Evaluation of 1.5mm Lead Shield for Radiological Protection and Comparison of Calculated and Measured Results of Equivalent Dose

In the present study, the indoor gamma dose rate has been studied seasonally and the outdoor gamma dose rate was also measured in and around the 24 dwellings of 10 villages of Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, at about one meter above the ground surfaces by using Dosimeter-Radiometer MKS-03 (SARAD). The study was carried out to assess the annual equivalent dose rate for the inhabitants of the dwellings. The survey was designed in such a way so as to obtain a uniform and representative distribution of measurements locations. The indoor to outdoor dose ratio was calculated as 1.8, which indicated that the indoor gamma dose rate as compared to outdoor gamma dose rate has elevated levels of radon exposure due to confined space and poor ventilation. The average indoor gamma dose rate for three seasons such as winter, summer, and rainy were 0.18 ? 0.02, 0.12 ? 0.03, and 0.15 ? 0.03 ?Svh-1, respectively. It was observed that the indoor gamma dose rate during the winter season is higher than those for rainy and summer seasons. The indoor and outdoor annual equivalent dose rate was also measured from the health hazard point of view and it varied from 771 ? 210 to 1402 ? 280 ?Svy-1 and 105 ? 53 to 315 ? 105 ?Svy-1. These results revealed that the outdoor equivalent dose rate levels in all of the locations were below the 1000 ?Svy-1 maximum permissible limit for the public set by International Commission on Radiological Protection, except the few locations of indoor equivalent dose rate.

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Radiological Protection of the Environment : the Regulator’s Why and How?

Revue Générale Nucléaire ◽

10.1051/rgn/20081018 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

George Brownless

Keyword(s):

Radiological Protection

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Determination of natural radionuclides in waste generated in the potable water treatment plants of the Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco- Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences ◽

10.15392/bjrs.v7i2a.763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2A) ◽

Author(s):

Adriana Muniz De Almeida Albuquerque

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Potable Water ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

The United States ◽

Radioactive Material ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Water Treatment Plants ◽

Potable Water Treatment

The water purification procedure aims to obtain a product appropriate for human consumption, minimizing the presence of contaminants and toxic substances present in the water. Among these contaminants, some radionuclides of natural origin, such as uranium, thorium and their descendants, have been identified. Studies have shown that the stages of purification are quite effective in removing the radionuclides contained in water. The removal is due to co-precipitation of the radionuclides with the suspended materials and the precipitated material is accumulated and characterized as a Technologically Concentrated Natural Occurrence Radioactive Material (TENORM) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This residue can present significant levels of radioactivity and, when discarded in the environment without any treatment, can generate a problem of environmental impact and a risk to the health of the population. In this way, some gamma emitters of the series of U, Th and the K-40 were determined in the residues generated at the Potable Water Treatment Plants – PWTPs in six municipalities of Pernambuco. The results obtain corroborate the classification of the residues generated in the PWTPs as concentrators of the radioactive components contained in the water supplied to the system and reinforce the need for the release to the environment, which is the usual way of disposal of this waste, to be carried out only after considering the radiological protection standards established.

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Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

Calabar Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.25259/cjhs_9_2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Samson O. Paulinus ◽

Benjamin E. Udoh ◽

Bassey E. Archibong ◽

Akpama E. Egong ◽

Akwa E. Erim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Work Experience ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

X Ray ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

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