scholarly journals Environmental Geochemical Assessment of Ogbagha River Sediments in Okpella Area of Edo State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
S.O. Obanje ◽  
S.A. Adelowo
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Geochemical Assessment

The main aim of this paper is the environmental geochemical assessment of Ogbagha river sediments to ascertain the level of their pollution. The study area lies between latitude 7°14’N and 7°22’N and longitude 6°15’E and 6°23’E in Okpella area of Edo State, Nigeria. Major and trace elements in the six composite samples collected were analysed using Epsilon-5 x-ray fluorescence model (pAnalytical). SiO2 values range from71.4-81.61 wt. % with mean of 75.71 wt %, while Al2O3 values range from 7.01-12.97 wt. % with mean values of 11.56 wt. %.The other major oxides are below 7.00 wt. %. SiO2 and Al2O3 wt. % values are indicative of felsic source rock. The mean concentration values of Zr (1,830.55 ppm), Ba (1,416.00 ppm) and Cu (77.17 ppm) are higher than their crustal baseline values. Conversely, Sr (295.00 ppm), In (106.00 ppm), As (14.83 ppm), Cr (8.53 ppm), Co (7.00 ppm), Pb (13.33 ppm) have lower average concentrations than their crustal baseline average concentrations. Chemical index of alteration values for the samples also pointed to felsic source rock(s). The index of geoaccumulation values of Sb, In, Zr is indicative of serious environmental geochemical concern in the study area. However, potentially toxic elements such as Cu, Cr, Co, Pb, etc. are below the pollution baseline. It is recommended that standard environmental remediation measures should be taken to mitigate the pollution impact of In, Sb and Zr in the study area. Keywords: Ogbagha-Okpella, environmental geochemistry, enrichment ratios, geoaccumulation index

scholarly journals Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1064-1083
Author(s):  
Amon Kimeli ◽  
Oliver Ocholla ◽  
Judith Okello ◽  
Nico Koedam ◽  
Hildegard Westphal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Sediments ◽  
East African ◽  
African Region ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
East African Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Cenozoic Sediments ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

Abstract The Umba River basin is one of the smaller-scale hydrological basins in the East African region. It traverses two countries, with its catchment in the Usambara mountains in Tanzania, while it drains its waters to the Indian Ocean in Vanga, Kenya. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the riverbank and bottom sediments of the Umba River were analyzed and evaluated to describe their source characteristics and provenance. The dominant minerals include quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxenes, muscovite, biotite, and likely presence of clays such as kaolinite. The chemical index of alteration of the sediments indicate a moderate to high degree of alteration. They reflect a dominant mafic to intermediate igneous provenance consistent with the geology of the Umba River catchment that is characterized by the outcrops of the granitic Precambrian basement and the quartz-dominated Paleozoic Karoo Supergroup, overlain by Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments dominated by both mafic and felsic minerals. The similarity of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the Umba River sediments from source to mouth further indicates a uniform source in the upper course of the river and only subordinate contributions from the lower course where it passes the Karoo and the younger sediments.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of Selected Kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenita N. Bukalo ◽  
Georges-Ivo E. Ekosse ◽  
John O. Odiyo ◽  
Jason S. Ogola
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Major Phase ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Major Oxides ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Geochemical Indices ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
Compositional Variability

AbstractThe geochemical characteristics of selected kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria are presented, with an attempt to elucidate on their possible industrial applications by comparing them to world-known kaolin deposits. Major oxides concentrations were subjected to factor analyses in interpreting their relationships. Geochemical indices, including chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and the index of compositional variability (ICV) were computed and plotted on binary and ternary diagrams to determine the intensity of weathering of the kaolins and discriminate their different source rock types. Kaolinite was the major phase, followed by quartz, illite and goethite as minor phases. Minerals in trace phases included smectite, anatase, muscovite, gibbsite, microcline, palygorskite and calcite. Mean abundances of major oxides in wt% were: SiO

