12 Extension: Manifestations of Second Language Composing Processes in Language Switching

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
José Miguel Plata Ramírez ◽  
Kathryn F. Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Composing Processes

scholarly journals Latent variable evidence on the interplay between language switching frequency and executive control in Spanish-Catalan bilinguals

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 912-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor A. Sanchez-Azanza ◽  
Raúl López-Penadés ◽  
Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla ◽  
Daniel Adrover-Roig
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Second Language Proficiency ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: We characterized the impact of several bilingualism-related factors on the executive control of Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. Design/methodology/approach: Participants self-reported information regarding their age of acquisition, second language proficiency and frequency of natural language switching, and performed non-linguistic tasks tapping into specific executive control subcomponents, including inhibition, switching and updating. Data and analysis: Data were analyzed by means of a structural equation model (SEM) approach. Findings/conclusions: Results revealed that the frequency of natural language switching positively modulated the executive control performance of Spanish-Catalan bilinguals, while neither age of acquisition nor second language proficiency had an effect. Moreover, we found that the impact of natural language switching exerted general-processing influences, affecting all subcomponents of executive control. Findings are discussed in relation to context-specific effects on the cognitive system of a particular bilingual population. Originality: The current study applied an SEM approach to provide new evidence on the previously ambiguous relation between bilingualism-related factors and executive control. Significance/implications: Our findings suggest that the frequency of natural language switching does globally influence the executive control of Spanish-Catalan bilinguals.

Modulatory role of inhibition during language switching: Evidence from evoked and induced oscillatory activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Liu ◽  
Lijuan Liang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yao Lu ◽  
Baoguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Naming Latencies

Aims: The present study adopted the electroencephalogram (EEG) technique to investigate whether inhibition advantage could modulate different language switches, regardless of the time spent on second language learning. Design: The inhibitory control (IC) ability of 80 low-proficient Chinese (L1)-English (L2) bilinguals was assessed by the Simon task. Half of these bilinguals were then subdivided into 20 high- and 20 low-IC participants to perform switching between L1 and L2 (L1–L2 switching), and the other half were subdivided into 20 high- and 20 low-IC participants to conduct switching between L1 and Lnew (L1–Lnew switching). All participants were required to name pictures (picture naming task) in their L1 and L2/Lnew in language switching task. Data and analysis: Both response latencies and EEG data were obtained, and then evoked and induced oscillations were calculated using time–frequency analysis. Findings: The results of language switching showed similar naming latencies for L1 and L2/Lnew switch trials in the high-IC group, whereas the low-IC group showed larger naming latencies for L1 switch trials than L2/Lnew switch trials. In contrast, the high-IC group exhibited larger theta evoked and induced power for L2/Lnew switch trials than L1 switch trials at the lexical selection level, whereas the low-IC group did not. These findings indicate that inhibition advantage helps the high-IC group to suppress effectively the non-target word via recruiting bottom-up (evoked oscillation) and top-down (induced oscillation) processes. Innovation: The present study was a first attempt to provide evidence that theta oscillation indicates cross-language interference at the lexical selection level. Significance: Inhibition plays a modulatory role in language switching, which is independent of the time spent on second language learning, and such role involves bottom-up (i.e., evoked oscillation) and top-down (i.e., induced oscillation) processes which were mainly evident at the lexical selection level.

scholarly journals Neural bases of asymmetric language switching in second-language learners: An ER-fMRI study

NeuroImage ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 862-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yapeng Wang ◽  
Gui Xue ◽  
Chuansheng Chen ◽  
Feng Xue ◽  
Qi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neural Bases

Associations of natural language switching with executive control in early bilinguals

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1019
Author(s):  
Raúl López-Penadés ◽  
Victor A. Sanchez-Azanza ◽  
Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla ◽  
Lucía Buil-Legaz ◽  
Daniel Adrover-Roig
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Working Memory Updating

AbstractThis study aimed at identifying linguistic factors that could contribute to understanding individual differences in executive control among bilinguals. Directionality and type of natural language switching, age of second language acquisition, and language proficiency were evaluated in a sample of 112 early bilingual adults. Participants performed several computerized tasks tapping into three dimensions of executive control: inhibition of interference, working memory updating, and shifting. Regression analyses showed that frequent switching to the second language was associated with more efficient executive processing, enhanced working memory updating processes, and better shifting ability. Moreover, higher frequency of unintended language switches was associated with lower interference control abilities. Frequency of language switching behavior was the principal predictor of executive control, beyond age of second language acquisition and language proficiency. Results suggest that frequent language switching is related to enhanced executive control, while the unintended switching of languages could be associated with low interference control.

Electrophysiological correlates of language switching in second language learners

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje Van Der Meij ◽  
Fernando Cuetos ◽  
Manuel Carreiras ◽  
Horacio A. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Language Switching

Learning the lexical aspects of a second language at different proficiencies: A neural computational study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIANO CUPPINI ◽  
ELISA MAGOSSO ◽  
MAURO URSINO
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hebbian Learning ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Convergence Hypothesis ◽  
Competitive Mechanism ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Conceptual Meaning

We present an original model designed to study how a second language (L2) is acquired in bilinguals at different proficiencies starting from an existing L1. The model assumes that the conceptual and lexical aspects of languages are stored separately: conceptual aspects in distinct topologically organized Feature Areas, and lexical aspects in a single Lexical Network. Lexical and semantic aspects are then linked together during Hebbian learning phases by presenting L2 lexical items and their L1 translation equivalents. The model hypothesizes the existence of a competitive mechanism to solve conflicts and simulate language switching tasks. Results demonstrate that, at the beginning of training, an L2 lexicon must parasitize its L1 equivalent to access its conceptual meaning. At intermediate proficiency, L2 items may evoke their semantics independently of L1, but with a high risk of interference. At higher proficiency, the L2 representation becomes progressively similar to the L1 representation, according to Green's (2003) convergence hypothesis.

scholarly journals The influence of language-switching experience on the bilingual executive control advantage

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
NELE VERREYT ◽  
EVY WOUMANS ◽  
DAVY VANDELANOTTE ◽  
ARNAUD SZMALEC ◽  
WOUTER DUYCK
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Language Switching ◽  
Second Language Proficiency ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Bilingual Advantage

In an ongoing debate, bilingual research currently discusses whether bilingualism enhances non-linguistic executive control. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of language-switching experience, rather than language proficiency, on this bilingual executive control advantage. We compared the performance of unbalanced bilinguals, balanced non-switching, and balanced switching bilinguals on two executive control tasks, i.e. a flanker and a Simon task. We found that the balanced switching bilinguals outperformed both other groups in terms of executive control performance, whereas the unbalanced and balanced non-switching bilinguals did not differ. These findings indicate that language-switching experience, rather than high second-language proficiency, is the key determinant of the bilingual advantage in cognitive control processes related to interference resolution.

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