THE PROPIONIC-ACID BACTERIA-A REVIEW

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Hettinga ◽  
G. W. Reinbold
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic Activities

This review, appearing in three parts, is concerned with the growth, metabolism, and miscellaneous metabolic activities of propionibacteria. The first section, presented here, deals primarily with nutritional requirements, substrate and product inhibition, physical factors, associative action of other microorganisms, and enumeration and isolation of propionibacteria. The nutrition of propionic-acid bacteria has been extensively investigated and the absolute requirements for their nutrition are known. Since propionibacteria play an important role in the fermentation of Swiss cheeses, development of a completely selective medium and continued study of agents inhibitory and stimulatory to propionibacteria would be a valuable aid in solving many of the practical problems associated with Swiss cheese manufacture. Part two will discuss formation of propionate and acetate, the carboxylation, decarboxylation, and transcarboxylation reactions, the roles of biotin and vitamin B12, and the enzymes involved in the propionic-acid fermentation. The third and final section concerning miscellaneous metabolic activities will deal with erythritol metabolism, formation of diacetyl-acetoin and vitamin B12, production of previously undiscussed volatile compounds, propionin, lipids and phospholipids, and the production of slime. The third section also will include concluding comments to provide a brief summary of the important points developed in this review.

THE PROPIONIC-ACID BACTERIA-A REVIEWIII. MISCELLANEOUS METABOLIC ACTIVITIES1

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 436-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Hettinga ◽  
G. W. Reinbold
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
The Third ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
B12 Production

This is the third and final section of a review of the propionic-acid bacteria. This section discusses some of their miscellaneous metabolic activities such as: erythritol metabolism, formation of diacetyl-acetoin and vitamin B12, production of volatile compounds not previously mentioned, propionin (an antiviral agent), lipids and phospholipids, and slime formation, Concluding comments provide a brief summary of particular points of interest.

THE PROPIONIC-ACID BACTERIA–A REVIEW

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Hettinga ◽  
G. W. Reinbold
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acetate Formation

This paper, the second of three sections of a review, deals with propionate and acetate formation, carboxylation, decarboxyiation, and transcarboxylation, the roles of biotin and vitamin B12, and the enzymes involved in the propionic-acid fermentation. Pathways for propionate, acetate, and carbon dioxide formation by Propionibacterium have been thoroughly investigated and established. These investigations led to discovery of transcarboxylase, a biotin-containing enzyme, and were the result of studies showing that the formation of propionate does not involve the expected turnover of CO2. This enzyme appears to be unique to propionibacteria; it could be speculated that it is the first discovered of a group of transcarboxylases. One of the breakthroughs relative to the mechanism of biotin fixation reactions was the discovery that biotin can be carboxylated enzymatically.

scholarly journals Bio-produced Propionic Acid: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladár Vidra ◽  
Áron Németh
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Strain Improvement ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Processes ◽  
Propionic Acid Production ◽  
Downstream Area

Propionic acid is a platform chemical, antifungal agent and important chemical intermediate. Current industrial production of propionic acid is mainly through petrochemical processes because the conventional method of the propionic acid fermentation is uneconomical due to low product yield, productivity and product concentration caused by end-product inhibition. The coproduction of acetic and succinic acids in the propionic acid fermentation processes also makes downstream processing more complicated and costly. To the best of our knowledge there are several and recent reviews in the available literature on propionic acid fermentation processes and strain improvement techniques, but only a few on product recovery and purification, i.e. downstreaming. However, to realize a biorefinery, where propionic acid is a key intermediate, complex discussion of up-, and downstreaming is required. Therefore in this review a short overview of the whole bio-based propionic acid production process is presented including recent results of both upstream and downstream area. Thus the biosynthetic pathways, the significant results of native and recombinant producer strains as well as product recovery are discussed.

Isolation of Cobalt-Resistant Strains of Propionic Acid Bacteria, Potent Producers of Vitamin B12

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Seidametova ◽  
M. R. Shakirzyanova ◽  
D. M. Ruzieva ◽  
T. G. Gulyamova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ ПРИ КОНСЕРВИРОВАНИИ ЛЮЦЕРНЫ

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
I.T. BIKCHANTAEV ◽  
SH.K. SHAKIROV ◽  
Z.F. FATTAKHOVA
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Associations

Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности влияния различных биологических препаратов при консервировании провяленной зеленой массы люцерны, отечественного так и зарубежного производства в лабораторных условиях. По результатам лабораторных исследований было установлено положительное влияние биологических препаратов ФербакСил и Бонсилаж Форте, которые стимулировали в фитомассе молочнокислое брожение, что в свою очередь положительно отразилось на сохранности обменной энергии (8,9 МДж) и сырого протеина (21,1 ), показатели которых были выше контроля на 3,45 и 0,9 . Максимальное кислотообразование в консервируемой массе выявлено при применении импортного препарата Бонсилаж Форте, где показатель суммы органических кислот был наивысшим и составил 3,66 абс. , или выше контрольного показателя на 0,33 абс. , соответственно. При изучении физиологических групп микробиоты готовых сенажей, в консервировании которых использовали биологические препараты, выявлено повышенное содержание молочнокислых и пропионовокислых бактерий. Максимальное содержание первых было установлено при применении препарата ФербакСил 58,8106 КОЕ/г, последних при применении Бонсилаж Форте 7,2106 КОЕ/г, концентрация которых была выше контроля на 3,3 и 2,4 раза. Расчет экономической эффективности показал, что использование препарата Бонсилаж Форте максимально увеличивает себестоимость готового сенажа по сравнению с контролем на 13,0 (1185 руб./т). Применение отечественного препарата ФербакСил способствовал минимальному увеличению себестоимости готового корма 1063 руб/т, стоимость которого была ниже контроля на 1,2 .The efficacy of two biological preparations was evaluated for haylage preparation from dried alfalpha green mass under laboratory conditions. It was shown that biopreparations FerbacSil and Bonehaylage Forte, stimulating lactic acid fermentation in green mass, improved quality of the haylage by preserving exchange energy (8,9 MJ), raw protein (21,1 ), which were higher than those in control by 3,45 and 0,9 , respectively. Maximal acid production in haylage mass was detected after application of Bonehaylage Forte reaching 3,66 absolute , so 0,33 abs. higher than in the control. Microbial associations developed in green mass were represented by lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid bacteria. Application of FerbacSil resulted in increase of by lactic acid bacteria population which reached 58,8106 CFU per gram of green mass. Propionic acid bacteria were proliferating to 7,2106 CFU per gram when Bonehaylage Forte was used as a silaging starter. These value were 3,3 and 2,4 higher, respectively, than in control variant. Calculation of profitability showed that Bonehaylage Forte application increase selfcost by 13 when compared with control and is as high as 1185 roubles per ton of haylage. Using Russian domestic biopreparation FerbacSil resulted in moderate 1,2 of increase of selfcost giving final 1063 roubles per ton, which is 1,2 lower than in control.

Same Address, Different Doors: Post-Heritage Deconstruction of the Heritage Household in Upstairs Downstairs in the 1970s and 2010s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Episodes

This article offers a ‘post-heritage’ reading of both iterations of Upstairs Downstairs: the LondonWeekend Television (LWT) series (1971–5) and its shortlived BBC revival (2010–12). Identifying elements of subversion and subjectivity allows scholarship on the LWT series to be reassessed, recognising occasions where it challenges rather than supports the social structures of the depicted Edwardian past. The BBC series also incorporates the post-heritage element of self-consciousness, acknowledging the parallel between its narrative and the production’s attempts to recreate the success of its 1970s predecessor. The article’s first section assesses the critical history of the LWT series, identifying areas that are open to further study or revised readings. The second section analyses the serialised war narrative of the fourth series of LWT’s Upstairs, Downstairs (1974), revealing its exploration of female identity across multiple episodes and challenging the notion that the series became more male and upstairs dominated as it progressed. The third section considers the BBC series’ revised concept, identifying the shifts in its main characters’ positions in society that allow the series’ narrative to question the past it evokes. This will be briefly contrasted with the heritage stability of Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–15). The final section considers the household of 165 Eaton Place’s function as a studio space, which the BBC series self-consciously adopts in order to evoke the aesthetics of prior period dramas. The article concludes by suggesting that the barriers to recreating the past established in the BBC series’ narrative also contributed to its failure to match the success of its earlier iteration.

Same Address, Different Doors: Post-Heritage Deconstruction of the Heritage Household in Upstairs Downstairs in the 1970s and 2010s

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Abbiss
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
Critical History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fourth Series ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multiple Episodes

This article offers a ‘post-heritage’ reading of both iterations of Upstairs Downstairs: the LondonWeekend Television (LWT) series (1971–5) and its shortlived BBC revival (2010–12). Identifying elements of subversion and subjectivity allows scholarship on the LWT series to be reassessed, recognising occasions where it challenges rather than supports the social structures of the depicted Edwardian past. The BBC series also incorporates the post-heritage element of self-consciousness, acknowledging the parallel between its narrative and the production’s attempts to recreate the success of its 1970s predecessor. The article’s first section assesses the critical history of the LWT series, identifying areas that are open to further study or revised readings. The second section analyses the serialised war narrative of the fourth series of LWT’s Upstairs, Downstairs (1974), revealing its exploration of female identity across multiple episodes and challenging the notion that the series became more male and upstairs dominated as it progressed. The third section considers the BBC series’ revised concept, identifying the shifts in its main characters’ positions in society that allow the series’ narrative to question the past it evokes. This will be briefly contrasted with the heritage stability of Downton Abbey (ITV, 2010–15). The final section considers the household of 165 Eaton Place’s function as a studio space, which the BBC series self-consciously adopts in order to evoke the aesthetics of prior period dramas. The article concludes by suggesting that the barriers to recreating the past established in the BBC series’ narrative also contributed to its failure to match the success of its earlier iteration.

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