scholarly journals Potassium-metasomatism in Anthracite: A Cluster of Geochemical Evidences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Ghosh ◽  
Anwita Ojha ◽  
Atul Kumar Varma
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
Thrust Belts ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Abstract The present study focuses on the inorganic geochemical features of the bituminous coal samples from the Raniganj and the Jharia Basin, as well as the anthracite samples from the Himalayan fold-thrust belts of Sikkim, India. The SiO2 content (48.05 to 65.09 wt% in the ash yield of the bituminous coal samples and 35.92 to 50.11 wt% in the ash yield of the anthracite samples) and the ratio of Al2O3/TiO2 (6.97 to 17.03 in the bituminous coal samples and 10.34 to 20.07 in the anthracite samples) reveal the intermediate igneous source rock composition of the minerals. The ratio of the K2O/Al2O3 in the ash yield of the bituminous coal samples (0.03 to 0.09) may suggest the presence of kaolinite mixed with montmorillonite, while its range in the ash yield of the anthracite samples (0.16 to 0.27) may imply the presence of illite mixed with kaolinite. The chemical index of alteration values may suggest the moderate to strong chemical weathering of the source rock under sub-humid to humid climatic conditions. The plot of the bituminous coal samples in the A-CN-K diagram depicts the traditional weathering trend of parent rocks, but the anthracite samples plot near the illite field and are a bit offset from the weathering trend. This may imply the plausible influences of the potassium-metasomatism at post coalification stages. The Fourier transform infrared spectra further reveal the hydroxyl stretching intensity of the illite in the anthracite samples substantiating the effect of the epigenetic potassium-metasomatism. The decrease in total kaolinite intensity/compound intensity of quartz and feldspar may provide additional evidence towards this epigenetic event.

scholarly journals Major and trace elements redistribution in weathered claystones from the Corumbataí Formation, Paraná Sedimentary Basin, São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-632
Author(s):  
Letícia Hirata Godoy ◽  
Diego de Souza Sardinha ◽  
Maria Margarita Torres Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
Paraná Sedimentary Basin ◽  
Weathering Effects

ABSTRACT: We studied 30 samples from 10 mining fronts of clayish rocks of the Corumbataí Formation, in the region of the Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Pole (São Paulo, Brazil), in order to evaluate the variation of rare earth elements (REE), mineralogy, weathering effects and provenance. The profiles show diagnostic geochemical signatures that are uniform across the Corumbataí Formation samples in the studied region and can be correlated from mine to mine, i.e.: 1) the constant MgO/K2O ratio and the variation of other oxides, which allow the identification of three main groups of samples; 2) similar groups of chemical index of weathering (CIW) and chemical index of alteration (CIA); 3) the immobile character of REE, Th, and Sc. The erosion/denudation processes were apparently the same among the studied profiles, allowing the identification of a similar weathering pattern among the mines, despite its location within the stratigraphic column. Mineralogical and geochemical data here reported suggest a dominant felsic source, but intermediate or mixed sources cannot be discarded. The chemical and mineralogical aspects observed are practically uniform along the studied profiles and mines, which allow them to be used as raw material by the industries of the Santa Gertrudes Ceramic Pole (SGCP) region.

PROVENANCE, TEXTURE, AND RELATIVE AGE CONTROLS ON THE CHEMICAL INDEX OF ALTERATION (CIA) IN PLEISTOCENE TILLS, MINNESOTA USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Wittkop ◽  
◽  
Christian Piper ◽  
Julie K. Bartley ◽  
Russell Krueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Age ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

scholarly journals Provenance of sediments from Barra del Tordo and Tesoro beaches, Tamaulipas State, northwestern Gulf of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayla A. Ramos-Vázquez ◽  
John S. Armstrong-Altrin
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Beach Sediments ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
Ree Patterns

