scholarly journals Numerical classification and digital mapping of coastal plain sands of Southeastern Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
J.C. Obi ◽  
I.B. Udoh ◽  
F.R. Adefila ◽  
U.E. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Regression Kriging ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Digital Technique ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Terrain Attributes

The study classified the coastal plain sands of south-eastern Nigeria at the series level and modeled the classification using digital terrain attributes. The study utilized 72 secondary and 12 primary profile pits data generated from 24 and 4 locations (at 3 per location) for classification/modelling and validation respectively. The three profile pits per location represents the three topographic positions of upper, middle and lower slopes. Digital elevation model was also utilized for the generation of terrain attributes. Soil morphological characteristics were coded for suitability in statistical analysis. Hierarchical clustering was utilized in the grouping of the soil into 17 homogeneous groups referred to as soil series. Regression kriging was used to model the predicted soil series within the area covered by coastal plain sands in Akwa Ibom State. The variables that could be used in the modelling of the different classified soil series include Sand Content, aspect, flow accumulation, compound topographic index (CTI), elevation, hill shade, slope, curvature, flow direction, stream power index (SPI), profile curvature, tangential curvature (R2 = 0.21).Out of the 17 soil series classified, 14 was successfully mapped using digital technique. It was observed that 66.7% of the classified soil series were accurately predicted using digital mapping technique. The classifications carried out numerically made use of morphological discrete variables whereas digital used empirically determined continuous variables which could be more accurate. Therefore it could be inferred that the digitally produced soil  classification is more accurate and 14 soil series could be identified and mapped in the study area. Key words: pedogenesis, digital soil mapping, soil series, hierarchical clusters, regression kriging

scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Mining at Ishiagu Area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odika, P.O. ◽  
Anike, O.L. ◽  
Onwuemesi, A.G. ◽  
Odika, N.F. ◽  
Ejeckam, R.B.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Concentration Levels

Mining activities have long been recognized as a major source of environmental contamination associated with heavy metals and metalloids. This study evaluated the relationship between the occurrence and mining of lead-zinc sulphide ores at Ishiagu, Nigeria, and heavy metal and metalloid contamination. A comparative study of two zones in the area, with and without mining activities was also made Water, soil, stream sediment and ore samples were analyzed, after acid digestion, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).  The concentration levels of seven heavy metals and a metalloid namely Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd and as were evaluated. While the highest concentration levels of As, Co and Pb (5.20 mg/l, 0.54 mg/l and 3.40 mg/l respectively) were found in water, those of Ni and Mn (2.26 mg/l and 5.48 mg/l respectively) occurred in soil.  For Cu and Zn, highest levels of concentration (2.80 mg/l and 0.41 mg/l respectively) occurred in stream sediments. The variations in the concentration levels of these elements in varying geologic media (soil, water and sediment) indicate influence of rock types, human activities and media physiochemical characteristics. Geostatistical analyses using QQPlot, semivariogram and kriging showed normal distribution of these elements. Distribution and dispersion patterns of the heavy metals indicated increase in concentration levels in the local stream flow direction. Pb, Cu, As, Cd, Mn, and Ni concentrations had reached pollutant levels in water based on WHO standards, while Zn level is below. Since the local people use untreated surface water and groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes, soil for farming and lead for cosmetics, long term exposure poses significant health risk for humans, animals and plants.

scholarly journals Geomorphometric and Terrain Analysis of the Nigerian Section of the Chad Basin (Bornu Basin) Northeastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yakubu Mohammed ◽  
Ibrahim B. Wulo ◽  
John Abdullahi ◽  
Aishe K. Gazali ◽  
Zanna A. Lawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Land Form ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

The aim of this paper is to characterize the geomorphology and analyze the terrain of the Bornu basin. This is critical to the understanding of the general landscape configuration, its evolution and morphodynamics in the basin. Mapping was carried using the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of the area. These set of data compliments the data generated from an extensive and detailed mapping of the area adopting the holistic approach geomorphologic field mapping technique. The basins slope generated from DEM of the area indicated five terrain categories. The western end of the basin has the highest slope of 755 to 1582m denoting the margins of the Biu and Jos plateau which slopes down to the lowest slope category of 256m at the shores of Lake Chad. These slope categories exhibits a variety of land forms ranging from rills, gullies, ponds, rivers, deltas, alluvial plains, ridges, hills and sand dunes of variable sizes, shapes and morphological characteristics. The Bama ridge which rises to height of 363m covering a distance of about 340 Km is a major land form in the basin. These land forms and others identified have been formed and are being fashioned by interplay of fluvial and Aeolian processes whose linkages are found to vary both in spatial and temporal dimensions.

Development of pedotransfer functions for coastal plain soils using terrain attributes

CATENA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Obi ◽  
P.I. Ogban ◽  
U.J. Ituen ◽  
B.T. Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Terrain Attributes

scholarly journals Modeling of Permanent Wilting from Particle Size Fractions of Coastal Plain Sands Soils in Southeastern Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinedu Innocent Obi ◽  
Jude C. Obi ◽  
Emmanuel U. Onweremadu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Wilting Point

Permanent wilting points in soils have been found to correlate significantly with particle size fractions. This study was conducted to establish functional relationship between soil particle size fractions and permanent wilting point of soils of coastal plain sands in southeastern Nigeria. A total of 102 surface samples were collected from three different dominantly Ultisols toposequences (i.e., 34 samples from each). Permanent wilting point experiment was carried out in pots with the 102 samples in the greenhouse while the particle size analysis was carried out in the laboratory. There was significant correlation among the textural separates, permanent wilting point correlated significantly with clay (, ). The general linear model showed significant differences between permanent wilting point of soils found in the upper and lower slope positions. Regression equation established that 54% of the total variation in permanent wilting point could be accounted for by the clay and coarse sand content of the soils. Prediction of permanent wilting point of Ultisols formed on coastal plain sands soils of humid tropical southeastern Nigeria will effectively depend on reliability of determination of clay and coarse sand contents of the soils.

scholarly journals Floral Morphology and Development in Georgia Plume, Elliottia racemosa (Ericaceae), a Rare Coastal Plain Endemic

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Carrie A. Radcliffe ◽  
James M. Affolter ◽  
Hazel Y. Wetzstein
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
In The Wild

Georgia plume (Elliottia racemosa) is a threatened woody plant endemic to the Coastal Plain region of Georgia in the southeastern United States. Seed set is low in most populations, and sexual recruitment has not been observed in recent times. The objective of this study was to describe the floral biology of georgia plume. which is fundamental information needed to develop an understanding of the causes for lack of sexual reproduction in natural populations. Floral development was characterized and morphological characteristics at key developmental stages ranging from small, unopened buds to open flowers with receptive stigmas were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Flowering is protandrous, and anthers dehisce releasing pollen within closed buds before stigmas are receptive. Pollen tetrads, aggregated by viscin strands, are presented on unreceptive stigmas when petals reflex. Receptive stigmas developed a raised and lobed central region with a clefted opening leading to a stylar canal containing exudate produced in secretory regions. Receptivity of the non-papillate stigma is indicated by the formation of an exudate droplet, which is formed within 1 day after flower opening. Pollen viability was low to moderate; tetrad germination ranged from 20% to 40% using in vitro germination assays indicating poor pollen quality and may contribute to lack of seed development in some populations. No developmental abnormalities in stigmas or styles were observed indicating other factors are responsible for lack of sexual recruitment in the wild.

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