Preparation and Use of Somatic Cell Count Samples (SCCS) for Comparison of Milk Somatic Cell Counting Methods

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LINTNER ◽  
A. L. LANGE ◽  
C. W. HEALD ◽  
R. J. EBERHART
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Coulter Counter ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Before And After

Somatic cell count samples (SCCS) for use in comparison of milk somatic cell counting methods were prepared from the cell sediment deposited in a creamery milk separator. Bovine milk somatic cells were resuspended from the sediment, and serial cell dilutions were prepared in bronopol-preserved milk diluent. Over a 1-year period, sets of SCCS were prepared each month and sent to milk-testing laboratories in the U.S.A., Canada and Europe, and counted by the methods in use at those Laboratories: (a) direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC), (b) Fossomatic counter and (c) Coulter counter. Cell counts were normalized to eliminate the effect of month to month variation in the cell content of the SCCS. Counts obtained by the three methods were similar, although Coulter counter results tended to be lower, and significantly lower (P< 0.05) in SCCS with cell counts greater than 700,000 cells/ml than those counts by the other two methods. The effect of shipping on SCCS stability was assessed for SCCS samples sent to and returned from other laboratories, and counted by the Fossomatic method on their return. Counts were similar before and after shipping, except that results for SCCS with cell counts greater than 1,000,000 cells/ml were significantly higher (P<0.05) after their return.

Somatic Cell Reference Samples for Calibration of Milk Somatic Cell Counting Methods

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 694-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LINTNER ◽  
C. W. HEALD ◽  
R. J. EBERHART
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Raw Bulk Milk

Somatic cell count samples (SCCS) for use in calibration of milk somatic cell counting methods were prepared from raw bulk milk preserved with potassium dichromate. Somatic cells were separated by centrifugation, then appropriate cell dilutions were prepared in the dichromate-preserved skim milk. Somatic cell counts from SCCS stored at 4°C were stable over a 23-wk period. No bacterial contamination was detected in these samples. In a collaborative study among eight laboratories, SCCS were not affected by usual conditions by shipping. The SCCS can be used as reference standards for the direct microscopic somatic cell count and the Fossomatic and Coulter Counter somatic cell counting methods.

Relationship of somatic cell count and cell volume analysis of goat's milk to intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Sheldrake ◽  
Roderic J. T. Hoare ◽  
Victoria E. Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Volume Analysis ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe prevalence of intramammary infection in 4 commercial goat herds was studied in conjunction with electronic somatic cell count and volume analysis, determined using a Coulter Counter and volume analyser.Neither streptococci nor mycoplasma were isolated from any half and the prevalence of intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0 to 3% between herds. For coagulase-negative staphylococci the range for infected halves was 36–71%. There was no significant difference between the mean total microscopic somatic cell count for halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and those free from infection. A similar trend was observed for electronic somatic cell counts although the mean electronic cell count was greater than the mean total microscopic count on the 2 occasions that they were compared. The correlation coefficients between the 2 cell counting methods were 0·86 and 0·94. Between herds there were significant differences in mean electronic somatic cell count, with herd means ranging from 438×103 to 1684×103 cells/ml. In 2 of the 4 herds studied, milk samples from halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci had a significantly higher prevalence of cell volume distributions with a modal cell volume between 65 µ3 and 100 µ3. This was attributed to a higher proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.Use of electronic somatic cell count and cell volume analysis were considered of little value in predicting infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci as there was a high proportion of false negative and false positive predictions.

scholarly journals Relationships of Alizarin Test Scores with Somatic Cell Count in Bovine Milk

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2089-2091
Author(s):  
Baqdaulet Sadikov ◽  
Savaş Atasever
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ph Values

The aim of this study was to reveal the association of alizarin test scores (ATS) with somatic cell scores (SCC) in bovine milk. The milk samples (n=60) were collected from three milk selling points in Samsun province of Turkey in two test days (TD). To obtain ATS, change of colour in milk after adding dye solution were used (ATS 1: red-brown/normal, ATS 2: yellow/acidic, and ATS 3: violet/alkali). To test for reliability of ATS by acidity, pH values of the samples were measured with a standard pH meter. In SCC analyses, direct microscopic cell counting was applied. Of examined parameters, only SCC was differed by TD, and both pH and SCC were differed by the location. According to ATP groups, pH and SCC means were also changed. Finally, estimated weak (r=0.247) correlation coefficient between ATS and SCC pointed out that ATS data are not suitable to detect quality degree of bovine milk samples.

