Application of Multiantigen Profiling To Detect Pecan

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUNG Y. CHO ◽  
CAROLINE PUENTE-LELIEVRE ◽  
GRANT D. JONES ◽  
SARAH R. STADIG ◽  
DEBRA A. TAYLOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Analytical Challenge ◽  
Primary Methods ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Allergen Detection

ABSTRACTA problem often encountered in the detection and identification of undeclared tree nut food allergens is the lack of analytical methods. This problem is accentuated by the current trend, whereby the primary methods used to detect food allergens are antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the development of analyte-specific antibodies takes months. The recently developed xMAP food allergen detection assay (xMAP FADA) has the ability to generate multiantigen profiles with tree nuts, thereby providing a potential solution to this problem. The xMAP FADA includes 22 antibodies targeting peanut, soy, and nine tree nuts. The high number of antibodies to a diverse group of tree nuts and legumes and the propensity of tree nuts to cross-react have enabled the development of multiantigen profiling, whereby an analyte reacts with the various antibodies to generate a profile. Recently, a question arose regarding the possible presence of pecan dust at a manufacturer of pecan products that also stored fresh produce. The lack of suitable pecan ELISAs created an analytical challenge that was resolved using multiantigen profiling with the xMAP FADA. Pecan was detected on swab samples by using multiantigen profiling and confirmed by DNA analysis. The use of multiantigen profiling provided an analytical capability beyond what was possible with an analyte-specific analytical method.

scholarly journals Multi-laboratory validation of the xMAP—Food Allergen Detection Assay: A multiplex, antibody-based assay for the simultaneous detection of food allergens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0234899
Author(s):  
Eric A. E. Garber ◽  
Chung Y. Cho ◽  
Prasad Rallabhandi ◽  
William L. Nowatzke ◽  
Kerry G. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergen ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Allergen Detection

Robustness Testing of the xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay: A Multiplex Assay for the Simultaneous Detection of Food Allergens

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRASAD RALLABHANDI ◽  
CHUNG Y. CHO ◽  
WILLIAM L. NOWATZKE ◽  
KERRY G. OLIVER ◽  
ERIC A. E. GARBER
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergen ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Multiplex Assay ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Assay Performance ◽  
Allergen Detection

ABSTRACT The xMAP food allergen detection assay (xMAP FADA) can simultaneously detect 15 analytes (14 food allergens plus gluten) in one analysis. The xMAP FADA typically employs two antibody bead sets per analyte, providing built-in confirmation that is not available with other antibody-based assays. Before an analytical method can be used, its reliability must be assessed when conditions of the assay procedure are altered. This study was conducted to determine the effects on assay performance associated with changes in incubation temperature, amounts of the antibody bead cocktail, and concentrations of detection antibody and β-mercaptoethanol in the reduced-denatured extraction buffer. The analysis of buffered-detergent extracts revealed lower responses at 22°C than at 37°C, but temperature had no effect on the analysis of reduced-denatured extracts. Changes in β-mercaptoethanol and detection antibody concentrations had an effect on the detection of only milk in the reduced-denatured extracts. A slight change in the measured bead count was observed when one-fourth of the bead cocktail was used, and a large decrease in the bead count was noted when one-eighth of the recommended amount was used, but this number (≥25) was still sufficient to provide reliable results. Overall, the xMAP FADA was very robust to changes in the assay procedure, which may inadvertently occur. HIGHLIGHTS

Cross-reactivity profiles of legumes and tree nuts using the xMAP® multiplex food allergen detection assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 409 (25) ◽  
pp. 5999-6014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Y. Cho ◽  
Carolyn Oles ◽  
William Nowatzke ◽  
Kerry Oliver ◽  
Eric A.E. Garber
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergen ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Allergen Detection

Anaphylaxis and Emergency Treatment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 111 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 1601-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh A. Sampson
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies ◽  
Fish And Shellfish ◽  
Food Anaphylaxis

