Reduction of Enteropathogenic Yersinia in the Pig Slaughterhouse by Using Bagging of the Rectum

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2161-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIIKKA LAUKKANEN ◽  
JUKKA RANTA ◽  
XIAOJIN DONG ◽  
MARJAANA HAKKINEN ◽  
PILAR ORTIZ MARTÍNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
High Production ◽  
Enteropathogenic Yersinia ◽  
Contamination Routes ◽  
Carcass Contamination ◽  
Farm Types

To evaluate the effectiveness of bagging of the rectum in mitigating the contamination of carcasses with enteropathogenic Yersinia at the slaughterhouse and to estimate the hidden prevalences of these pathogens in different farm types and capacities, samples from pigs, carcasses, and slaughterhouse environment were collected, and a Bayesian probability model was constructed. In addition, the contamination routes were studied with molecular typing of the isolated strains. According to the model, bagging of the rectum reduced carcass contamination significantly with pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, but not with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and alone it was insufficient to completely prevent the carcass contamination with enteropathogenic Yersinia. The hidden prevalence of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica was higher at high production capacity than it was in low production capacity, but the 95% credible intervals overlapped. Slaughterhouse environments can contaminate carcasses with enteropathogenic Yersinia, but the plausible main contamination source is the pig carrying the pathogen.

Production of Landslide Susceptibility Map using Bayesian Probability Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Akıncı ◽  
Ayşe Yavuz Özalp ◽  
Mehmet Özalp ◽  
Sebahat Temuçin Kılıçer ◽  
Cem Kılıçoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Landslide Susceptibility Map

Artvin is one of the provinces in Turkey where landslides occur most frequently. There have been numerous landslides characterized as natural disaster recorded across the province. The areas sensitive to landslides across the province should be identified in order to ensure people's safety, to take the necessary measures for reducing any devastating effects of landslides and to make the right decisions in respect to land use planning. In this study, the landslide susceptibility map of the Central district of Artvin was produced by using Bayesian probability model. Parameters including lithology, altitude, slope, aspect, plan and profile curvatures, soil depth, topographic wetness index, land cover, and proximity to the road and stream were used in landslide susceptibility analysis. The landslide susceptibility map produced in this study was validated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) based on area under curve (AUC) analysis. In addition, control landslide locations were used to validate the results of the landslide susceptibility map and the validation analysis resulted in 94.30% accuracy, a reliable outcome for this map that can be useful for general land use planning in Artvin.

scholarly journals Fast and Sensitive Detection of Enteropathogenic Yersinia by Immunoassays

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Laporte ◽  
Cyril Savin ◽  
Patricia Lamourette ◽  
Karine Devilliers ◽  
Hervé Volland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Pathogenic Serotypes ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Enteropathogenic Yersinia

Yersinia enterocoliticaandYersinia pseudotuberculosis, the twoYersiniaspecies that are enteropathogenic for humans, are distributed worldwide and frequently cause diarrhea in inhabitants of temperate and cold countries.Y. enterocoliticais a major cause of foodborne disease resulting from consumption of contaminated pork meat and is further associated with substantial economic cost. However, investigation of enteropathogenicYersiniaspecies is infrequently performed routinely in clinical laboratories because of their specific growth characteristics, which make difficult their isolation from stool samples. Moreover, current isolation procedures are time-consuming and expensive, thus leading to underestimates of the incidence of enteric yersiniosis, inappropriate prescriptions of antibiotic treatments, and unnecessary appendectomies. The main objective of the study was to develop fast, sensitive, specific, and easy-to-use immunoassays, useful for both human and veterinary diagnosis. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed againstY. enterocoliticabioserotypes 2/O:9 and 4/O:3 andY. pseudotuberculosisserotypes I and III were produced. Pairs of MAbs were selected by testing their specificity and affinity for enteropathogenicYersiniaand other commonly found enterobacteria. Pairs of MAbs were selected to develop highly sensitive enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) and lateral flow immunoassays (LFIs or dipsticks) convenient for the purpose of rapid diagnosis. The limit of detection of the EIAs ranged from 3.2 × 103CFU/ml to 8.8 × 104CFU/ml for pathogenic serotypes I and III ofY. pseudotuberculosisand pathogenic bioserotypes 2/O:9 and 4/O:3 ofY. enterocoliticaand for the LFIs ranged from 105CFU/ml to 106CFU/ml. A similar limit of detection was observed for artificially contaminated human feces.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Probability Model Can Simulate the Knowledge of Soybean Rust Researchers to Optimize the Application of Fungicides

