Inoculation of Citric Acid-Fermenting Bacteria into Raw Milk in Farm Bulk Tanks

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. WHITE ◽  
S. G. SHILOTRI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
State Health ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Streptococcus Lactis ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Bulk Tank

Cultures of Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis and Leuconostoc cremoris were added together in the amount of 0.5% to raw milk in a farm bulk tank. This treatment did not significantly reduce the psychrotrophic or coliform population as hypothesized; however, the shelf-life was extended on products made from this raw milk by an average of 1 day. Also, the legal question of adding viable bacteria to the raw milk needs to be considered by state health departments and appropriate federal agencies. Since hydrogen peroxide is reported to be the toxic agent (to the psychrotrophs) released by the citrate fermenters, the obvious fact is noted that this agent can already be added to milk designed for cheese manufacture.

Survival and Growth of Clostridium Species in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 431-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. EL-GENDY ◽  
T. NASSIB ◽  
H. ABED-EL-GELLEL ◽  
N-EL-HODA HANAFY
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Clostridium Tyrobutyricum ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Litmus Milk ◽  
Genus Clostridium ◽  
Survival And Growth

Some bacteria in the genus Clostridium can occur as contaminants in milk. If cheese is made from milk with such contaminants, the bacteria can cause the “late gas” or “late blowing” defect in the cheese. Since hydrogen peroxide can be used to treat milk for cheesemaking, this investigation was initiated to determine effects of the peroxide on viability and growth of Clostridium tyrobutyricum NIZO, C. tyrobutyricum 144, Clostridium perfringens 115 and Clostridium sporogenes T9. Presence of 0.01% hydrogen peroxide in litmus milk retarded but did not prevent growth of and gas production by the clostridia. Presence of 0.02% peroxide inhibited growth and gas production when litmus milk contained, per milliliter, 50 or 100 spores of any of the clostridia being studied. These numbers of clostridial spores are greater than those normally found in raw milk produced under ordinary conditions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Epidemiology Capacity in State Health Departments, 2004–2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Boulton ◽  
James Hadler ◽  
Angela J. Beck ◽  
Lisa Ferland ◽  
Maureen Lichtveld
Keyword(s):  
Health Departments ◽  
State Health

scholarly journals Implementing a Data to Care Strategy to Improve Health Outcomes for People With HIV: A Report From the Care and Prevention in the United States Demonstration Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 60S-74S ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sweeney ◽  
Tamika Hoyte ◽  
Mesfin S. Mulatu ◽  
Jacquelyn Bickham ◽  
Antoine D. Brantley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
State Health ◽  
Improve Health

Objectives: The Care and Prevention in the United States Demonstration Project included implementation of a Data to Care strategy using surveillance and other data to (1) identify people with HIV infection in need of HIV medical care or other services and (2) facilitate linkages to those services to improve health outcomes. We present the experiences of 4 state health departments: Illinois, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia. Methods: The 4 state health departments used multiple databases to generate listings of people with diagnosed HIV infection (PWH) who were presumed not to be in HIV medical care or who had difficulty maintaining viral suppression from October 1, 2013, through September 29, 2016. Each health department prioritized the listings (eg, by length of time not in care, by viral load), reviewed them for accuracy, and then disseminated the listings to staff members to link PWH to HIV care and services. Results: Of 16 391 PWH presumed not to be in HIV medical care, 9852 (60.1%) were selected for follow-up; of those, 4164 (42.3%) were contacted, and of those, 1479 (35.5%) were confirmed to be not in care. Of 794 (53.7%) PWH who accepted services, 694 (87.4%) were linked to HIV medical care. The Louisiana Department of Health also identified 1559 PWH as not virally suppressed, 764 (49.0%) of whom were eligible for follow-up. Of the 764 PWH who were eligible for follow-up, 434 (56.8%) were contacted, of whom 269 (62.0%) had treatment adherence issues. Of 153 PWH who received treatment adherence services, 104 (68.0%) showed substantial improvement in viral suppression. Conclusions: The 4 health departments established procedures for using surveillance and other data to improve linkage to HIV medical care and health outcomes for PWH. To be effective, health departments had to enhance coordination among surveillance, care programs, and providers; develop mechanisms to share data; and address limitations in data systems and data quality.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Workforce Development Training in State Health Departments Using TRAIN: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Magali Angeloni ◽  
Ron Bialek ◽  
Michael P. Petros ◽  
Michael C. Fagen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Public Health Workforce ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
State Health ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Organizational Features