Food anaphylaxis is now the leading known cause of anaphylactic reactions treated in emergency departments in the United States. It is estimated that there are 30 000 anaphylactic reactions to foods treated in emergency departments and 150 to 200 deaths each year. Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish account for most severe food anaphylactic reactions. Although clearly a form of immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity, the mechanistic details responsible for symptoms of food-induced anaphylaxis are not completely understood, and in some cases, symptoms are not seen unless the patient exercises within a few hours of the ingestion. At the present time, the mainstays of therapy include educating patients and their caregivers to strictly avoid food allergens, to recognize early symptoms of anaphylaxis, and to self-administer injectable epinephrine. However, clinical trials are now under way for the treatment of patients with peanut anaphylaxis using recombinant humanized anti-immunoglobulin E antibody therapy, and novel immunomodulatory therapies are being tested in animal models of peanut-induced anaphylaxis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Extraction Buffers Using the Current Approach of Detecting Multiple Allergenic and Nonallergenic Proteins in Food

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1458-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen D Westphal ◽  
Marion R Pereira ◽  
Richard B Raybourne ◽  
Kristina M Williams
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Analytical Variation

Abstract The detection of food allergens has been a challenge because of the increasing need to ensure the absence of undeclared allergens in foods. The current trend in the detection of some food allergens, like peanuts, is based on the detection of multiple allergenic and nonallergenic proteins, and this is the approach that kit manufacturers have adopted. Because commercial kits differ in their ability to detect allergens, regulatory agencies, the food industry, and kit manufacturers are working together to standardize the detection methods. Three kits for the detection of peanuts have been evaluated for performance by the AOAC Research Institute. For this evaluation, a peanut butter suspension was used as a reference material. Several kit components contribute to between-kit analytical variation, even when the same sample is used. One component of commercial kits, which may be contributing to this variability, is the sample extraction buffer. In this study, differences in extractability of 3 allergenic foods were evaluated by using 4 different extraction buffers. The conclusion is that optimum allergen extractability was buffer-dependent, and no single buffer is appropriate for use as a universal extraction solution for all allergenic foods. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of sample preparation buffers needs to be performed for every individual allergenic food. In light of the results obtained, the current approach used for detection of peanut allergens based on the detection of multiple allergenic and nonallergenic proteins is being analyzed.

scholarly journals Common food allergens and cross-reactivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Olivia L. Francis ◽  
Kathleen Y. Wang ◽  
Edwin H. Kim ◽  
Timothy P. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Protein Stability ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

The most clinically relevant food allergens are cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanut, tree nuts, wheat, soy, fish, shellfish, and seeds. Heat-stable food allergens have molecular characteristics that enhance protein stability and gastrointestinal absorption and thus are more likely to cause systemic reactions on ingestion. In contrast, heat-labile food allergens lack these characteristics and do not typically elicit reactions if sufficiently altered by heat or acid. Immunologic cross-sensitization between food allergens is more common than clinical cross-reactivity. However, certain groups of food allergens, such as tree nuts, fish, and shellfish, are associated with high rates of clinical cross-reactivity. Knowing the rates of clinical cross-reactivity is important when providing guidance to patients with food allergy and families on what foods can be safely added to the diet and what foods should be avoided.

scholarly journals Rapid and accurate electrochemical sensor for food allergen detection in complex foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madanodaya Sundhoro ◽  
Srikanth R. Agnihotra ◽  
Nazir D. Khan ◽  
Abigail Barnes ◽  
Joseph BelBruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Allergen Detection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
Food Matrices

AbstractFood allergies are estimated to affect about 2–5% of adults and 6–8% of children, globally. Currently, the most effective strategy for food allergy management is stringent avoidance of the offending allergen. Unlike other major food allergens, soy is uniquely challenging to avoid due to its prevalence and insidiousness in a wide variety of foods, such as infant formulas. Recently, we demonstrated a simple, accurate, and consumer-friendly sensor using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for rapid detection of soy allergenic tracers in complex food matrices at clinically relevant levels. In this work, we build on these findings by subjecting MIP-based soy allergen sensors to test trials in 42 different food products, representing over 300 ingredients. Foods were selected based on their compositional complexity to capture a wide range of preparatory methods and processing conditions. In each case, the Allergy Amulet correctly reported on the presence or absence of soy allergen tracer in investigated samples and were subjected to immunoassay confirmatory analysis. The outcome of this research will help resolve persistent difficulties with commercial technologies in detecting allergenic tracers with minimal cross-interference in foods, and will give those with soy allergies the ability to easily, rapidly, and accurately identify and avoid foods with soy allergens.