AbstractThe mineralogy, bulk sediment geochemical composition, and U–Pb ages of detrital zircons retrieved from the Barra del Tordo (Tordo) and Tesoro beach sediments in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico were analyzed to determine their provenance. The beach sediments are mainly composed of quartz, ilmenite, magnetite, titanite, zircon, and anorthite. The weathering proxies such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), reveal a moderate-to-high intensity of weathering in the source area. The chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns are similar to felsic igneous rocks, with large negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu* = ~ 0.47–0.80 and ~ 0.57–0.67 in the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, respectively).Three major zircon U–Pb age groups are identified in the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments, i.e., Proterozoic (~ 2039–595 Ma), Mesozoic (~ 244–70.3 Ma), and Cenozoic (~ 65.9–1.2 Ma). The differences of the zircon age spectrum between the Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments are not significant. The comparison of zircon U–Pb ages in this study with ages of potential source terranes suggests that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic zircons of the studied Tordo and Tesoro beach sediments were derived from the Eastern Alkaline Province (EAP) and Mesa Central Province (MCP). Similarly, the likely sources for the Proterozoic zircons were the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr) and Oaxaquia in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. The results of this study further indicate that the sediments delivered to the beaches by rivers and redistributed by longshore currents were crucial in determining the sediment provenance.

Movement of Elements between Soil and its Source Rock a Case Form Limestone Soil in Suzhou City, Anhui Province, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2904-2907
Author(s):  
Song Chen
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Source Rock ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Background Value ◽  
High K ◽  
Suzhou City ◽  
Limestone Soil ◽  
High Migration ◽  
Cu And Zn

The limestone soils and its source rock samples had been collected from Suzhou area for the testing about major and trace elements. The concentration value have been compared with the background and the migration coefficient(K) of element form source rock to soil have been calculated, the result showed: the elements Ca and Th are enrichment, the Al is loss seriously, the Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zn, Rb, Sr., Zr, and Pb are basic fairly with the background value; the K, Cu, Fe and As are slightly higher than the soil background values; The elements Si, Ti, Mn, Zr, Pb and Th have high K in subsoil layer; the element Fe, Cr, As and Rb have the least K in subsoil layer; the element Al, V, Cu and Zn can be showed disorder with the more high migration coefficient in topsoil.

scholarly journals X-RAY FLUORESCENCE AND STABLE ISOTOPES ANALYSES OF IKPESHI MARBLE, SOUTH SOUTHERN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Phillips Reuben Ikhane ◽  
Olalekan Olayiwola Oyebolu ◽  
Afolabi Omotayo Alaka
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Dolomitic Marble ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
Major Oxides ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

Integration of X-ray fluor escence and stable isotope spectrometric techniques for quality assessment and provenance study of exposed marble deposit at Fakunle Quarry, Ikpeshi, South Western Nigeria constitute the fundamental aims of this research. Fourteen fresh (14) marble samples obtained at different localities within the quarry were subjected to geochemical and isotopic analyses to ascertain the quantitative abundance of major oxides and stable isotopes using X-Ray Fluorescence and Thermo Fisher mass spectrometer respectively. The major oxides revealed by XRF analysis of the marble samples are CaO, MgO, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and Na2O with percentage composition ranging between 11.66 – 13.25, 7.75 – 9.65, 41.36 – 47.55, 12.36 – 15.23, 7.79 – 10.55 and 1.44 – 1.75respectively. Na2O + K2O value ranges between 1.48 and 1.78.The classification of marble in relation to percentage of calcite-dolomite indicate a percentage range of -5 to 4% and 93-103% for Calcite and Dolomite respectively. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) ranges from 45.16 to 51.59 % and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) ranges from 46.19 to 52.30 %. Stable isotope ( ? –180) of marble ranges from -10.50 to -7.00 with a corresponding value from 25.50 to 55.33.Interpretation of the overall results indicates an impure quartz-rich dolomitic marble; metamorphosed from a low carbonate sedimentary/meta sedimentary protolith which shallowly precipitated within a passive marginal marine environment under humid condition. The high silica impurity can however be attributed to the inordinate influx of terrigenous sediments during the precipitation process. Weathering effect is minimal on the marble deposit. Conclusively, strong correlation is apparent between the obtained geochemical result and the basement geology of the study area.

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