Experience in Adaptation and Comparative Evaluation of the Coulter Counter and Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) Method for Determining Somatic Cell Counts in Milk

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
D. M. MACAULAY ◽  
R. E. GINN ◽  
V. S. PACKARD
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Coulter Counter ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
Government Laboratory ◽  
One Year

A Coulter Counter, Model ZBI, was introduced into a provincial government laboratory and adapted for use in counting somatic cells in milk. The procedure followed was a modification of the International Dairy Federation method, the main difference being in the formulation of the fixative and a slight change in diluent make-up. The procedure was further modified in operating details to enhance routine analytical work. During one year of use in the ongoing provincial laboratory program, 8130 milk samples were checked for somatic cells by the Coulter Counter. Of this number, 509 were selected at random and checked by the Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC) method. The correlation coefficient for these samples for the two methods was 0.973. The mean cell counts were 841.600 and 839,900 for the DMSCC and Coulter Counter methods, respectively. The regression formula for estimating DMSCC from Coulter Counter results was determined to be ŷ= 0.8023(x) + 163.45.

Production of hydrogen peroxide by a small molecular mass compound in milk from Holstein cows with high and low milk somatic cell count

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senkiti Sakai ◽  
Eriko Nonobe ◽  
Takahiro Satow ◽  
Kazuhiko Imakawa ◽  
Kentaro Nagaoka
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Mastitis is the most frequent and prevalent production disease in dairy herds in developed countries. Based on a milk somatic cell count (SCC) of either >300 000 or <200 000 cells/ml in this study, we defined the quarter as either inflamed or uninflamed, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of milk was used as an indicator of udder epithelial cell damage. We determined the amount of H2O2produced by utilizing a small molecular weight compound in milk, and examined the characteristics of H2O2production and EC in milk from inflamed and uninflamed quarters. In cows with milk of delivery grade (control population), H2O2production and EC were 3·6±1·3 nmol/ml and 5·4±0·4 mS/cm (mean±sd), respectively. In 37 inflamed quarter milk samples, the production of H2O2was 1·9±1·0 nmol/ml and was significantly smaller than that in the control population (P<0·01). Production of H2O2was moderately but significantly correlated with EC (r<−0·71). In 20 cows with inflamed quarters, the production of H2O2in milk from inflamed quarters was significantly smaller than that in milk from uninflamed quarters (P<0·01). In 18 out of 20 cows, milk from inflamed quarters showed the smallest H2O2production among all tested quarters in each cow. We conclude that inflammation caused a decrease in H2O2production in milk. In this study, we present parameters for evaluating the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/thiocyanate antibacterial defence system in bovine milk.

Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Milena Brasca ◽  
Laura Vanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.

scholarly journals Prediction of total quarter milk somatic cell counts based on foremilk sampling

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wellnitz ◽  
Marcus G Doherr ◽  
Marta Woloszyn ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Cell Counts

Determination of somatic cell count (SCC) is used worldwide in dairy practice to describe the hygienic status of the milk and the udder health of cows. When SCC is tested on a quarter level to detect single quarters with high SCC levels of cows for practical reasons, mostly foremilk samples after prestimulation (i.e. cleaning of the udder) are used. However, SCC is usually different in different milk fractions. Therefore, the goal of this study was the investigation of the use of foremilk samples for the estimation of total quarter SCC. A total of 378 milkings in 19 dairy cows were performed with a special milking device to drain quarter milk separately. Foremilk samples were taken after udder stimulation and before cluster attachment. SCC was measured in foremilk samples and in total quarter milk. Total quarter milk SCC could not be predicted precisely from foremilk SCC measurements. At relatively high foremilk SCC levels (>300×103 cells/ml) foremilk SCC were higher than total quarter milk. At around (50–300)×103 cells/ml foremilk and total quarter SCC did not differ considerably. Most interestingly, if foremilk SCC was lower than 50×103 cells/ml the total quarter SCC was higher than foremilk SCC. In addition, individual cows showed dramatic variations in foremilk SCC that were not very well related to total quarter milk SCC. In conclusion, foremilk samples are useful to detect high quarter milk SCC to recognize possibly infected quarters, only if precise cell counts are not required. However, foremilk samples can be deceptive if very low cell numbers are to be detected.

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