scholarly journals Assessment of Environmental Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Mining at Ishiagu Area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odika, P.O. ◽  
Anike, O.L. ◽  
Onwuemesi, A.G. ◽  
Odika, N.F. ◽  
Ejeckam, R.B.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Concentration Levels

Mining activities have long been recognized as a major source of environmental contamination associated with heavy metals and metalloids. This study evaluated the relationship between the occurrence and mining of lead-zinc sulphide ores at Ishiagu, Nigeria, and heavy metal and metalloid contamination. A comparative study of two zones in the area, with and without mining activities was also made Water, soil, stream sediment and ore samples were analyzed, after acid digestion, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).  The concentration levels of seven heavy metals and a metalloid namely Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd and as were evaluated. While the highest concentration levels of As, Co and Pb (5.20 mg/l, 0.54 mg/l and 3.40 mg/l respectively) were found in water, those of Ni and Mn (2.26 mg/l and 5.48 mg/l respectively) occurred in soil.  For Cu and Zn, highest levels of concentration (2.80 mg/l and 0.41 mg/l respectively) occurred in stream sediments. The variations in the concentration levels of these elements in varying geologic media (soil, water and sediment) indicate influence of rock types, human activities and media physiochemical characteristics. Geostatistical analyses using QQPlot, semivariogram and kriging showed normal distribution of these elements. Distribution and dispersion patterns of the heavy metals indicated increase in concentration levels in the local stream flow direction. Pb, Cu, As, Cd, Mn, and Ni concentrations had reached pollutant levels in water based on WHO standards, while Zn level is below. Since the local people use untreated surface water and groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes, soil for farming and lead for cosmetics, long term exposure poses significant health risk for humans, animals and plants.

Impact of mining on geochemical signatures of riverine sediments in adjacent ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Friedland ◽  
Björn Grüneberg ◽  
Michael Hupfer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
River System ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Gravity Corer ◽  
Mining Region ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Mining Impact ◽  
Riverine Sediments ◽  
Spree River

<p>As a result of the open-cast lignite mining in Lusatia (Eastern Germany), large quantities of iron (Fe) and sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) are fed into small streams discharging into the Spree river system. The study examined whether the inputs of Fe and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> lead to longitu­dinal and depth-dependent gradients in the riverine sediments downstream the mining region in terms of element composition and mineral formations.</p><p>We sampled the surface (upper 0-3, 3-6 cm) sediment using a gravity corer at 18 sites from the heavily mining impacted Spreewald region downstream 200 km to the Bänke at Lake Müggelsee. We also included sampling sites at a pit water purification system in Vetschau, one neutral mining lake and a reference site without mining impact. Sedi­ments were analysed for total C, N using an element analyser, for various elements (incl. Fe, S, Mn, Al, P, heavy metals) by ICP-OES after digestion with hot aqua regia. A sequential Fe-extraction from fresh sediments and XRD was performed to differenti­ate solid iron forms and other minerals, respectively.  Characteristic sediment signatures are investigated with the help of a Principal Component Analysis (18 sites, 19 parameters).</p><p>We discovered a decreasing sedimentary Fe-content in flow direction from 300 mg g-1 in Vetschau, 130 mg g-1 close to the mining region in Lübbenau down to 30 mg g-1 at Bänke near Lake Müggelsee. In contrast, the S-content increased with decreasing mining impact from 3 mg g-1 in Vetschau up to 35 mg g-1. Minimum Fe- and S-contents are similar to Bautzen reservoir as a non-mining impacted reference location with Fe 28 mg g-1 and S 4 mg g-1. The statistical analysis with the PCA revealed the longitudinal influence of mining products within Spree river. Two major groups emerge from the score plot. First, there are those samples, which are clearly influenced by mining activities. Second, there are samples, which include the reference point and samples more distant from mining, where we expect no or only minor mining impact. This separation becomes even more apparent after taking heavy metals into account. Furthermore, the Fe binding shifts from more easily reducible Fe/amorphous minerals to less easily reducible Fe/more crystalline minerals in flow direction, which probably has consequences for the microbial degradability of organic matter and the strength of the ability of Fe to bind phosphorus.  </p><p>We were able to prove that the sedimentary ele­ment composition and especially the Fe mineral characteristics are influenced by mining activities at least 100 km downstream the Spree river system, probably affecting the phosphorus availability and carbon turnover.</p>

Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil and Water Around a Lead-zinc Mine in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunchuan Jiang ◽  
Hanhan Li ◽  
Zhijian Li ◽  
Yongfu Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Mine

Abstract Mining activities could induce severe heavy metal pollution in soil and surface water, which would consequently pose potential ecological environment risks and human health risks. In this research, total 82 agricultural soil samples and 34 water samples were collected from a special area that surrounding a lead-zinc mine. Pollution level, source apportionment, ecological and health risks of heavy metals were evaluated based on the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). According to the results, Cd and Zn were obviously enriched metals in agricultural soil in the study area, meanwhile, the potential risks which calculated by geo-accumulation index were showed a high ecological risk due to high concentration of Cd found in local agricultural soil. Additionally, heavy metal sources analyzed by the PMF model could be classified into four categories: mining activity (Mn), parent material (Cr, Ni), atmospheric deposition caused by industrial and mining activities (Pb, Zn, Cd) and agricultural activities (Cu). Compared with the values specified by corresponding water quality standard, the heavy metals content in surface water were below these values except Cd, while the content of seven heavy metals in drinking water was within the safe limits. The bioavailability of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil were higher than other metals, and when the bioavailability of metals was consideration into health risk assessment, the total HI and TCR values were far below the accepted risk levels. Though human health risks were within the safe margin, the toxic hazards of heavy metals to residents and ecological should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis and spatial distribution of suspended particulate metals of Abakaliki and Enugu in Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bright Chigozie Ichu ◽  
Alexander Iheanyichukwu Opara ◽  
Emmanuel Nnamdi Ejike ◽  
Amarachi Udoka Nkwoada ◽  
Francis Chizoruo Ibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Concentration Levels

Abstract Background The atmosphere is usually contaminated by heavy metals from different natural and anthropogenic sources. The levels of heavy metals in the atmosphere often become harmful and cause environmental pollution with serious health consequences to humans when their concentrations exceed certain threshold limits. The determination of the atmospherically suspended particulate matter in general and toxic trace metallic concentrations in particular, is, therefore, necessary for the evaluation of the sources and fate of atmospherically deposited suspended particulate matter. The assessment of the concentration levels of suspended particulate trace metals like Zn and Pb in the cities of Enugu and Abakaliki southeastern Nigeria was performed to assess the concentrations of atmospherically suspended metals in the area, their sources, and their pollution status. Results Results of the study showed that Zn concentration levels were not significant at all the sampling points, while the concentrations of Pb particulate matter which ranged from 0.11 to 0.91 µg/m3 exceeded the international revised EPA Pb standard of 0.15 µg/m3 but within the approved Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) Nigeria, 24 h long duration of 1 µg/m3, and National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 1 h duration (1 µg/m3). The enrichment factor (EF) showed that Pb had a dominant crustal source, while Zn was determined to be of minor to moderate crust enrichment. The multivariate analysis carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) based on varimax rotation and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) plotted in biplot and dendrogram diagrams revealed the levels of dependency and grouping, whereas Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (PC) revealed a strong link between the two metallic pollutants Conclusion This study therefore which applied statistical and pollution assessment of atmospherically suspended particulate matter has revealed the importance of monitoring atmospherically suspended materials resulting from anthropogenic sources like mining, quarrying, construction, etc. Similarly, the use of statistical techniques like PCA, HCA, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient to the study of ambient air quality has proved to be a useful tool in the assessment of atmospheric pollution. The findings of the present study therefore will be invaluable in the monitoring of particulate matter pollution of the atmosphere and their control measures, especially in mining districts.

