Time- and population-dependent genetic patterns underlie bovine milk somatic cell count

Mastitis is the most frequent and prevalent production disease in dairy herds in developed countries. Based on a milk somatic cell count (SCC) of either >300 000 or <200 000 cells/ml in this study, we defined the quarter as either inflamed or uninflamed, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of milk was used as an indicator of udder epithelial cell damage. We determined the amount of H2O2produced by utilizing a small molecular weight compound in milk, and examined the characteristics of H2O2production and EC in milk from inflamed and uninflamed quarters. In cows with milk of delivery grade (control population), H2O2production and EC were 3·6±1·3 nmol/ml and 5·4±0·4 mS/cm (mean±sd), respectively. In 37 inflamed quarter milk samples, the production of H2O2was 1·9±1·0 nmol/ml and was significantly smaller than that in the control population (P<0·01). Production of H2O2was moderately but significantly correlated with EC (r<−0·71). In 20 cows with inflamed quarters, the production of H2O2in milk from inflamed quarters was significantly smaller than that in milk from uninflamed quarters (P<0·01). In 18 out of 20 cows, milk from inflamed quarters showed the smallest H2O2production among all tested quarters in each cow. We conclude that inflammation caused a decrease in H2O2production in milk. In this study, we present parameters for evaluating the lactoperoxidase/H2O2/thiocyanate antibacterial defence system in bovine milk.

Download Full-text

No effects of homeopathy on somatic cell count, bovine milk yield and composition

Acta Veterinaria Brasilica ◽

10.21708/avb.2017.11.1.6327 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Bovine Milk

Download Full-text

Variation in activity and heterogeneity of bovine milk proteases with stage of lactation and somatic cell count

International Dairy Journal ◽

10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.01.009 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

L.B. Larsen ◽

P.L.H. McSweeney ◽

M.G. Hayes ◽

J.B. Andersen ◽

K.L. Ingvartsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Stage Of Lactation

Download Full-text

Connection of milk flow curve to the somatic cell count in bovine milk

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-47-551-2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 551-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Mijić ◽

I. Knežević ◽

M. Domaćinović

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Flow Curve ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Peak Flow ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Peak Flow Rate ◽

Milk Flow

Abstract. The modern equipment introduction into cow milking created technical possibilities for studying the milk flow curve and for using the results in cattle selection. In preventing mastitis, besides curing, other parameters of the milk flow curve could be used preventively. Research showed that cows that had the milk flow curve with a short duration of increasing flow rate (dIFR ≤ 0.40 min) and a larger quotient between the peak and down phase (QPD > 1.20) had also the least somatic cell count in milk (LSCC = 3.47, and 3.30 respectively). Such relation is favourable because increasing the relation, the duration of quick and uniform milking extends, and the duration of peak flow rate shortens. That also show correlation coefficients which were between the logarithmic somatic cell count in milk (LSCC) on one hand and the peak flow rate (dPFR), that means the quotient of peak and down phase (QPD) on the other hand negative (r= −0.25** and –0.27**). Breeding-selective procedures could create bull fathers and mothers with the most desirable milk flow curve and the duration of certain milking phases, whereby the somatic cell count in milk would be the least. Therefore it would be necessary to define desirable proportions of the milk flow curve with a special attention to the cow’s health udder.

Download Full-text

Preparation and Use of Somatic Cell Count Samples (SCCS) for Comparison of Milk Somatic Cell Counting Methods

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-50.2.132 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 132-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. J. LINTNER ◽

A. L. LANGE ◽

C. W. HEALD ◽

R. J. EBERHART

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Coulter Counter ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Cell Content ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Counting Methods ◽

Before And After

Somatic cell count samples (SCCS) for use in comparison of milk somatic cell counting methods were prepared from the cell sediment deposited in a creamery milk separator. Bovine milk somatic cells were resuspended from the sediment, and serial cell dilutions were prepared in bronopol-preserved milk diluent. Over a 1-year period, sets of SCCS were prepared each month and sent to milk-testing laboratories in the U.S.A., Canada and Europe, and counted by the methods in use at those Laboratories: (a) direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC), (b) Fossomatic counter and (c) Coulter counter. Cell counts were normalized to eliminate the effect of month to month variation in the cell content of the SCCS. Counts obtained by the three methods were similar, although Coulter counter results tended to be lower, and significantly lower (P< 0.05) in SCCS with cell counts greater than 700,000 cells/ml than those counts by the other two methods. The effect of shipping on SCCS stability was assessed for SCCS samples sent to and returned from other laboratories, and counted by the Fossomatic method on their return. Counts were similar before and after shipping, except that results for SCCS with cell counts greater than 1,000,000 cells/ml were significantly higher (P<0.05) after their return.

