Bank Reserves as Percent of Bank Deposits in Eight Case Study Countries

1997 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Bank Reserves

scholarly journals Uang Elektronik: Praktik dan Substansi Dari Perspektif Keuangan Syariah (Studi Kasus: BCA Flazz & Go-Pay)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Adi Martono ◽  
Yuddy Yudawirawan
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
Conventional Banks

The use of electronic money as a transaction tool in everyday life is a necessity, people use the money to pay for various needs such as buying goods in the marketplace, buying food online, KRL train tickets, paying toll tickets and others. On the other hand, the use of electronic money in society raises questions, especially for Muslims. Is electronic money as a medium of exchange in accordance with the Qur'an and As-Sunnah? Several Indonesian Muslim scholars who are concerned about the practice of Muamalah Maaliyah have given their thoughts and opinions on the use of electronic money. This paper is a step in answering this question. This paper will try to provide an explanation why the use of electronic money is not in accordance with the Qur'an and As-Sunnah. This research uses case study – qualitative research as research methodology. For this study, data were collected from documentation: Bank Indonesia regulations, the fatwa of the Sharia Council-Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), fatwas of world scholars, instructions for the use of electronic money from banks/issuing companies, participant observations and observations, namely as users of electronic money who also use electronic money. Experienced as a banker in a state-owned bank. Using this method, this research will explore and explain how electronic money is managed and why some Muslims doubt this money. The conclusion of this study is that Bank Indonesia as the regulator and DSN-MUI issued a fatwa and this is in line with the fatwa issued by Majma' al-Fiqh al-Islami under the World Muslim League in its decision No. 86, 3/9 explains that “bank deposits, both in Islamic banks and conventional banks, from the fiqh point of view are debt, having different views on the concept and characteristics of electronic money used in Indonesia. The solution to this problem is that Bank Indonesia as a regulator needs to open space so that electronic money that is in accordance with sharia provisions can be realized so that the interests of the Muslim community are met. Abstrak Penggunaan uang elektronik sebagai alat transaksi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah suatu keniscayaan, masyarakat menggunakan uang tersebut untuk membayar berbagai keperluan seperti membeli barang di marketplace, membeli makanan secara online, tiket kereta api KRL, membayar tiket tol dan lain-lain. Di sisi lain, penggunaan uang elektronik di masyarakat menimbulkan pertanyaan terutama bagi umat Islam. Apakah uang elektronik sebagai alat tukar sesuai dengan Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah? Beberapa cendekiawan muslim Indonesia yang concern terhadap praktik Muamalah Maaliyah telah memberikan pemikiran dan pendapatnya tentang penggunaan uang elektronik. Tulisan ini merupakan langkah dalam menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Tulisan ini akan mencoba memberikan penjelasan mengapa penggunaan uang elektronik tidak sesuai dengan Al-Qur’an dan As-Sunnah. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus – penelitian kualitatif sebagai metodologi penelitian. Untuk penelitian ini data dikumpulkan dari dokumentasi: ketentuan Bank Indonesia, fatwa Dewan Syariah-Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI), fatwa ulama sedunia, instruksi penggunaan uang elektronik dari bank/perusahaan penerbit, observasi dan observasi partisipan yaitu sebagai pengguna uang elektronik yang juga berpengalamanan sebagai bankir di bank milik pemerintah. Dengan menggunakan metode ini, penelitian ini akan mengeksplorasi dan menjelaskan bagaimana uang elektronik dikelola dan mengapa sebagian umat Islam meragukan uang ini. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Bank Indonesia selaku regulator dan DSN-MUI yang mengeluarkan fatwa dan ini sejalan dengan fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Majma’ al-Fiqh al-Islami di bawah Liga Muslim Dunia dalam keputusannya No. 86, 3/9 menerangkan bahwa “simpanan bank, baik di bank Islam maupun bank konvensional, dari sudut pandang fiqih merupakan hutang, memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai konsep dan karakteristik uang elektronik yang digunakan di Indonesia. Solusi dari permasalahan ini adalah Bank Indonesia sebagai regulator perlu membuka ruang agar uang elektronik yang sesuai dengan ketentuan syariah dapat diwujudkan sehingga kepentingan masyarakat muslimin terpenuhi. Kata Kunci: Uang Elektronik, Bank, Penerbit Uang Elektronik, Riba

