This paper presents an overview of the main findings from a quantitative
content analysis covering different types of democratisation conflicts (i.e.,
conflicts over citizenship, elections, transitional justice and distribution
of power) in Egypt, Kenya, Serbia and South Africa. The key findings from the
content analysis are organised around several themes: causes of
democratisation conflicts, portrayal of conflict parties, preferred solutions
to conflicts, perceptions of democracy, role of the media, authoritarian
past, and tone of reporting and polarisation. The main finding is that
cross-national variations depend on several factors: specific country
contexts (and contexts of broader regions from which they come from,
including the Arab Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa and post-communist
Europe); regime type and the stage of democratisation; and type of
democratisation conflict (which reflects the main arenas of political
contestation). Across all countries, the quality of media coverage is limited
by bias, emotionalisation and - most importantly - polarisation. In
particular, conflicts over the distribution of power trigger sharp
polarisation, whereas elections - contrary to existing literature - seem to
force media towards a more restrained style of reporting. The sample involves
5162 newspaper articles and news stories from the four countries.