Download Full-text

Somaticell® as a screening method for somatic cell count from bovine milk

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782012005000035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1095-1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hélio Langoni ◽

Daniel da Silva Penachio ◽

Diego Borin Nóbrega ◽

Felipe de Freitas Guimarães ◽

Simone Baldini Lucheis

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Screening Method ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Almost All ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the correlation between electronic somatic cell count (eSCC) and Somaticell® under different milk somatic cell count (SCC) conditions and to different mastitis pathogens and calculate the, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of Somaticell® using different SCC limits established by different countries. Three-hundred and forty milk samples were aseptically collected according to the California Mastitis Test (CMT) result. The Somaticell® and eSCC were carried out in all milk samples. The correlation between Somaticell® test results and electronic counts was determined according to the CMT, isolated pathogen and eSCC score. According to the SCC scores established, 26.5% milk samples showed score 1 (69-166x10³cells mL-1), 26.8% score 2 (167-418x10³cells mL-1), 27.4% score 3 (419-760x10³cells mL-1) and 19.4% score 4 (761 to 1,970x10³cells mL-1). According to Spearmann correlation test, eSCC and Somaticell® had a positive correlation (P<0.05) in almost all conditions (except eSCC score 2 and score 3). The r value obtained between the SCC and Somaticell® was 0.32. It was observed that as the SCC thresholds increased, the sensitivity values decrease and specificity increased. The predictive values remained constant among all limits. When the SCC limit is lower (<760,000cells mL-1), Somaticell® resulted in higher counts than the SCC. As for samples with high SCC, Somaticell® resulted in lower counts than the eSCC. The correlation between the two methods remained relatively constant in all conditions and the sensitivity and specificity of the test is highly dependent of the threshold established. The results of this study suggest that Somaticell® is not useful to evaluate milk SCC, as its results are significant different from the eSCC. Therefore it could be used as a screening method, such as CMT, to detect an increase in the milk SCC.

Download Full-text

Genetic Parameters of Bovine Milk Fatty Acid Profile, Yield, Composition, Total and Differential Somatic Cell Count

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10122406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2406

Author(s):

Tania Bobbo ◽

Mauro Penasa ◽

Martino Cassandro

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Bovine Milk

The growing interest of consumers for milk and dairy products of high nutritional value has pushed researchers to evaluate the feasibility of including fatty acids (FA) in selection programs to modify milk fat profile and improve its nutritional quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of FA profile predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy, milk yield, composition, and total and differential somatic cell count. Edited data included 35,331 test-day records of 25,407 Italian Holstein cows from 652 herds. Variance components and heritability were estimated using single-trait repeatability animal models, whereas bivariate repeatability animal models were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits, including the fixed effects of stage of lactation, parity, and herd-test-date, and the random effects of additive genetic animal, cow permanent environment and the residual. Heritabilities and genetic correlations obtained in the present study reflected both the origins of FA (extracted from the blood or synthesized de novo by the mammary gland) and their grouping according to saturation or chain length. In addition, correlations among FA groups were in line with correlation among individual FA. Moderate negative genetic correlations between FA and milk yield and moderate to strong positive correlations with fat, protein, and casein percentages suggest that actual selection programs are currently affecting all FA groups, not only the desired ones (e.g., polyunsaturated FA). The absence of association with differential somatic cell count and the weak association with somatic cell score indicate that selection on FA profile would not affect selection on resistance to mastitis and vice versa. In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic selection on FA content is feasible, as FA are variable and moderately heritable. Nevertheless, in the light of correlations with other milk traits estimated in this study, a clear breeding goal should first be established.

Download Full-text