The So-Called Pan-European Depositors' Protection Scheme

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-260
Author(s):  
Pierre de Gioia-Carabellese ◽  
Corrado Chessa
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
June July

This article focuses on the legal provisions of Directive 2014/49 on deposit guarantee schemes (the DGS Directive) and focuses on how the national schemes financially support each another by offering a critical analysis to demonstrate that the new legal framework is far from satisfactory. This is because the new ‘safety net’, still hinged on depositors' protections schemes that operate at the national level, is fettered by the quantitative limits and legal constraints of mutual borrowing. This ultimately still leaves the EU/EEA depositors with an element of uncertainty. This contribution also seeks to illustrate that the recent mass withdrawal from bank deposits in Greece (in June/July 2015) was an unsuccessful test case for the new legislation, which was ironically already in force at the time the crisis unfolded. This case study of Greece is coupled with the important Landslaki dictum which is given equal attention in this article. Together they give significant credibility to the view that the DGS Directive, seemingly not fully aware of the lessons to be learnt from the 2011 Eurozone crisis, is obsolete and should be amended as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Determinants of Private Savings in the Form of Bank Deposits: A Case Study on Regions of the Russian Federation

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Malkina
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Private Savings ◽  
Personal Savings ◽  
Input Variables

The paper is aimed at investigating the factors affecting the level of private deposits in banks in Russian regions and the verification of various theoretical concepts of personal savings. To achieve this purpose, we built a set of alternative Cobb–Douglas-type regressions with fixed time effects and logistic-type regressions based on panel data of 80 Russian regions from 2014–2016. Their estimations allowed us to reveal the dependence of private deposits in Russian regions at the level of real personal income and its structure, the personal income inequality, the demographic structure of the population, the state of the labor market, the level of accumulated wealth, the rate of urbanization, and the level of development of the financial system in the regions. Signs with variables summarize both direct and indirect effects of the input variables on the deposits, confirming some theoretical concepts and rejecting others, while the calculated elasticities show the strength of these effects. The results we obtained are applicable to the management of financial resources in Russian regions and the smoothing out of interregional differences in their development.

The Ultimate Inflation

Money ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith ◽  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
World War ◽  
Depressing Effect ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Bank Reserves ◽  
Production Prices

This chapter examines the inflation that rocked a number of industrial nations after World War I. At the end of World War I, all of the principal belligerents had ditched the gold standard. No major country now allowed the free export of gold. It followed that none need now worry lest foreigners convert deposits or notes into gold to take out of the country. Accordingly, domestic policy was no longer restrained by the fear that gold would be lost. And since gold could not leave, its loss could not reduce bank reserves, bank deposits, or note circulation, all with further depressing effect on production, prices and employment. The chapter considers the experiences of France, Austria, and Germany with inflation.

scholarly journals Towards Building an Early Warning Model to Predict the Financial Crises of Jordanian Islamic Banks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana AL- Huneiti ◽  
YOUSEF HANI ABD AL-GHANI
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Early Warning Model ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
Bank Reserves ◽  
Warning Model

<p>This study aimed to build an early warning model to predict financial crisis at the Jordanian Islamic banks during (2000-2013). So, the study included thirteen independent variables, and four dependent variables.</p><p>Among the most important findings of the study there is no significant Effect of the economic indicators and indicators of the financial performance of the financial crisis, as measured by the real exchange rate due to growing confidence in the dinar, achievements of monetary stability reflected positively on the Jordanian economy, and the international reserves due to the central bank's policy to keep a basket of foreign currencies as reflected positively on the Jordanian economy. While total bank deposits is due to the adoption of central bank control policy and legislative prudent on the banking system, an increasing demand for Islamic banks in light of the crisis, which was reflected positively on the increased size deposits in particular. Finally, total bank reserves is due to the retention of Islamic banks with capital and high reserves, protected from exposure to any financial crisis. The most important, as recommended by the study, is that Islamic banks are advised to use these four models as an early warning system protects them from exposure to any risks arising from the financial crisis.</p>

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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