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Gregory Vinícius Conor Figueiredo ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
José Carlos Ferreira da Rocha ◽  
David de Souza Jaccoud Filho
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Knowledge Engineering ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Bayesian Probability ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Asian Soybean Rust

Asian rust is the main soybean disease in Brazil, causing up to 80% of yield reduction. The use of fungicides is the main form of control; however, due to farmer's concern with outbreaks many unnecessary applications are performed. The present study aims to verify the usefulness of a probability model to estimate the timing and the number of fungicides sprays required to control Asian soybean rust, using Bayesian networks and knowledge engineering. The model was developed through interviews with rust researchers and a literature review. The Bayesian network was constructed with the GeNIe 2.0 software. The validation process was performed by 42 farmers and 10 rust researchers, using 28 test cases. Among the 28 tested cases, generated by the system, the agreement with the model was 47.5% for the farmers and 89.3% for the rust researchers. In general, the farmers overestimate the number. The results showed that the Bayesian network has accurately represented the knowledge of the expert, and also could help the farmers to avoid the unnecessary applications.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengembangan Agribisnis Sapi Perah dan Peningkatan Produksi Susu Melalui Pemberdayaan Koperasi Susu

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
S. Rusdiana ◽  
Wahyuning Kusuma Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

<strong>English</strong><br />Recently national milk production has not met the domestic consumption due to slow development of dairy cattle agribusiness. That is why the dairy cattle agribusiness needs to be developed to fulfill national milk consumption. Limited milk production is due to small dairy cattle agribusiness scale, low milk production capacity, and cheap selling price that is not equal to the relatively high production cost leading to low farmers’ low income. In dairy cattle agribusiness the farmers are integrated with the milk-oriented cooperatives that play important role in the development of dairy cattle agribusiness.   To encourage the development of dairy cattle agribusiness it is necessary to empower the cooperatives in order to improve agribusiness scale, to enhance milk production capacity, and to lower the production cost. Cooperatives empowerment is conducted through provision of improved female dairy cattle, high quality of concentrate at affordable price, and better management of the cooperatives. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsumsi susu nasional Indonesia sampai saat ini belum dapat dipenuhi melalui produksi dalam negeri, sebagai akibat lambannya perkembangan agribisnis sapi perah. Oleh karena itu pengembangan agribisnis sapi perah dipandang perlu dipacu agar produksi susu memenuhi kebutuhan susu nasional. Faktor utama penyebab ketidakmampuan produksi susu nasional dalam memenuhi permintaan konsumsi susu nasional adalah karena skala usaha yang kecil, kemampuan produksi susu rendah, harga jual susu yang tidak memadai dan biaya produksi yang relatif tinggi. Hal ini menjadikan pendapatan peternak menjadi rendah. Dalam agribisnis sapi perah, peternak tidak bisa lepas dari keberadaan koperasi. Untuk memacu perkembangan agribisnis sapi perah, perlu adanya pemberdayaan koperasi untuk meningkatkan skala usaha, meningkatan kemampuan produksi susu dan menekan biaya produksi. Pemberdayaan dilakukan melalui penyediaan sumber bibit sapi perah betina, penyediaan pakan konsentrat yang berkualitas dengan harga yang terjangkau, maupun bisnis KPS.

Assessing the genetic diversity of Myrsine umbellata (Primulaceae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants - an important step towards reforestation efforts

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheli Sossai Spadeto ◽  
Thais Lazarino Maciel ◽  
Tatiana Tavares Carrijo ◽  
Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
High Production

Abstract The investigation of genetic diversity in natural populations of species that show potential for use in reforestation programs is a key step in making management decisions. However, reforestation programs with native species in Brazil are still rarely based on a genetic understanding of the seed matrices used for seedling production. This is also the case for Myrsine umbellata, a dioecious shrub within the family Primulaceae that has been used in reforestation programs in Brazil, mainly due to its high production capacity of fruits attractive to the avifauna. The goal of this study was to measure intra- and interpopulational genetic diversity in natural populations of M. umbellata in six forest remnants of the Atlantic Forest using ISSR markers. The results revealed that the intrapopulational genetic diversity was greater than the genetic diversity among the studied populations. For this reason, the cultivation of seedlings from seeds obtained in more than one population seems the most appropriate strategy for reforestation purposes. Even though the most isolated populations are also the ones with highest genetic structure, all populations of M. umbellata included in this study revealed to be an important germplasm bank conserved in situ.

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