Family background, education determination, and policy implications: some selected aspects from various countries

Family background, education determination, and policy implications

After the Bell – Family Background, Public Policy, and Educational Success ◽

10.4324/9780203180433_chapter_2 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 51-85

Author(s):

Jere R Behrman

Keyword(s):

Family Background ◽

Policy Implications

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The Role of Family Factors, Physical Abuse, and Sexual Victimization Experiences in High-Risk Youths’ Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Delinquency: A Longitudinal Model

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.7.3.245 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 245-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Richard Dembo ◽

Linda Williams ◽

Werner Wothke ◽

James Schmeidler ◽

C. Hendricks Brown

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Drug Use ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Sexual Victimization ◽

Family Background ◽

Damage Model ◽

Theory Development ◽

Delinquent Behavior ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Using Data

Our understanding of the adverse effects of early child physical and sexual abuse has developed to a point where there is need to elucidate the processes by which various developmental outcomes occur. Limited variability on key measures of family stress and in youths’ drug use, other delinquent behavior and abuse histories in the general population has limited theory development. Using data from an ongoing, longitudinal study of juvenile detainees, we test a developmental damage model of the relationships among the youths’ family background and problem factors, their sexual victimization and physical abuse experiences, and their substance use and delinquent behavior over time. The hypothesized model was supported by the data. Theoretical and policy implications of the results are drawn. In particular, early intervention with high-risk youths and their families is needed to address effectively their problems and troubled behavior before drug use and delinquent careers become firmly established.

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Social origins, track choices and labour-market outcomes: evidence from the French case

Longitudinal and Life Course Studies ◽

10.1332/175795921x16137571038264 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Estelle Herbaut ◽

Carlo Barone ◽

Mathieu Ichou ◽

Louis-André Vallet

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Labour Market ◽

Family Background ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Service Class ◽

Market Outcomes ◽

Labour Market Outcomes ◽

Market Benefits ◽

Academic Qualifications

This paper examines the labour-market returns to different high school tracks in the French context. We use rich nationally representative longitudinal data running from the beginning of secondary education until entrance into the labour market: the Panel d’élèves du second degré, recrutement 1995 combined with the Entrée dans la vie adulte-EVA follow-up survey. Analysing these data, we are able to identify the consequences of track placement in high school on various labour-market outcomes controlling for social and academic selection into tracking. Our results show that academic diplomas offer higher labour-market benefits than vocational diplomas, even when adjusting for selection into tracks based on prior school performance, family background and other socio-demographic characteristics. The advantage of the academic track stays large, both for the whole group of upper secondary graduates and for those who have not achieved a tertiary degree. Our results further indicate that academic qualifications are even more rewarding for service-class graduates. We discuss the theoretical and policy implications of our results for processes of intergenerational reproduction. Key messages <ul><li>Secondary academic diplomas offer higher labour market benefits than vocational ones, even when adjusting for selection into tracks.</li> <li>The academic path is the most rewarding option in France, even among students who do not complete tertiary education.</li> <li>Secondary academic qualifications are even more rewarding for service class graduates, in terms of boosting access to service class jobs.</li></ul>

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Demographic factors, personality and entrepreneurial inclination

Education + Training ◽

10.1108/et-02-2016-0024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 171-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Richa Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Family Background ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Psychological Traits ◽

Content Type ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Study Results ◽

Tolerance For Ambiguity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of demographic, social and personal dispositional factors on determining the entrepreneurial inclination. Specifically, the author examined the role of gender, age, stream of study, family business background and six psychological traits of locus of control, tolerance for ambiguity, propensity to take risk, self-confidence and innovation in differentiating entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach As university students constitute pool of potential entrepreneurs, participants for the study consisted of 274 students from two new and upcoming universities in an emerging economy of India. The sample included students from both business and non-business schools. Data were reported and analysed using descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, t-test and stepwise logistic regression Findings The study results suggest that the traits of locus of control, tolerance for ambiguity, self-confidence and innovativeness were significant in differentiating entrepreneurs from non-entrepreneurs. At the same time it was also observed that need for achievement and risk-taking propensity were not found to be significantly different for these two groups which was contradictory to the expectations. In addition to these six psychological traits, the study results also underlined the role of family background and school in predicting entrepreneurial inclination. Practical implications The study carries huge public policy implications for education system in India which largely prepares the students for jobs in public and private sectors rather than entrepreneurship. Originality/value The study discusses some of the missing links in the entrepreneurship research by providing new insights from India.

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