Present Situation on Beneficiation of Lead-Zinc Oxide Ore

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Wan Ping Wang ◽  
Bao Xu Song ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Zinc Oxides ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Main Development ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Future Work

With the exhausting of lead–zinc sulphide ores, the recovery of lead-zinc oxide ores becomes more and more significant. Extensive work has been carried out at home and abroad on the treatment of lead and zinc oxide ores in reagent scheme, flotation flowsheets, and joint process. Sliming is one of the main reasons why the lead-zinc oxides are difficult to recover. Eliminating the influence of slime and strengthening the study of joint process are the main development trends in future work.

Effect of Wastewater on the Soil and Irrigation Process: A Laboratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Hussain ◽  
Manjeeta Priyadarshi ◽  
Saif Said ◽  
Suraj Negi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Concentration Levels

Most of the industrial sewage effluents used for irrigation contains heavy metals which cause toxicity to crop plants as the soils are able to accumulate heavy metal for many years. The vegetables grown for the present study were irrigated with treated wastewater brought from a nearby full-scale sewage treatment plant at different compositions along with tap water as a control. The concentration levels of the Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Zn in the soil were found to below the toxic limits as prescribed in literature. Daily Intake Metals (DIM) values suggest that the consumption of plants grown in treated wastewater and tap water is nearly free of risks, as the dietary intake limits of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. The Enrichment Factor for the treated wastewater irrigated soil was found in order Zn> Ni> Pb> Cr> Cu> Co> Mn> Cd. Thus, treated wastewater can be effectively used for irrigation. This will have twofold significant environmental advantages: (1) helpful to reduce the groundwater usage for irrigation and (2) helpful to reduce the stress on surface water resources.

Pollution retention capabilities of roadside soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dierkes ◽  
W. F. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Lead Zinc

Runoff from highways contains significant loads of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. According to German regulations, it should be infiltrated over embankments to support groundwater-recharge. To investigate the decontaminating effect of greened embankments, soil-monoliths from highways with high traffic densities were taken. Soils were analyzed to characterize the contamination in relation to distance and depth for lead, zinc, copper, cadmium, PAH and MOTH. Lysimeters were charged in the field and laboratory with highway runoff to study the effluents under defined conditions. Concentrations of pollutants in roadside soils depend on the age of embankments and traffic density. Highest concentrations were found in the upper 5 cm of the soil and within a distance of up to two metres from the street. Concentrations of most pollutants decreased rapidly with depth and distance. Lead and cadmium could not be detected in lysimeter effluent. Zinc and copper were found in concentrations that did not exceed drinking water quality limits.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Water Chemistry in Aries River Catchment Western Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Ana Moldovan ◽  
Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽  
Anamaria Iulia Török ◽  
Marius Roman ◽  
Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the quality and vulnerability of surface water (Aries River catchment) in order to identify the impact of past mining activities. For this purpose, the pollution and water quality indices, Piper and Durov plots, as well vulnerability modeling maps were used. The obtained results indicate that the water samples were contaminated with As, Fe, Mn, Pb and have relatively high concentrations of SO42−, HCO3−, TDS, Ca, K, Mg and high values for the electrical conductivity. Possible sources of the high content of chemicals could be the natural processes or the inputs of the mine drainage. Generally, according to the pollution indices, which were correlated to high concentrations of heavy metals, especially with Pb, Fe and Mn, the water samples were characterized by heavy metals pollution. The water quality index classified the studied water samples into five different classes of quality, namely: unsuitable for drinking, poor, medium, good and excellent quality. Similarly, medium, high and very high vulnerability classes were observed. The Durov and Piper plots classified the waters into Mg-HCO3− and Ca-Cl− types. The past and present mining activities clearly change the water chemistry and alter the quality of the Aries River, with the water requiring specific treatments before use.

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Reclaimed Section of Nekede Mechanic Village, Owerri, Southeastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidi Edbert Duru ◽  
Christian Ebere Enyoh ◽  
Margaret Chinyelu Enedoh ◽  
Ijeoma Akunna Duru ◽  
Francis Chizoruo Ibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils
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