed whose further summation gave WF of agriculture in BRW. The findings depicted that the water footprint of rice was maximum (7848 m3/ton) followed by gram (5782 m3/ton) and wheat (5417 m3/ton). The crop with least WF was maize (2886 m3/ton). These values of WF are much higher than the national average WF for different crops grown in India. Lower crop yields due to improper irrigation practices, low fertilizer application rates and improper on farm water management practices are the primary reasons of such high values of WF of crops in BRW. The water footprint of agriculture in BRW was 690.37 million m3/yr with 59.74 % WFgreen, 39.69 % WFblue and 0.56 % WF grey. Rice was having maximum share in water footprint of agriculture in BRW with 87.38 % of total water footprint followed by gram (4.97 %), wheat (4.33 %) and maize (1.31%).

scholarly journals Profitability Analysis of Pigean Pea (Cajanus cajan) Production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Emefiene ◽  
V.I. Joshua ◽  
C. Nwadike ◽  
A.Y. Yaroson ◽  
N.D.E. Zwalnan
Keyword(s):  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Margin Analysis

The study focused on the profitability of pigeon pea production in Riyom LGA of Plateau State. Data for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Questionnaires were administered to 80 targeted farmers to get information on their socio-economic characteristics, years of experience in pigeon pea production and the reason for growing pigeon pea. The analytical tool used includes descriptive statistics to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and farm budgeting technique (gross margin analysis) for assessing the profitability of pigeon pea production. The study also identified the constraints encountered by farmers such as high cost of labour, inadequate processing / storage facilities, problems of access to credit/loans and weed/pest infestation. The results shows that pigeon pea production is profitable with a total variable cost (TVC) at N22620.68 per ha, while gross revenue (GR) was N50185.25 per ha, the profit margin (GM) at N32564.59 and the net return per Naira invested was N0.69. It was recommended that farm inputs and improved seed varieties should be made available to farmers at affordable rates so as to enable them operate at a commercial and profitable level of pigeon pea production. These farmers should be encouraged to form a cooperative society so as to alleviate the problem of credit/ loan acquisition and procurement of genuine products as well as avoid exploitation

scholarly journals Droughts and floods in Malawi: impacts on crop production and the performance of sustainable land management practices under weather extremes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy McCarthy ◽  
Talip Kilic ◽  
Josh Brubaker ◽  
Siobhan Murray ◽  
Alejandro de la Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Sustainable Land Management ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency of extreme weather events, increasing the vulnerability of smallholder farmers dependent on rain-fed agriculture. We evaluate the extent to which farmers in Malawi suffer crop production losses due to extreme weather, and whether sustainable land management (SLM) practices help shield crop production losses from extreme events. We use a three period panel dataset where widespread floods and droughts occurred in separate periods, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate impacts using data collected immediately following these events. Results show that crop production outcomes were severely hit by both floods and droughts, with average losses ranging between 32–48 per cent. Legume intercropping provided protection against both floods and droughts, while green belts provided protection against floods. However, we find limited evidence that SLM adoption decisions are driven by exposure to weather shocks; rather, farmers with more productive assets are more likely to adopt.

scholarly journals Effect of soil tillage practices on severity of selected diseases in winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Váňová ◽  
P. Matušinsky ◽  
M. Javůrek ◽  
M. Vach
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Tillage Practices

Soil tillage practices involving various depth, intensity, and different methods of loosening the soil and treating plant residues have changed significantly in recent years and have spread also due to technical advance. The reasons are not only in expected benefits for crop production economics but also in preserving and increasing soil fertility. Although the practices were known for decades, their greatest development and use was seen only in the last 15 years, when decreasing production costs, efficient technology and effective herbicides were the main reasons for their development. At present, they are regarded as important alternatives to conventional management practices with moldboard plowing. Minimum soil tillage practices can contribute to effective soil management, however, risks associated with using these practices in various farming conditions shall be regarded. For cereals, these risks also include disease severity that is conditioned by several circumstances, which change along with the crop management practice, variety assortment or weather in individual years. Diseases that can be of greater importance in relation to the conservation soil tillage practice are stem-base diseases, root diseases and Fusarium head blight. Our experiments did not demonstrate an increased demand for protection against Fusarium head blight, foot diseases and take-all in the given system (three-crop rotation where wheat followed white mustard). Individual years were an important factor. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Land Management Strategies and their Implications for Mazahua Farmers’ Livelihoods in the Highlands of Central Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belina García-Fajardo ◽  
María Estela Orozco-Hernández ◽  
John McDonagh ◽  
Gustavo Álvarez-Arteaga ◽  
Patricia Mireles-Lezama
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Farmer Typology

Abstract This paper presents a case study from a Mazahua indigenous community in the rural Highlands of Central Mexico. It analyses Mazahua farming livelihoods characterised by subsistence agriculture, marginality, poverty and severe land degradation. Mazahua farmers face constrained environmental, socioeconomic and cultural conditions, which influence their local decisions on natural resource management. The results describe the capital assets base used, where land, livestock and crop production are imperative assets to support farmers’ livelihood strategies. It analyses local management practices to achieve livelihood outcomes in the short/long term, and to improve or undermine land characteristics and other related assets. It also presents a farmer typology constructed by local perceptions, a controversial element to drive sustainable development strategies at the local level. Finally, it discusses how local land management practices are adopted and their importance in developing alternatives to encourage positive trade-offs between conservation and production in order to improve rural livelihoods.

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