Objective: The objectives of this study were (1) to obtain data on the current status of public health workforce training and the use of the Training Finder Real-Time Affiliate Network (TRAIN), a public health learning management platform, in state health departments, and (2) to use the data to identify organizational features that might be affecting training and to determine barriers to and opportunities for improving training. Methods: We conducted structured interviews in 2014 with TRAIN administrators and performance improvement managers (n = 14) from 7 state health departments that were using TRAIN to determine training practices and barriers to training. We determined key organizational features of the 7 agencies, including training structure, required training, TRAIN administrators’ employment status (full time or part time), barriers to the use and tracking of core competencies in TRAIN, training needs assessment methods, leadership support of training and staff development, and agency interest in applying for Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation. Results: We identified 4 common elements among TRAIN-affiliated state health departments: (1) underuse of TRAIN as a training tool, (2) inadequate ownership of training within the organization, (3) insufficient valuation of and budgeting for training, and (4) emerging collaboration and changing perceptions about training stimulated by agency preparation for accreditation. Conclusions: Public health leaders can increase buy-in to the importance of training by giving responsibility for training to a person, centralizing training, and setting expectations for the newly responsible training leader to update training policy and require the use of TRAIN to develop, implement, evaluate, monitor, and report on agency-wide training.

Evaluation of virulence factors profiles and antimicrobials resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from bulk tank milk and raw milk filters

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Dell'Orco ◽  
Claudia Gusmara ◽  
Monica Loiacono ◽  
Theo Gugliotta ◽  
Francesca Albonico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank

A Preliminary Survey of Antibiotic Residues and Viable Bacteria in Milk from Three Caribbean Basin Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. BAYNES ◽  
R. LYMAN ◽  
K. L. ANDERSON ◽  
C. F. BROWNIE
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Ultrahigh Temperature ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

There is widespread concern about the presence of antimicrobial drugs in milk. The presence of drug residues in milk may have public health implications. Milk samples (n = 25 to 65/country) were collected from bulk tanks and commercial vendors in Barbados, Costa Rica, and Jamaica between February 1996 and August 1997. Bulk tank samples were collected from high milk-producing regions of Jamaica and Costa Rica and from 26 dairy farms in Barbados. Milk pH, bacterial growth (total CFU/ml and the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus), and the presence of antimicrobials were determined. Milk samples were tested by a microbial inhibition test (Delvotest-P, Gist-Brocades Food Ingredients, Inc.) to screen for antimicrobial drugs. All positives were retested for the presence of β-lactam antibiotics after incubating with penicillinase and some positives were identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography–UV. Mean pH values ranged from 6.5 to 6.7. S. aureus was identified in bulk tank samples from Costa Rica (52%), Barbados (44%), and Jamaica (46%). S. agalactiae was identified in bulk tank samples from Costa Rica (28%), Barbados (8 and 16%), and Jamaica (18%). Antimicrobial residues were detected in some bulk tank samples from Barbados (8%) and Jamaica (10%) but not in samples from Costa Rica. All positives in milk from Jamaica and Barbados were determined to be β-lactams. No residues were detected in pasteurized milk samples from Barbados or ultrahigh-temperature milk from Jamaica. The presence of β-lactam residues in some of these samples suggests the appropriateness of testing milk prior to processing for consumption.

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