Extension of xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay to Include Sesame

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUNG Y. CHO ◽  
KATHERINE O. IVENS ◽  
WILLIAM L. NOWATZKE ◽  
JASON ROBOTHAM ◽  
MANSOUR SAMADPOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergen ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
High Signal ◽  
North American Population ◽  
Detection Assay ◽  
Allergen Detection ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation

ABSTRACT An estimated 0.1 to 0.2% of the North American population is allergic to sesame, and deaths due to anaphylactic shock have been reported. Detecting and quantifying sesame in various food samples is critical to safeguard the allergic population by ensuring accurate ingredient labeling. Because of the modular nature of the xMAP Food Allergen Detection Assay (FADA), it was possible through method extension to add sesame as a validated additional analyte. Because raw and toasted sesame are both commonly used and the two display significantly different antigenicity, three antibodies, one monoclonal and two polyclonal, were conjugated to bead sets to ensure reliable detection. The modified xMAP FADA successfully detected sesame incurred or spiked in baked muffins, spice mix, canola oil, and in both raw and toasted sesame oils with limit of quantitation values ≤ 1.3 ppm of sesame. Canola oil, sesame oil, toasted sesame oil, and olive oil inhibited sesame detection, as did the detection of sesame incurred in foods containing oil (e.g., hummus). Despite this inhibition, the xMAP FADA was still able to reliably detect sesame at levels throughout the dynamic range of the assay (22 to 750 ng of protein per mL) in all the foods examined. Further, the high signal-to-noise ratio of the lowest calibration standard and preliminary studies conjugating the antibodies at higher concentrations indicate an ability to increase the sensitivity of the assay should the need arise. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Authentication of food allergens

2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber
Keyword(s):  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Allergen Detection ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Cooperation Partners ◽  
Personalized Diagnosis ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
The Eu

Pure allergen batches are required for precise personalized diagnosis of food allergies. Furthermore, they can be used to develop sensitive allergen detection assays in foods and are valuable tools to develop novel immunotherapies. However, these reagents have to be well characterized and have to meet certain quality criteria. Within the EU-Project EuroPrevall the concept of an allergen library comprising the most important food allergens from animal and plant derived foods was developed together with a catalogue of physicochemical and immunological properties, that had to be investigated. In close cooperation partners from academia and biotech industry applied well established lab techniques as well as novel high throughput assays to analyze the most important features of the final protein batches. It is expected that this proof of concept will contribute to improved authentication of allergens for both, routine application in allergy diagnosis and treatment and risk assessment in food production.

scholarly journals From Allergen Molecules to Molecular Immunotherapy of Nut Allergy: A Hard Nut to Crack

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Fuhrmann ◽  
Huey-Jy Huang ◽  
Aysegul Akarsu ◽  
Igor Shilovskiy ◽  
Olga Elisyutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Class I ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
Allergy Diagnosis ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
Carbohydrate Epitopes ◽  
Molecular Allergy ◽  
Life Threatening

Peanuts and tree nuts are two of the most common elicitors of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. Nut allergy is frequently associated with systemic reactions and can lead to potentially life-threatening respiratory and circulatory symptoms. Furthermore, nut allergy usually persists throughout life. Whether sensitized patients exhibit severe and life-threatening reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis), mild and/or local reactions (e.g., pollen-food allergy syndrome) or no relevant symptoms depends much on IgE recognition of digestion-resistant class I food allergens, IgE cross-reactivity of class II food allergens with respiratory allergens and clinically not relevant plant-derived carbohydrate epitopes, respectively. Accordingly, molecular allergy diagnosis based on the measurement of allergen-specific IgE levels to allergen molecules provides important information in addition to provocation testing in the diagnosis of food allergy. Molecular allergy diagnosis helps identifying the genuinely sensitizing nuts, it determines IgE sensitization to class I and II food allergen molecules and hence provides a basis for personalized forms of treatment such as precise prescription of diet and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). Currently available forms of nut-specific AIT are based only on allergen extracts, have been mainly developed for peanut but not for other nuts and, unlike AIT for respiratory allergies which utilize often subcutaneous administration, are given preferentially by the oral route. Here we review prevalence of allergy to peanut and tree nuts in different populations of the world, summarize knowledge regarding the involved nut allergen molecules and current AIT approaches for nut allergy. We argue that nut-specific AIT may benefit from molecular subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) approaches but identify also possible hurdles for such an approach and explain why molecular SCIT may be a hard nut to crack.

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